| 释义 |
▪ I. kindle, n.|ˈkɪnd(ə)l|
Forms: 3 kundel, pl. -les, 4 pl. kyndles, -(e)lis, 5 -yll, kindil, 7, 9 kindle.
[Appears in early ME. (along with the cognate kindle v.2): app. a deriv. of cynd-, stem of ᵹecynd, kind n. Cf. G. kind child.]
†1.
a. The young (of any animal), a young one.
b. collect. A brood or litter (of kittens). Obs.
c1220Bestiary (Elephant) 620 Ðanne ȝe sal hire kindles beren, In water ȝe sal stonden. a1225Ancr. R. 82 Heo is neddre kundel. Ibid. 200 Þe Neddre of attri Onde haue[ð] seoue kundles. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 2 Joon baptist and crist clepede hem ypocritis and serpentis and addir kyndles. 1486Bk. St. Albans F vj, A Litter of welpis, a kyndyll of yong Cattis. 1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 132/1 [A company of] Cats [is] a Kindle. [An error of Holme.]
2. in kindle (of a hare): With young.
1877Daily News 23 July 2 A fine hare, and..a doe in kindle. Mod. Advt. 3 pure Belgian hare does, in kindle.
▪ II. kindle, v.1|ˈkɪnd(ə)l|
Forms: α. 3 kundlen, kindlen, (Orm. kinndlenn), 3–5 kindel(l, kyndel(l, -il(l, -yl(l, (4 kinl-, kynl-), 5–6 kyndle, 5– kindle (mod.Sc. kynnle, kinnle). β. 4–6 kendyl, (6 Sc. -yll), 5–6 Sc. -ill.
[app. f. ON. kynd-a to kindle (trans. and intr.) + -le: cf. ON. kyndill a candle, torch.
In most of the senses up may be added as an intensive.]
1. trans. To set fire to, set on fire, ignite, light (a flame, fire, or combustible substance).
c1200Ormin 16135 Hat lufess fir..Iss kinndledd i þatt herrte. a1300E.E. Psalter xvii. 9 Koles..Kindled ere of him glouand. c1300Havelok 915 Stickes kan ich breken and kraken, And kindlen ful wel a fyr. 1388Wyclif Judg. xv. 4 He..boond brondis in the myddis, whiche he kyndlid with fier. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 107 Dame..kendill on ane fyre. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop i. xiii, [He] put to gyder grete habondance of straws..and kyndeled it with fyre. 1582Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 24 Soom doe set on caldrons, oothers doe kendel a bauen. 1607Shakes. Cor. iii. i. 197 Fie, fie, fie, this is the way to kindle, not to quench. 1646Boyle Let. to Marcombes 22 Oct., Wks. 1772 I. p. xxxi, These two flints are striking such sparks, as are likely to kindle a fine bonfire for the English. 1707Watts Hymn ‘Come Holy Spirit, Heavenly Dove’ i, Kindle a Flame of sacred Love In these cold Hearts of ours. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. i. §11 A man must be a long time kindling wet straw into a vile smothering flame. 1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. I. 40 Kindle the phosphorus with a piece of bent iron brought to a state of ignition in the fire. 1863F. A. Kemble Resid. in Georgia 31 Bidding the elder boys and girls kindle up the fire. 1871R. H. Hutton Ess. II. 122 Wordsworth seems to kindle his own poetic flame like a blind man kindling his own fire.
2. intr. Of a fire, flame, or combustible matter: To begin to burn, catch fire, burst into flame.
a1225Ancr. R. 296 Þe sparke..keccheð more fur..And þe deouel bloweð to from þet hit erest kundleð. a1300E.E. Psalter lxxvii[i]. 25 [21] Fire kindeled ful brinnand þare In Iacob. 1495Trevisa's Barth. De P.R. xvii. iv. (W. de W.) 606 Gleymy fatnesse..of this tree Abies kyndlyth full soone and brennyth wyth lyght leyle. a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) P iij b, In great thycke and dry busshes, the fyres kendle moste easyly. 1679Bedloe Popish Plot 15 They know not how it [a fire] came to kindle there. 1719Young Busiris ii. i, Think not, Mandane, this a sudden start; A flash of love, that kindles and expires. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 45 A spark of heavenly fire..which kindles up and blazes in the hour of adversity. 1848C. Brontë J. Eyre xii, My eye..caught a light kindling in a window.
