| 释义 |
▪ I. whose, pron.|huːz|
Forms: 1 hwæs, 2–3 hwas, 3 hwos, (wuas), ȝwas, hwes, 3–4 whes, 3–5 whas, was, wos, 4 huas, wais, hoes, woise, 4–5 whoos, hos, 4–6 whos, whois, 5 whayse, whoys, hoys, (hosse), wose, 5–9 Sc. and north. whase, 6 whoes, woos, wois, hose, Sc. vhais, vhois, 7–8 who's, 5– whose; 3–5 quase, 4 quos, quose, 4–5 quas, Sc. 4–8 quhais, (5 qwhos, qwose), 5–7 quhois, 6 quhas, (qwhois), 6–7 quhose, 6–8 quhase, 7 quhaes, quhoise.
[ME. hwās, later hwǭs, whǭs, altered form of hwas, hwes, OE. hwæs (:—*χwasa) genitive of hwá and hwæt, through the influence of hwā, hwǭ who, hwām, hwǭm whom. (Later ME. whas prob. represents an unstressed variant.) Cf. OS. hwes, MLG., MDu., OHG., G. wes, ON. hues(s, MSw. hwes, hwas, (Da. hvis), Goth. hwis:—*χwesa, Indo-Eur. *qweso, represented also by Gr. (Homeric) τέο for *τέσο, OSl. česo.]
The genitive case of who (and in OE. of the neuter what: cf. 3 below). Used, in all senses, either before a n. as a possessive adj. (like his, her, my, etc.), or absolutely (like his, hers, mine, etc.): in the latter case chiefly in the interrogative sense as predicate.
I. Interrogative uses (direct and dependent).
1. Of whom; belonging to whom; what person's.
c897ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xlvii. 357 Ðæt hie ᵹeðencen hwæs folᵹeras hie sindon. a1000Colloq. ælfric in Wr.-Wülcker 92 Hunta ic eom. hwæs? c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxii. 42 Hwæt þincð eow be criste, hwæs sunu ys he? c1200Vices & Virtues 99 Ȝif hie [sc. ðohtes] cumeð fram mannen, hie [sc. ȝepnesse] cann hwatliche underfinden, an hwos half he is icumen. c1205Lay. 17111 Næs nan witie þat auere wuste here whes sune he weore. a1240Ureisun in O.E. Hom. I. 189 Maiden moder, maiden: and hwas moder? his hwas dohter þu art. c1275Passion of our Lord 447 in O.E. Misc. 50 Hi casten heore lot hwes he scolde beo. 13..Cursor M. 12224 (Gött.) Quat wamb him bar.., And wid was pappis was he fedd? 1340Ayenb. 38 Þo þet ofhyealdeþ þe þinges þet hi vindeþ and wyteþ wel huas þet hi byeþ. 13..Guy Warw. (A.) 6826 Telle þou me, Þis feir castel wos it be. c1380Sir Ferumb. 1726 Was men buth ȝe? c1386Chaucer Man of Law's T. 920 Whos is that faire child that stondeth yonder? c1440Alphabet of Tales 265 He fand a dead mans head, and he had grete mervayll whose it was. 1566Lauder Tractate Contents, And, last of all, vnto quhose actionis..suld Kyngis geue rathest actendence. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 1077 Whose tongue is musick now? 1607Dekker & Webster Northw. Hoe i. ii. A 4 b, Arrest me? at whose sute? 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, i. iv. 43 Whose fault is this? 1791Cowper Judgm. Poets 4 A warm dispute..Whose temper was the best. 1883D. C. Murray Hearts vii, ‘I'm sure of the voice...’ ‘Whose is it?’ 1896A. E. Housman Shropsh. Lad xxvii, I cheer a dead man's sweetheart, Never ask me whose. 1908R. Bagot A. Cuthbert vi. 58 Your offensive abuse of his poor father, and forgetfulness of Whose minister he was.
II. Relative uses.
* as simple relative.
