| 释义 |
▪ I. kelp1|kɛlp|
Forms: 4 culp, 7 kilpe, 7– kelp.
[ME. culp or culpe (y), of unknown origin. Of this the normal mod. repr. would be kilp; kelp is app. a dialect variation: cf. melt and milt n.]
1. a. A collective name for large seaweeds (chiefly Fucaceæ and Laminariaceæ) which are burnt for the sake of the substances found in the ashes.
bull-head kelp, a N.W. American species (Nereocystis Luetkeana) used by the Indians for fishing-lines.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 181 As culpes of þe see waggeþ wiþ þe water. 1601Holland Pliny II. xxxii. vi. 437 As for the reits Kilpe, Tangle, & such like sea-weeds, Nicander saith, they are as good as treacle. 1663Boyle Exp. Hist. Colours xlix. Ann. i, In making our ordinary allom the workmen use the ashes of a sea-weed (vulgarly called kelp). 1791T. Newte Tour Eng. & Scot. 112 The cutting and burning of the kelp that grows on their shores. 1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xiv. 35 We found the tide low, and the rocks and stones covered with kelp and sea-weed.
b. spec. The giant or great kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera or Fucus giganteus) of the Pacific coast of America, the largest of seaweeds.
1834Darwin in Voy. ‘Adventure’ & ‘Beagle’ (1839) III. 303 There is one marine production, which from its importance is worthy of a particular history. It is the kelp or Fucus giganteus of Solander. 1897F. T. Bullen Cruise of ‘Cachalot’ 88 We were continually passing broad patches of kelp..whose great leaves and cable-laid stems made quite reef-like breaks in the heaving waste of the restless sea.
2. The calcined ashes of seaweed used in commerce for the sake of the carbonate of soda, iodine, and other substances which they contain; large quantities were formerly used in the manufacture of soap and glass.
1678Phil. Trans. XII. 1054 Kelp is made of a Sea⁓weed, called Tangle, such as comes to London on Oysters. 1756C. Lucas Ess. Waters I. 9 [It] is the nitre of the antients, not unlike the soda or kelp of the moderns. 1808Gazetteer Scotl. (ed. 2) s.v. Gigha, Much sea-weed..partly employed as a manure, and partly burned into kelp. 1862Ansted Channel Isl. iv. xxii. 514 The quantity of weed required to manufacture a ton of kelp averages twenty tons.
†3. A name for the plants Salsola and Salicornia: cf. kali1 1. Obs. rare.
1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 101 A Plant..which the Botanists call Kali..and we..Kelp. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 316 Kelp, Salicornia.
4. attrib. and Comb., as kelp-ashes, kelp-burner, kelp-burning, kelp-making, kelp-weed, kelp-wrack; kelp crab, a spider crab, Pugettia producta, found on the Pacific coast of North America; kelp-fish, the name given to several fishes found on the Pacific coast of the United States; see also quot.; kelp-goose, -hen (see quots.); kelp-pigeon, the sheathbill, an Antarctic sea-bird; kelp raft, a mass of kelp floating on the sea.
1834Brit. Husb. I. 420, 6 bushels of *kelp-ashes.
1895Outing (U.S.) XXVI. 355/1 The long swells..only half broken by the *kelp belt a mile away.
1845Selby in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club II. No. 13. 161 These buildings have..been occupied..by the *kelp-burners.
Ibid. 162 *Kelp-burning was carried on at Holy Island as early as the 13th century.
1884Bull. U.S. Nat. Museum No. 27. 112 The *Kelp Crabs are used by the natives. 1939Ricketts & Calvin Between Pacific Tides i. 80 A dark, olive-green, spider crab, Pugettia producta, occurs so frequently on strands of the seaweed Egregia and others that it is commonly called the kelp crab. The points on the carapace and the spines on the legs are sharp. 1954S. F. Light et al. Intertidal Invertebr. Cent. Calif. Coast 342 A few organisms (e.g. the kelp crab Pugettia producta..) graze directly on the larger attached algae.
1880Günther Fishes 533 The ‘Butter-fish’, or ‘*Kelp fish’ of the colonists of New Zealand (Coridodax pullus)... It feeds on zoophytes, scraping them from the surface of the kelp.
1883Coppinger Cruise ‘Alert’ 56 The *kelp-geese (Bernicla antarctica) were paddling about with their young ones.
1899Evans Birds 247 These Rails are semi-nocturnal..Ocydromus fuscus [of N.Z.] obtaining the name of *Kelp-Hen from the stretches of sea-weed that it frequents.
1884Harper's Mag. VII. 706/2 They caught gulls, and tried to make them carry *kelp lines, but all was of no avail.
1810Edin. Rev. XVII. 146 The introduction of *kelp-making.
1886Encycl. Brit. XXI. 782/2 note, In the Falkland Isles it is called the ‘*Kelp-Pigeon’.
1897Outing (U.S.) XXX. 259/1 We drew in toward the island..avoiding the great *kelp rafts.
1805Naval Chron. XIV. 38 The *kelp-weed..lying upon the Shore.
1833Sir J. E. Smith Eng. Flora V. 268 It [Fucus nodosus] is said in the Hebrides to be preferable to all other Fuci in the manufacturing of kelp, and passes there under the name of *kelp-wrack.
Hence ˈkelper, a maker of kelp. ˈkelping vbl. n., the manufacture of kelp; ppl. a., that makes kelp. ˈkelpy a., abounding in kelp.
1808Forsyth Beauties Scotl. V. 100 The kelpers might employ their time between tides. 1822P. Woodley Scilly Isl. i. v. 119 The Islanders seldom get more..than from {pstlg}7 to {pstlg}10, for their labours during the kelping season. 1852Raine Hist. N. Durham 146 A ridge of kelpy stone, over which it is no easy matter to pass. 1890Scribner's Mag. XIX. 659/1 The mother..struck out through the kelpy waters for the shore. 1895Longm. Mag. Nov. 33 The kelper's year may be reckoned from mid November. Ibid. 39 The old stories linger among the kelping people.
▪ II. † kelp2 Obs. rare—1.
[Obscure: connexion with kilp n. seems unlikely.]
? Sword-belt, scabbard.
13..Disp. Mary & Cross 283 in Leg. Rood 140 His swerd he pulte vp in his kelp.
▪ III. † kelp3 Obs. slang.|kɛlp|
Also kilp.
[Origin unknown.]
A hat. Hence kelp v. trans. (see quot. 1812).
1736J. Cole in Ordinary of Newgate, his Account i. 13/2, I and Thomas Campson..broke open a Hatters..and robbed it of three Dozen of Kilps. 1753J. Poulter Discoveries (ed. 2) 26 We jostle him up, and one knocks his Kelp off. 1812J. H. Vaux Vocab. Flash Lang. in Mem. (1964) 247 Kelp, a hat; to kelp a person, is to move your hat to him. |