3. fig. trans.
a. To inflame, excite, rouse, inspire (a passion or feeling).
a1300Cursor M. 6791 And sal mi wrath be kindeld sua. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 240 Þis wolde kyndele oonhede and love. a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 64 It is the synne of pride, and engenderithe and kendelithe lechery. 1547–8Ordre of Commvnion 9 We kyndle Gods wrathe ouer vs. 1638Penit. Conf. viii. (1657) 235 Kindling in his heart faith, whereby he is justified. 1759Robertson Hist. Scot. ii. Wks. 1813 I. 145 The protestant army, whenever it came, kindled or spread the ardour of reformation. 1874Green Short Hist. iii. §5. 141 The wholesale pillage kindled a wide spirit of resistance.
b. To inflame, fire, excite, stir up (a person, the mind, etc.); to make ardent or eager. Const. † in († of), to, or with inf.
a1300Cursor M. 19436 (Cott.) Eth es to kindel þat es kene. c1340Ibid. 15390 (Trin.) Of al venym and of envye ful kyndeled he was. c1440Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (ed. 2) 227/620 Kindele þou me in charitee. a1547Surrey æneid ii. 131 This kindled us more egre to enquire. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. i. i. 179 Nothing remaines, but that I kindle the boy thither. 1657Trapp Comm. Nehem. i. 4 These good men..by mutual confidence kindle one another. 1775Johnson Tax. no Tyr. 21 Some discontented Lord..would..have quickly kindled with equal heat a troop of followers. 1824Byron Juan xvi. xli, The thrilling wires Died from the touch that kindled them to sound. 1871R. Ellis Catullus xvi. 9 It shall kindle an icy thought to courage.
c. To arouse or give rise to († care, trouble, etc. (obs.), war, strife).
a1300Cursor M. 24149 Ye Iuus þat kindeld all þis care. c1325Metr. Hom. 37 Thai kindel baret wit bacbiting. c1470Golagros & Gaw. 1121 It semyt be thair contenance that kendillit wes care. 1513Douglas æneis ix. viii. 99 As scho thus kyndillis sorow and wo. 1567Satir. Poems Reform. xi. 48 Throw the is kendlit ciuil weir. 1761Hume Hist. Eng. II. xxix. 151 He took measures for kindling a war with England. 1764Goldsm. Hist. Eng. in Lett. (1772) I. 95 The wars that were now kindled up between England and France. 1847Mrs. A. Kerr Hist. Servia 312 Time was gained for kindling the revolution in the neighbouring districts.
4. intr.
a. Of passion or feeling († care or trouble): To rise, to be aroused, to be excited.
c1340Cursor M. 6791 (Trin.) Þenne shal my wreche kyndel [other MSS. be Kindeld]. a1352Minot in Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 62 Rough-fute riveling, now kindels thi care. a1400–50Alexander 2724 Myn angire on þine arrogance sall at þe last kindill. 1508Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 94 Quhen kissis me that carybald, than kyndillis all my sorow. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. xlii. (1869) II. 553 Their mutual resentment again kindled. 1845M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 18 As their fury kindled, they pushed into the nave of the building.
b. To become inflamed, ardent, or warm; to glow with passion or excitement; to become eager or animated.
c1400Destr. Troy 6575 Then Alcanus, the kyng, kyndlit in yre. 1513More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 775 The Queene..began to kindle and chafe, and speake sore byting wordes. 1666Bunyan Grace Ab. §91 The words began thus to kindle in my spirit. 1794Godwin Cal. Williams 27 We are both apt to kindle, warm of resentment. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 97 He kindled into warmth with the ardour of his contest. 1888Burgon Lives 12 Gd. Men II. xii. 383 Very pleasant it was..to see the dear fellow kindle at the mention of Hebron and Jerusalem.