2. In reference to a person or persons (or to an animal or animals): Of whom.
a. Introducing a defining or restrictive clause completing the sense: cf. who 9.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 37 Þe deuel..on ech of hise deden is iefned to þe deore wuas geres he forðteoð. a1240[see 1]. a1300Cursor M. 2155 Of him o quas sede Was he born þat beit our nede. a1325MS. Rawl. B. 520 lf. 53 b, After þe wille of him hos þe werkes beȝ [= beð]. c1400tr. Secr. Secr., Gov. Lordsh. 81 It ys meruail of a man how he may be syke or dye, whos mete ys breed of good whete. 1526Tindale Luke i. 27 A virgin spoused to a man, whose name was Ioseph. 1539Bible (Great) Ps. xxxii. 1 Blessed is he, whose vnryghteousnesse is forgeuen. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 37 Of heires of qvhais age their is ane doubt. 1611Bible Gen. xxxviii. 25 The man whose these are. Ibid. xliv. 17 The man in whose hand the cup is found. 1690tr. J. Le Clerc's Five Lett. Inspir. 56 The Apostles did not pass in their own time for Persons, whose every word was an Oracle. 1723Ramsay Fair Assembly viii, A wife..Whase charms can silence dumps. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 70 Persons who..sanctified their ambition by advancing the dignity of the people whose peace they troubled. 1836W. Irving Astoria xli, To feast upon the horses whose blood they had so vaingloriously drunk. 1893M. Pemberton Iron Pirate ii, Men whose laugh was a horrid growl.
b. Introducing an additional statement: thus sometimes equivalent to ‘and his (their, etc.)’: cf. who 10.
In early use occas. preceded by the: cf. which B. 13, whom 8.
Formerly also separated from the antecedent, sometimes with resulting ambiguity (cf. who 10): occas. preceded by superfluous and (cf. who 12 b).
c1175Lamb. Hom. 151 Þe lauerd N[athaniel] hwas dei hit is to dei. c1220Bestiary 764 Ðis der, Wos kinde we hauen told ȝu her. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 4195 Eleyne þat noble mayde..was norice ich was. a1300Cursor M. 1490 Noe, In quas time þe flod gan be. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints iv. (Jacobus) 210 In-to þe name of criste Ihesu, Fore quhais cause I am led now. 1390Gower Conf. II. 103 Morpheus, the whos nature Is forto take the figure Of what persone that him liketh. a1400Pauline Ep. (1916) 42 Cryste in woise deþ we ar baptysyd. 1467Stonor Papers (Camden) I. 95 To performe my Nonkilles wyll, hoys sowle God pardon. c1469Ibid. 104 Ȝowr modyr, hosse sowle Gode haue mersy. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop i. viii, A wulf..deuoured a sheep of whos bones he had one in his throte. 1526Tindale Rom. ix. 5 My brethren..the israhelites,..whose also are the fathers. ― 1 Pet. ii. 24 Christ also suffered for oure sakes... By whose strypes ye were healed. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. iii. ii. i. i. 533 The young man..at last married her, to whose wedding amongst other guests came Apollonius. 1750T. Cooke Plautus I. p. xxv, This Comedy is called Bacchides from two Sisters, Courtesans, who are the chief Characters in the Play; both whose Names are Bacchis. a1774Goldsm. tr. Scarron's Com. Rom. (1775) II. 170 A hamlet, inhabited by fishermen, who's humanity he had occasion to remember. 1791Burke App. Whigs 88 It does not arise out of the inherent rights of the people, as the national assembly does in France, and whose name designates its original. 1820Keats Lamia ii. 279 The Gods, whose dreadful images Here represent their shadowy presences. 1864J. Hunt tr. Vogt's Lect. Man ii. 26 Vegetable feeders, such as ruminants, whose lower jaw acts like a millstone.
3. In reference to a thing or things (inanimate or abstract). Originally the genitive of the neuter what (sense 7); in later use serving as the genitive of which (senses 7 and 8), and usually replaced by of which, except where the latter would produce an intolerably clumsy form.
