| 释义 |
kinship|ˈkɪnʃɪp|
[f. kin1 + -ship. A modern word: not in Johnson, Todd, Webster 1828.]
The quality or state of being of kin.
1. a. Relationship by descent; consanguinity.
1833Mrs. Browning Prometh. Bound Poems 1850 I. 141 An awful thing Is kinship joined to friendship. 1868Stanley Westm. Abb. iii. 172 In consideration of her kinship with no less than twelve sovereigns. 1880Dixon Windsor III. xiii. 119 She was of kinship with the queen.
b. Anthropology. The recognized ties of relationship, by descent, marriage, or ritual, that form the basis of social organization. So attrib. and Comb., as kinship category, kinship group, kinship structure, kinship term; kinship system, the system of relationships traditionally accepted in a culture and the rights and obligations which they involve.
1866J. F. M'Lennan in Fortn. Rev. 15 Apr. 580 Kinship through the mother had been in Homer's time undisputed among the Greeks. 1910J. G. Frazer Totemism & Exogamy I. 20 The Psylli, a Snake clan in Africa, had a similar test of kinship. 1914W. H. R. Rivers (title) Kinship and social organization. Ibid. 1 The aim of these lectures is to demonstrate the close connection which exists between methods of denoting relationship or kinship and forms of social organisation. 1937R. H. Lowie Hist. Ethnol. Theory x. 171 In 1909 Kroeber, while fruitfully paving the way for work on the linguistic categories embodied in kinship systems, denied any social determinants. 1945G. & M. Wilson Analysis of Social Change vi. 162 Any attempt to bolster up a legal system based on kinship is doomed to failure in an expanding society. 1949E. E. Evans-Pritchard in M. Fortes Social Struct. 101 Nuer themselves..see that it is undesirable to obliterate..the boundaries between kinship categories. 1949F. Eggan in Ibid. 121 One of the most significant advances in the study of kinship systems in modern times has been Professor A. R. Radcliffe-Brown's method of structural or sociological analysis. 1951R. Firth Elem. Social Organiz. i. 32 Other basic relations..are due to position in a kinship system. 1955M. Gluckman Custom & Conflict in Afr. iv. 99 Children are desired by a Zulu kinship-group because they strengthen it. 1957V. W. Turner Schism & Continuity in Afr. Soc. iii. 77 In most primitive societies social control at the local level is associated with position in the kinship structure. 1958A. R. Radcliffe-Brown Method in Social Anthropol. ii. iv. 171 The kin of any given person were classified into a limited number of categories, each denoted by one kinship term. 1969M. Fortes Kinship & Social Order (1970) p. vii, My thesis is that the structuralist theory and method of analysis in the study of kinship and social organization..stems directly from Morgan's work. 1970E. Leach Lévi-Strauss vi. 99 Ties of filiation and..ties of siblingship..provide the basic bricks out of which kinship systems are built up. 1971World Archaeol. III. 217 Ethnographic evidence therefore focuses on metalworking as a kinship or descent group-organized activity.
2. fig. Relationship in respect of qualities or character.
1873M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma (1876) 239 We see how far it has any kinship with that doctrine of the Godhead of the Eternal Son. 1878R. W. Dale Lect. Preach. iv. 90 Those mysterious instincts which vindicate our kinship to God. 1899W. M. Ramsay in Expositor Jan. 42 Peter was..among the older apostles..the one with whom Paul felt most kinship in spirit. |