†c. To spread like fire. Obs. rare.
a1350St. Matthew 28 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 132 Þe meruailes of þir mawmettes two Thwrgh all þe cuntre kindeld so.
5. trans. To light up as with fire; to make bright or glowing. Also with up.
1715–20Pope Iliad ii. 537 The fires expanding..Shoot their long beams, and kindle half the skies. 1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxii, One of those intensely golden sunsets which kindles the whole horizon into one blaze of glory. 1860Hawthorne Marb. Faun 364 Brilliant costumes largely kindled up with scarlet. 1881Freeman Sk. Venice 95 The mighty campanile of Spalato rises, kindled with the last rays of sunlight.
b. intr. To become glowing or bright like fire.
1797Campbell Wounded Hussar iii, Dim was that eye,..That melted in love, and that kindled in war! 1810Southey Kehama vii. v, The Orient,..Kindles as it receives the rising ray. 1823F. Clissold Ascent Mt. Blanc 23 The western arc of the misty circle kindled, from a rosy to a deep reddening glow. 1865Kingsley Herew. xvii. Hereward's face reddened and his eyes kindled.
Hence kindled |ˈkɪnd(ə)ld| ppl. a.
c1440Promp. Parv. 275/1 Kynlyd, as fyyr.., accensus, succensus. 1561Norton & Sackv. Gorboduc ii. ii. (1847) 120 The fiery stedes did drawe the flame With wilder randon through the kindled skies. c1632Poem in Athenæum No. 2883. 121/3 When the furious Doggstarr raves throughout the Spanish soyle, which smoakes like kindled flax. 1767Sir W. Jones Seven Fountains in Poems (1777) 48 The magick water pierc'd his kindled brain. 1898Daily News 2 Apr. 5/5 The kindled sentiments of the Spaniards.
▪ III. kindle, v.2 Now dial.|ˈkɪnd(ə)l|
Forms: 3 kundlen, 5 kyndlyn, kyndel, -il, (6 -yll), 5–6 kyndle, 7 kindel(l, 6–8 kindle; 4–6 kendle; 4 kynel-, kinel-, 5 kynle(n, kinlyn, 8 kinnel, 9 dial. kinnle, kennel.
[Cf. kindle n.]
trans. Of a female animal: To bring forth, give birth to (young). Also fig.
c1220Bestiary 16 Wanne he is ikindled Stille lið ðe leun. a1225Ancr. R. 328 Euerich on [sin] kundleð more and wurse kundles þen þe sulue moder. a1300E.E. Psalter vii. 15 Bihald, he kyneld [v.r. kineled] un-rightwisnesse, Onfang sorwe and bare wickednesse. 1579–80North Plutarch (1895) III. 275 A rat was taken full of young, and kendled five young rats in the trappe. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iii. ii. 358 As the Conie that you see dwell where shee is kindled. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Rabbit, When a Doe has kinnell'd one Nest, and then kinnell'd another, the first must be taken from her.
b. absol. (Of hares or rabbits.)
c1310Prophecy (MS. Harl. 2253) in Thomas Erceld. (1875) Introd. 18 When hares kendles oþe herston. 1486Bk. St. Albans E iij, Now of the hare..Other while he is male..And other while female and kyndelis by kynde. 1530Palsgr. 598/2 A konny kyndylleth every moneth in the yere. 1614Markham Cheap Husb. (1623) 131 The Females [of Rabbits or Conies] after they have kindled, hide their young ones. 1781W. Blane Ess. Hunt. (1788) 102 The Doe makes choice of some thick dry brake..to kindle in. 1810Treat. Live Stock 170 (E.D.D.) The males or bucks should be parted from the does, or females, till the latter kindle. 1828Craven Dial., Kinnle, to bring forth young.
†c. intr. To be born. Obs. rare.
a1400–50Alexander 696 Þat euer he kyndild [Dubl. MS. come] of his kynde kend he bot litill. |