1382Wyclif Deut. viii. 9 The loond of oyle and of hony;..whos stones ben yren, and of the hillis of it ben doluen metallys of brasse. 1442Beckington Corr. (Rolls) II. 213 He hath..taken the townes and castles and forteresses whoos names be specified. 1482Monk of Evesham lv. (Arb.) 107 A ful glorious walle of crystal hoys heythe no man might see. 1528Tindale Obed. Chr. Man 130 Loke yer thou lepe, whose literall sence is, doo nothinge sodenly or without avisemente. 1577Harrison England ii. ii. [v.] (1877) i. 46 Bath, whose see was sometime at Welles. 1602Shakes. Ham. i. v. 15, I could a Tale vnfold, whose lightest word Would harrow vp thy soule. 1632Milton L'Allegro 73 Mountains on whose barren brest The labouring clouds do often rest. 1661Feltham Lusoria, Lett. 65 A Disposition..whose affability may sweeten life. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) I. 74 A maxim of whose impropriety not St. Anthony himself could persuade him. 1807Southey Espriella's Lett. (1814) II. 10 The clock, whose huge bell..may be heard five leagues over the plain. 1863Reade Hard Cash I. 100 The nerve man had prescribed..a medicine..whose effect on the nerves was nil. 1896Pollock 1st Bk. of Jurispr. vii. 179 Processes extending over two or three centuries, and whose fundamental analogies are..disguised in almost every possible way. 1906Conrad Mirror of Sea vii. 33 A newspaper of sound principles, but whose staff will persist in ‘casting’ anchors. 1927E. Bowen Hotel vi. 57 She looked down..and saw a little house, with a blue door whose colour delighted her. 1958I. Murdoch Bell iv. 47 Toby..marvelled at this light which is no light..and whose strength is seen only in the sharpness of cast shadows. 1968J. Lyons Introd. Theoretical Linguistics 55 Whether there are, or could be, two languages whose vocabularies are to no degree whatsoever isomorphic with one another is a question with which we need not be concerned. 1981I. McEwan Comfort of Strangers ix. 122 There were pictures whose context she understood immediately.
4. As objective genitive, in reference to a person (or animal) or a thing. Now rare: commonly replaced by of whom or of which. (Cf. note s.v. his poss. pron. 2.)
1382Wyclif Lev. xxii. 5 He..that shal touche..eny vnclene, whos touchynge is hoory [1388 foul]. c1449Pecock Repr. v. ii. 493 Deedis whos forberingis schulden make hem the more sureli kepen hem fro breking of Goddis lawe. 1513Douglas æneis vi. vii. 4 Our the fludis bank ful swiftlie sprent, Quhais passage is vnreturnable went. 1551Crowley Pleas. & Pain Ded., The pore of thys realme, whoes oppression doeth alredy crye vnto the Lorde for vengeance. 1601Dolman La Primaud. Fr. Acad. III. lxxxvii. 391 The Hart or Stag, in whose chase great Lords take much pleasure. 1605Shakes. Macb. iii. i. 105, I will put that Businesse in your Bosomes, Whose execution takes your Enemie off. 1730Chamberlayne's Relig. Philos. (ed. 3) II. xvii. §1 Things, whose particular Discussion would..exceed the Design of this Book. 1754Cambridge in World No. 102 ⁋2 Any thing whose loss they can so easily supply. 1821Southey Let. to John May 7 Apr., This deplorable old man, whose sight..excited in me a mingled feeling of horror and disgust.
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5. As compound relative, or with ellipsis of antecedent = he (him, etc.) whose. Often in generalized sense = whosesoever. Now rare or arch.: cf. who 6, 8, whom 5, 6.
Sometimes with the generalized sense indicated by so(ever) or so ever following the n. (Cf. whosesoever.)
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1648 & quos deth so he dezyre he dreped als faste. a1400in Engl. Gilds (1870) 352 Ȝif oþere chalouns beþ y-founde þat ne habbeþ þelke a-syse, in was hond hij beþ y-founde, be forfeted. c1420? Lydg. Assembly of Gods 1299 Blere whos ey ye woll..with your myst. 1432–50[see whrinny]. 1460Rolls of Parlt. V. 384/1 In whos handes so evere they bee. 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 7 Quhais Sinnis ȝe forgeue, ar forgeuin vnto thame. 1592Arden of Feversham 1092 Speede to my wish, whose wil so ere sayes no. a1633G. Herbert Jacula Prudentum 196 Whose house is of glasse, must not throw stones at another. 1667Milton P.L. viii. 647 Heavenly Guest,..Sent from whose sovran goodness I adore.
▪ II. † whose
for who's = who is: see who.
1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, i. iv. 50 (Qo.) Whose within there!
▪ III. whose
obs. form of whoso. |