| 释义 |
▪ I. whiting, n.|ˈhwaɪtɪŋ|
Forms: 5–6 whytynge, whitynge, (5 wytenge, -yng), 6 whyting, -yng, whityng, -inge, 7 whytting, Sc. quhiting, quhittine, 8 whitting, Sc. whyten, 8–9 Sc. whiten, 6– whiting.
[ad. (M)Du. wijting, also † wittingh, MLG. wîtink ‘aculeja’, ‘amia’, ‘asellus’; app. f. white a. + -ing3. (The formal analogue ON. hvítingr = a kind of whale, etc.) Cf. whitefish.]
1. a. A gadoid fish of the genus Merlangus, esp. M. vulgaris, a small fish with pearly white flesh, abundant off the coast of Great Britain, and highly esteemed as food.
14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 705/23 Hic glaucus, a whytynge. c1425Voc. ibid. 642/8 Hic clamitus, wytyng. 1433Stonor Papers (Camden) I. 49 In xij podryd [= powdered] wytyng, viij d. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII. 23 b, He robbed certein poore Fisshermen of Whitynges. 1620Venner Via Recta iv. 76 The Whiting, notwithstanding that it is vnsauourie, and nourisheth very litle, is of some greatly..commended. 1664in Maitl. Club Misc. (1840) II. 505 For a dishe of quhitingis 001 16 00. Ibid. 506 For a dishe of dryed quhittines 003 00 00. 1721in W. Macfarlane Geogr. Collect. (S.H.S.) I. 39 The seas abound with..Turbet, Scate, Mackrel, Haddocks, whittings. 1724Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) I. 91 And there will be partans and buckies And whytens and speldings enew. 1769Pennant Brit. Zool. III. 155 Whitings appear in vast shoals on our seas in the spring. 1843Penny Cycl. XXVII. 347/1 Whiting..is easily distinguished from the cod, haddock, and bib by the absence of the barbule on the chin.
b. Locally applied to fishes of other genera.
(a) Some fresh-water fish found in Wales; also, a name on the Solway Firth and in the south of Scotland for a small fish of the salmon family, of uncertain identity, perhaps the young of the salmon-trout, Salmo trutta (cf. whitling). (b) In U.S., A fish of the genus Menticirrhus; also applied to the silver hake, and to the menhaden. (c) In Australia, A fish of the genus Sillago: see quot. 1882. (d) blue whiting, an oceanic fish of the cod family, Micromesistius poutassou, found in north-western Europe and the Mediterranean; = poutassou.
1587Churchyard Worthines of Wales N, A Poole there is, through which this Cloyd doth passe, Where is a Fish, that some a Whiting call. 1774Ann. Reg., Misc. Ess. 163 [Bala] lake produces very fine trout, and a fish called whiting, peculiar to itself. 1795Statist. Acc. Scot. XIV. 410 There is abundance of fish,..in Esk,..such as salmon, grilse, sea trout, and whitens. 1873T. Gill Catal. Fishes E. Coast N. Amer. 18 Merlucius bilinearis..American hake; silver hake (Maine); whiting (Mass.). Ibid. 27 Menticirrus alburnus..Carolina whiting. Ibid., Menticirrus nebulosus..King-fish; whiting. 1882J. E. Tenison-Woods Fish N.S.W. 65 The ‘whitings’ are not like those of Europe. There are..four Australian species—the common sand whiting (Sillago maculata),..the trumpeter whiting (Sillago bassensis),.. Sillago punctata, the whiting of Melbourne..and Sillago ciliata. 1888Goode Amer. Fishes 81 The Norfolk Hog-fish Pomodasys fulvomaculatus..is the..‘Pork-fish’ and ‘Whiting’ at Key West. 1959A. C. Hardy Open Sea II. xi. 229 The blue whiting..lives over the deep water off the edge of the continental shelf. 1974Guardian 20 Mar. 11/1 The blue whiting..cod-like in taste and texture, slender in shape, about a foot long. 1977Grimsby Even. Tel. 5 May 8/4 Certainly its size makes it an easier fish to process than the more publicised blue whiting.
2. Allusive uses of sense 1.
a. In proverbial phr.
With quot. 1721 cf. white a. 10.
1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 64 There lepte a whityng (quoth she) and lept in streite. 1570Marr. Wit. & Sci. iv. i, But he that takes not such time while he maye, Shal leape at a whyting when time is a waye. 1670Ray Prov. 199 To let leap a whiting. i.e. To let slip an opportunity. 1721Kelly Sc. Prov. 158 He gave me Whitings, but Bones. That is, he gave me fair Words. The Scots call Flatteries Whitings, and Flatterers white People. 1808Jamieson s.v. Quhyte, A proverbial phrase, still used to denote flattery: ‘He kens how to butter a whiting.’
†b. As a term of endearment: cf. whiting-mop (see 5). Also whiting's eye, an amorous look, a leer.
a1529Skelton E. Rummyng 223 He callyth me his whytyng. 1673Wycherley Gent. Dancing-Master iv. i, I saw her..give him the languishing Eye,..the Whitings Eye, of old called the Sheeps Eye.
†3. = white pudding: see white a. 11 e. Obs.
