释义 |
▪ I. knocking, vbl. n.|ˈnɒkɪŋ| [-ing1.] 1. a. The action of the verb knock, q.v.
a1340Hampole Psalter lxi. 8 In knokynge of brest. c1500Adam Bel 226 Who is there nowe, sayde the porter, That maketh all this knocking? 1546Supplic. Poore Commons (E.E.T.S.) 63 Lightyng of candels to images, knockyng and knelyng to them. 1605Shakes. Macb. ii. ii. 74 Wake Duncan with thy knocking: I would thou could'st. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. iii. ii. §17 There is no such knocking of particles. 1762Foote Orator ii. Wks. 1799 I. 210 Certain thumpings, knockings, scratchings. 1845M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 22 Roused by a loud and continued knocking at the door of the house. 1899J. Perry Steam Engine ii. 30 Knocking or Back-lash.—It will be noticed that however good may be the fit of a brass to a pin, when the forces between them are suddenly reversed, there is a blow. 1903M. P. Bale Gas & Oil Engine Managem. iv. 61 Knocking may also arise from the key of the flywheel becoming loose. 1928[see decoke v.]. 1946Mod. Petroleum Technol. (Inst. Petroleum) 245 All reciprocating petrol engines, if run on unsuitable fuel, will produce a characteristic noise known as knocking, the quality of the sound varying from a sharp pink to a low thud according to the design of the engine and the composition of the fuel. 1971Guardian 13 Dec. 1/4 Steam injection could eliminate ‘knocking’ on unleaded fuel even in high compression engines. b. With adverbs: see knock v. II. (Also attrib.)
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vii. v. (MS. Bodl.) lf. 49/2 Grysbating and knokking togedres of teeþ. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 472 It seems..probable..that bowing the knee answers to the very vulgar expression of knocking under. 1840N.Z. Jrnl. 1 Aug. 183/1 Any one coming out must expect to have a good knocking about. 1868in Hughes Tom Brown (ed. 6) Pref., The old delusion..that knocking about will turn a timid body into a bold one. 1897Organ Voicing & Tuning 9 A knocking-up cup, similar in form to the cone... It is of great substance, and, therefore, heavy, that it may the more readily effect its mission, namely, that of ‘knocking up’ or reducing the wind-hole of the pipe. 1905Westm. Gaz. 19 Aug. 15/2 It is always the brim that matters in one's knocking-about hat. 1922A. E. Crawley Lawn Tennis Do's & Don'ts 42 As in many other games, it is not normal to get into your stroke at once; hence the need of a few minutes' knocking-up before a game. 1924F. G. Lowe Lawn Tennis 10 When a new stroke has been learnt..it is an excellent idea to practise it against a wall until it becomes perfect. This ‘knocking up’ will also materially improve footwork and quicken up the player. 1970Country Life 20 Aug. 469/3 (caption) ‘Knocking-up’ slate in front of a miner's house..Co. Durham. 1973Oxf. Mag. 4 May 9/2 Knocking-up is notoriously not done in America, even by tennis players trying to warm up their partners before a match. c. knocking-off: (a) = knock-off n. 2; also (in full knocking-off time), the time laid down for the end of a spell of work. (b) Spinning. Automatic stopping of the bobbin and flyer frames when a sufficient length of yarn has been wound on to the bobbin. (c) Weaving. Automatic stopping of the loom when the shuttle fails to reach the box. (a)1886in Amer. Speech (1950) XXV. 35/1 The entire mill is kept on operation long after knocking off..to make up for time lost during the day. 1887in Ibid., Saturday evening last, just about knocking off time. 1894in Leeds Mercury Weekly Suppl. 11 Aug. (E.D.D.). 1922C. E. Montague Disenchantment ix. 123 He..knocked off work for the day. There was no knocking off for the army. 1944R.A.F. Jrnl. Aug. 292 At knocking-off time..the hooter sounds and everyone climbs thankfully out of their overalls. 1958Times 14 Apr. 6/1 It is not all that difficult to control tea-breaks, knocking-off times or shift changes without upsetting your employees. 1974N. Freeling Dressing of Diamond 45 Another cubic metre to shift before knocking-off time. (b)1883H. E. Walmsley Cotton Spinning 15 See that the saddles and weights are accurate, and that both front and back knocking-off motions are in perfect working order. 1901― Cotton Spinning II. iii. 67 It is still more difficult to invent a motion that will prevent tenters from doffing bobbins before knocking-off does take place. 1908H. Priestman Princ. Woollen Spinning x. 282 If a mule were empty, and were run with the knocking-off gear out of action,..the rollers would revolve at all kinds of varying speeds. 1927T. Thornley Cotton Spinning (ed. 4) iii. 61 This completes the knocking-off motion and the lap may now be doffed. (c)1912T. Roberts Tappet & Dobby Looms ix. 198 In order to reduce the vibration and strain on the various parts of the loom when knocking-off takes place, strong springs..are employed which serve as cushions for the frogs. 1935J. W. Hutchinson Mod. Looms xxix. 265 The sudden knocking-off of the loom may crack the cast iron brushes on the sword pin. d. knocking over. Machine-knitting. = knock-over.
