| 释义 |
▪ I. whorl, n.|hwɔːl, hwɜːl|
Forms: α. 5 wharwyl, 5–9 wharle, 8–9 wharl. β. 5 whorwhil, (whorlwyl), qworle, 5–9 whorle, 6 whorlle, whorelle, Sc. quhorle, 8– whorl.
[late ME. wharwyl, whorwhil, app. variants of whirl (early forms disyllabic, e.g. wherwille, qwherel) influenced by wharve n.; but with the β-forms cf. early mod.Du. worvel, var. of wervel (Kilian).]
1. A small fly-wheel fixed on the spindle of a spinning-wheel to maintain or regulate the speed; a small pulley by which the spindle is driven in a spinning-machine. Also locally applied to small wheels or pulleys for other purposes.
αc1460Promp. Parv. 526/2 (Winch. MS.) Wharwyl of a spyndyl, vertebrum. 1483Cath. Angl. 417/1 A Wharle, giraculum, neopellum, vertibulum. 1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 628/2 Take out thy spindle & bryng me hither the wharle. 1566in Peacock Engl. Ch. Furnit. (1866) 170 One crwet defaced whearof was made wharles for spindels. 1589Shuttleworths' Acc. (Chetham Soc.) 55 Spindles and wharles ijd. 1828Craven Gloss., Wharle. 1884W. S. B. McLaren Spinning (ed. 2) 239 [They] drive this spindle by the friction of a very heavy collar on it against a large leather washer, which rests on the wharl.
βc1440Promp. Parv. 526/1 Whorlwyl, of a spyndyl (K. whorwhil, P. whorle), vertebrum. 1483Cath. Angl. 298 A Qworle of A roke. 1610R. Vaughan Water-Wks. O 4 b, The Stanke-royall (running on a whorle, his sluce being taken vp) is receiued by a Bastard-sluce. 1773Emerson Princ. Mech. (ed. 3) 189 Let EG be a spinning wheel,..whilst the rim makes 1 revolution, the twill makes 9, and the whorle and feathers 6. 1808Jamieson, Whorle, a very small wheel, as that in a child's cart. 1865Lubbock Preh. Times v. 133 Spindle whorls of rude earthenware were abundant in some of the Lake-villages even of the Stone age. 1886J. Barrowman Sc. Mining Terms 73 Whorls, pithead pulleys.
2. Bot. A set of members, as leaves, flowers, or parts of the flower, springing from the stem or axis at the same level and encircling it; a verticil. Also in Zool. a set of parts or structures, as scales or tentacles, similarly arranged.
[1551Turner Herbal i. G vj, The stalke is foure square,..where about doth grow in equal order,..certayne knoppes, lyke whorlles. 1578Lyte Dodoens ii. lxv. 232 The floures [of Pennyroyal] growe..about the stemmes like whorles or garlandes. ]1688Holme Armoury ii. 98/2 Rosemary, hath Wharles or small slender leaves set at distances about the stalk. Ibid. 106/1 Flowers set together in a Whorle or Coronett. 1713Petiver in Phil. Trans. XXVIII. 43 Its Spikes of Flowers are thick set in striated hairy whorls. 1837Penny Cycl. VII. 215/1 An orange..consists of one whorl of carpels, which are consolidated into a round fruit. 1860Sala Lady Chesterf. iv. 64 A flattened head,..a forked tongue, a body of scaly whorls. 1861Bentley Man. Bot. 358 A flower is said to be complete, when the four whorls,—calyx, corolla, stamens, and pistil are present. 1872H. A. Nicholson Palæont. 75 The stem terminates in a single polypite, the mouth of which is surrounded by a single whorl of slender processes or ‘tentacles’.
3. a. Conch. and Anat. Each of the turns, coils, or convolutions of a spiral shell, or of any spiral structure.
1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. II. 52 Shell conoid, with the whorls rounded or convex. 1855Tennyson Maud ii. ii. 6 See what a lovely shell, Small and pure as a pearl,..With delicate spire and whorl. 1890Billings Med. Dict., Whorl of heart, vortex of heart. [Ibid., Vortex of heart, the close spiral arrangement of fibres which occurs at the apex.]
b. A configuration in finger-prints.
1880, etc. [see loop n.1 4 h]. 1954F. Cherrill Cherrill of Yard vi. 62, I noticed particularly the patterns on the ends of the fingers, for they were of the whorl type. 1977Sci. Amer. Dec. 141/1 The resulting patterns are known to the dermatologist respectively as loops, triradii and whorls.
4. gen. A convolution, coil, curl, ‘wreath’ (esp. of something whirling, or suggesting a whirling movement).
1592R. D. Hypnerotomachia 51 The head of a Storke, with her beake against the open mouth of a Monster,..and certaine Whorelles or Beades rysing vp betwixt his mouth and her beake. 1851Nichol Archit. Heav. (ed. 9) 99 Intervals between successive whorls of the starry stream. 1863Baring-Gould Iceland xii. 210 Vast clouds of steam..roll in heavy whorls before the wind.
5. Comb., as whorl-flowered, whorl-leaved, whorl-shaped adjs.; whorl-flower, a plant of the genus Morina (N.O. Dipsacaceæ), having the flowers in dense whorls; whorl-grass, a grass of the genus Catabrosa.
1822Hortus Angl. II. 204 M[alva] Verticillata, Whorl-flowered Mallow. Ibid. 423 C[oreopsis] Verticillata, Whorl-leaved Coreopsis. 1850Daubeny Atom. The. xii. (ed. 2) 423 The parts of the pistils are disposed in a whorl-shaped manner around an..axis. 1861Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. (1900) IV. 69 Whorl-grass (Catabrosa). Water Whorl Grass (C. aquatica). Panicle with half whorls of spreading branches. 1884Miller Plant-n. 220 Morina longifolia, Long-leaved Whorl-flower.—persica, Persian Whorl-flower.
Hence whorl v. trans., (a) to draw up by means of a ‘whorl’ or pulley (local); (b) to arrange in whorls or convolutions.
1886J. Barrowman Sc. Mining Terms 73 The cage is said to be whorled when it is drawn up to or over the pulleys. 1904Daily Chron. 6 Aug. 4/5 The stars, braided and whorled in patterns too intricate for our eyes.
▪ II. whorl(e
see whirl v., whurl.
▪ III. whorl, v. (Formerly at whorl n.)|hwɔːl, hwɜːl|
[f. whorl n.]
1. intr. To form or imitate a whorl; to spiral or move in a twisting, convoluted fashion, whirl, swirl. Also fig. Freq. poet.
1805W. Clark in Orig. Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1905) III. 154, I deturmined [sic] to pass through this place notwithstanding the horrid appearance of this agitated gut swelling, boiling and whorling in every direction. 1962E. Birney Sel. Poems (1966) ii. 54 He knew what songs to ask for And out they came now whorling. 1978Amer. Speech LIII. 47 Dakin is puzzled by the fact that his isoglosses for five Southern or South Midland lexical items..do not bundle, but rather crisscross, loop, and whorl. 1979W. Zander Distances v. 64 Leaves poke out of the soil, or whorl Like green and newly discovered shells. 1988Los Angeles Times 26 June vi. 5/1 The river whorls through Manchuria.
2. trans.
a. To draw up by means of a ‘whorl’ or pulley. local.
1886J. Barrowman Gloss. Scotch Mining Terms 73 The cage is said to be whorled when it is drawn up to or over the pulleys.
b. To arrange in whorls or convolutions.
1904Daily Chron. 6 Aug. 4/5 The stars, braided and whorled in patterns too intricate for our eyes. |