1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. 159 As the Darbyshire huswife [sorts out] her puddings when she makes whitings and blackings, and liverings and hackings.
4. (See quot.)
1792G. Cartwright Jrnl. Labrador III. p. x, Whitings, trees which have been barked, and left standing.
5. attrib. and Comb. (in sense 1), as whiting-ground [ground n. 12], whiting-monger, whiting-season; † whiting-mop, a young whiting; also as a term of endearment for a girl (see mop n.4). Also in names of fishes resembling the whiting, as whiting perch, pollack, pout (n.1), salmon (see quots.).
1891Daily News 31 Oct. 6/5 About two hundred fishing boats were lying at anchor off the edge of the *whiting grounds about three miles outside Plymouth breakwater.
1599Nashe Lenten Stuff 29 Colchester oystermen, or *whiting-mungers and sprot-catchers.
1803Shaw Gen. Zool. IV. 548 *Whiting Perch. Perca Alburnus.
1686Ray Willughby's Hist. Pisc. iv. ii. 167 Asellus Huitingo-Pollachius:..A *Whiting Pollack. 1758Descr. Thames 222 The Whiting-Pollack..has this Name given it here, from its Likeness to a Whiting. 1862Ansted Channel Isl. ii. ix. 211 Next..in abundance are the whiting pollack..and the gar-fish or green bone.
a1672Willughby Hist. Pisc. (1686) Tab. L. membr. i. n. 4 Asellus mollis latus. *Whiting Poutes Londinensibus. 1758Descr. Thames 222 The Whiting-Pout is remarkably broad, in Proportion to its Length.
1804Shaw Gen. Zool. V. 54 *Whiting Salmon, Salmo Phinoc.
1791W. Gilpin Forest Scenery ii. 190 In the *whiting-season..fleets of twenty or thirty boats are often seen lying at anchor on the banks.
▪ II. whiting, vbl. n.|ˈhwaɪtɪŋ|
Forms: 1 hwiting, 5 whytyng(e, wytyng, whittyng, 5–6 whityng, 6 whyghtynge, whighting, whitting(e, 6–7 whitinge, 7 whiteing, whyting, whytting, 8 whiten, 6– whiting.
[f. white v.1 + -ing1.]
I. The action of the verb.
†1. The action or process of making white; whitening. Obs.
a. by covering or coating with white: Whitewashing. Also fig.
c1440Pallad. on Husb. i. 413 For whytyng that lyme is conuenyent. 1495–6Rec. St. Mary at Hill (1904) 220 Payd to Symon dawber for whittyng of the chyrch, v days iij s. 1540Dunmow Churchw. Acc. lf. 31 (MS) For whyghtynge of the porche. 1605Shuttleworths' Acc. (Chetham Soc.) 169 A plasterer, viij days and halfe whytting of the dyning chamber roffe..iiijs iijd. 1663Gerbier Counsel 81 Whiting and Stopping of fret seelings.
fig.1628A. Leighton Appeal to Parlt. 186 In this case, the whiting, daubing, or palliating will not serve.
b. by depriving of colour: Bleaching.
1477Act 17 Edw. IV. c. 4 Whityng & anelyng de tewle appellez pleintile. 1594Plat Jewell-ho. i. 58 For the speedier whiting of yarne. 1620in Foster Engl. Factories India (1906) 192 The whitster..detaynes them in whitinge and starchinge about three mounthes. 1683Lond. Gaz. No. 1801/4 A convenient piece of Ground..for whiting of Linnen Cloth.
2. Printing. The use of ‘white’ (cf. white n. 7 a and a. 2 d).
1884Athenæum 24 May 658 The variety of type and the liberal whiting are quite luxurious.
II. concr.
3. A preparation of finely powdered chalk, used for whitewashing, cleaning plate, and various other purposes.
In OE. only in Comb. hwítingmelu ‘whiting meal’.
c1440Promp. Parv. 525/2 Whytynge, or mater to make whyghte of.., albatura, candidacium. 1633–4Althorp MS. in Simpkinson Washingtons (1860) App. p. lxiii, 12 balls of whiteing to scowre the plate. 1690Sir J. Foulis Acc. Bk. (S.H.S.) 129 To meg for whyting for teeth, 2 18 0. 1799G. Smith Laboratory I. 143 Take some whiten,..lay your foils upon it, and..polish your foils. 1844Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. VII. 150/1 Anoint the segments..with thin putty, made with fine whiting and some of the linseed oil. 1880Baring-Gould Mehalah viii, You cannot clean a deck with whiting, you must take holystone.
III. 4. attrib. and Comb., as (in sense 1 a) whiting brush, whiting work; (in sense 1 b) whiting ground, whiting time; (in sense 3) whiting-manufacturer.
1611Cotgr., Escouëtte,..*whiting brush.
1692Specif. Patent No. 256 (Patent Office) Erected a bucking house, fitted and prepared a *whiteing ground.
1813Examiner 22 Mar. 183/2 M. Price,..*whiting-manufacturer.
1598Shakes. Merry W. iii. iii. 140 It is *whiting time, send him by your two men to Datchet-Meade.
c1440Pallad. on Husb. i. 407 Eek *whyting werk is thyng of gret delyte.
▪ III. whiting
obs. form of whitten. |