a1877Knight Dict. Mech. II. 1237/1 The stripping or knocking-over wheel..then throws the old loops entirely over the tops of the needles. 1964H. Wignall Knitting ii. 28 The needle now moves to its lowest position drawing the new loop through the fabric loop which is now cast off. On the original Lee knitting frame this called for physical effort and this action was called knocking over. e. Phr. the last knockings, the last earnings; so to be on the last knockings, to approach the end of one's employment or earnings.
1939H. Hodge Cab, Sir? iii. 31, I..have left it late, and come in ‘at the last knockings’. 1958F. Norman Bang to Rights iii. 137 When I was on the last knockings I tried to get my bird out earning again. 2. pl. a. (See quot. 1678.) b. Mining. Ore that has been broken with a hammer before being crushed. c. Small pieces broken off from stone by hammering or chiseling.
1678Phil. Trans. XII. 1063 A third sort of Salt we have which we call Knockings, which doth candy on the Stailes of the Barrow. 1747Hooson Miner's Dict. P ij, To break the Knockings, and crush them to Knockbark, to make the Ore merchantable. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1240/1 The sorting of lead ore by the sieve develops three qualities, knockings, riddlings, and fell. The former are large scraps, which are picked out. 3. Comb., as knocking-bucker (see bucker2), knocking-mell, knocking-mill, knocking-room, knocking-stone, knocking-trough: see quots.
1686Plot Staffordsh. 166 Three sorts, viz. round Ore, small Ore, and Smithum; the two last whereof are first beaten to pieces with an instrument called a *Knocking-bucker.
1847–78Halliwell, *Knocking-mell, a large wooden hammer used for bruising barley. 1858N. & Q. 2nd Ser. VI. 8 A strong knockin-mell or wooden pestle.
1727–41Chambers Cycl., Stamping-mill, or *knocking-mill, an engine used in the tin-works, to bruise the ore small.
1887N. D. Davis Cavaliers & Roundheads Barbados 9 The pots were removed to the *Knocking Room. Here they were knocked with force against the ground, causing the sugar to come out in a loaf.
1805Ramsay Scot. in 18th C. (1888) II. ii. 70 Its place was supplied by knocked bear. Every family had therefore its *knocking-stone.
1825Brockett, *Knocking-trough, a conical trough in which the rind is beat off barley with a mallet. ▪ II. ˈknocking, ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ing2.] a. That knocks (see the verb); † fig. violent, forcible, ‘thumping’; ‘knock-down’, clinching, decisive.
1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 17 b/1 Prickinge, knockinge, or beatinge payne. 1624Gee Foot out of Snare v. 33 Heere is a knocking and long-lasting lie, worthy to be nailed vpon a post or pillory. 1711Swift Jrnl. to Stella Lett. 1767 III. 269 The lords..they say, are preparing some knocking addresses. 1732Pope Ep. Cobham 236 Still to his wench he crawls on knocking knees. b. knocking copy, advertising which claims that the product of another manufacturer is inferior to one's own. (Cf. knock v. 2 f.)
1958Times 1 July 11/5 Certain types of announcement covering such things as..politically and religiously controversial statements, ‘knocking’ copy, and so on. 1960Guardian 19 Dec. 3/2 In advertising, the pamphlet advocates the ending of the ‘no knocking copy rule’, which restricts competition by preventing one advertiser from ‘fairly disparaging’ another's product. 1966G. N. Leech Eng. in Advertising iv. 37 ‘Knocking copy’, designed to discredit competing products, offends against the principle of ‘positiveness’ mentioned earlier, and is besides considered bad form. 1969Listener 23 Jan. 127/3 Knocking copy means advertisements which point out clearly that one brand is better than another brand. |