| 释义 |
Kalmuck|ˈkælmʌk|
Also 8 -muc, 9 -muk, -myk, 7–9 Calmuc(k.
[Russ. kalmȳ́k.]
1. a. A member of a Mongolian people living on the north-west shores of the Caspian Sea. Also attrib. or as adj.
1613Purchas Pilgrimage iv. xiii. 358 Master Ienkinson mentioneth a Nation liuing among the Tartars, called Kings; which are also Gentiles, as are also the Kirgessen..and the Colmackes, which worship the sunne. 1617Ibid. (ed. 3) iv. xv. 482 There are some..which are not Mahumetans, nor shaue their haire of their heads after the Tartarian manner; and therefore they call them Calmuck or Pagans. 1757J. Dyer Fleece iv. 126 The Cossac there, The Calmuc, and Mungalian, round the bales In crouds resort. 1783W. Tooke tr. Georgi's Russia IV. 121 The dwellings of the heathenish and christian Kalmucs. Ibid. 125 The Kalmuc hords on the Volga. 1822Byron Juan vii. lviii. 273 Suwarrow, who was standing in his shirt Before a company of Calmucks. 1882R. L. Stevenson New Arabian Nights (ed. 2) II. 66 His broken nose and high cheekbones gave him somewhat the air of a Kalmuck. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXX. 8/2 Kalmyk, or Kalmuck Steppe, a territory or reservation belonging to the Kalmyks. 1903Ld. R. Gower Rec. & Reminisc. 430 A man..with a rather Kalmuk-featured face and white curly hair. 1963V. Nabokov Gift ii. 114 The compact, sturdy Kalmuk ponies walk in single file forming echelons. 1972J. Poyer Chinese Agenda (1973) xiii. 180 A caravan of Kalmuck traders. Ibid. 181 These Kalmucks are strictly traders.
b. The language of this people, belonging to the Ural-Altaic group.
1883Encycl. Brit. XVI. 750/2 The Kalmuk and East Mongolian dialects do not differ much... In Kalmuk..the guttural can only be traced through the lengthening of the syllable. 1947[see Buriat].
2. (With small initial letter.) A kind of shaggy cloth, resembling bearskin (see also quot. 1940).
1860S. Jubb Hist. Shoddy-Trade 40 A cloth called calmucks..has..replaced ‘short ends’. 1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 128/1 Calmuc, a coarse type of wool, from the Khirghiz district, Central Asia.
Hence Kalˈmuckian a.
1727J. G. Scheuchzer tr. Kæmpfer's Hist. Japan I. i. vi. 90 The Prince of the Calmuckian Tartars. |