| 释义 |
justiciar|dʒʌˈstɪʃɪə(r)|
Also justitiar, -cier.
[ad. med.L. jūstitiārius: cf. next. Justiciar and justiciary are not contemporary names, but appear in the 15th and the 16th c. respectively, as adaptations of the med.L. See also justicer.]
1. Eng. Hist. The chief political and judicial officer under the Norman and early Plantagenet kings, who represented the king in all relations of state, acting as regent in his absence and as royal deputy in his presence, and presiding over the Curia Regis. Called more fully Capital or Chief Justiciar: = justiciary n.1 1.
The office of justiciar came to an end in the 13th cent., his judicial functions passing to the Lord Chief Justice.
[a1135in Rymer Fœdera I. 12 Coram me vel capitali Justiciario meo. 1214Ibid. 181 Sciatis quod constituimus Justiciarium nostrum angliæ Venerabilem patrem nostrum Dominum P. Winton. Episcopum.] 1579–80North Plutarch (1656) 449 note, The Greek hath it only thus, ‘are called Victory’, as it were in the abstract, as we call Our Lord Chief Justice, who is but a Justiciar. 1598Stow Surv. xxxii. (1603) 288 Hubert, ArchBishop of Canterburie, and Iusticier of England [in the year 1197]. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. vi. §3 Robert Earle of Leicester, Chiefe Iusticiar of England. 1876Freeman Norm. Conq. V. xxiv. 432 The Justiciar, chief administrator of the law,..was, while his office lasted, the most powerful subject in the realm.
2. A judge presiding over, or belonging to, one of the king's superior courts, or exercising special judicial functions: = justice 9 a. Obs. exc. Hist.
[1215Magna Charta c. 18 Mittemus duos Justiciarios per unumquemque comitatum per quattuor vices in anno. c1220Jocelin de Brakelond Chron. (Camden) 71 Venit tamen in questionem coram justitiariis ad scaccarium. c1250Bracton ii. i. vii. §2 Habet etiam [rex] curiam et iustitiarios in banco residentes..Habet etiam iustitiarios itinerantes de comitatu in comitatum. ]1485Rolls Parlt. VI. 348 The offices of Lieutenauntshipp, Justiciar and Chamberlaynshipp, of Carmardeynshire and Cardeganshire. c1575Balfour's Practicks (1754) 140 Without speciall command of the King, or of the Justiciar of the forest. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. ix. (1623) 626 Another of the Kings Justiciars..was so confidently greedy that in one circuit he appropriated to himselfe aboue two hundreth pound lands. 1640Yorke Union Hon. 14 Roger de Clifford..whom the King had despatched into those parts, as Justiciar of all Wales. 1897Maitland Domesday & Beyond 101 French justiciars and French clerks have become the exponents of English law.
b. In Scotland, under the early kings, the title of two supreme judges, having jurisdiction north and south of Forth respectively. Obs. exc. Hist.
[1318Sc. Acts 13 Robt. I, c. 4 §2 Ballivus in cuius ballia talis malefactor moratur habeat mandatum iusticiarii infra cuius iusticiariam transgressio facta fuit.] 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 21 [transl. prec.] The Ballie or Judge, within quhais jurisdiction the malefactor dwelis, sall haue ane command of the Justitiar, within quhais Justitiarie the crime is committed. Ibid. 58 It is statute, that Justitiars salbe beath vpon the southside, and the northside of the water of Forth. 1828–40Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) I. 248 William the Lion..appears to have changed or new modelled these offices, by the creation of two great judges named Justiciars.
3. gen. An administrator of justice; one who maintains or executes justice: = justicer 1, 2.
1623Kings of Scot. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III. 462 He was a good justiciar, in whose time there was a law made, that [etc.]. a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Poems 195 Ah spare this Monument, great Guests it keeps, Three grave Justiciars. 1651N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. ii. xxvi. (1739) 115 The Duke of Suffolk..he suffered to be tried..for a Murder done upon a mean person, and by such means obtained the repute of a zealous Justiciar. a1734North Life Ld. Guildford (1808) I. 2 Considering the value of this great justitiar [Lord Keeper North].
4. Used to designate various foreign officials and functionaries.
1851Sir F. Palgrave Norm. & Eng. I. 86 He was one of the Commissioners or Justiciars deputed to England as soon as Richard died. 1898Daily News 25 Oct. 3/3 The narrative is put into the mouth of Hugo Gottfried, only son of the hereditary Executioner. For fourteen generations the Gottfrieds have held the office of Justiciar.
†5. Theol. = justiciary 5. Obs.
1772Fletcher Logica Genev. 120 Against whom have you employed your pen..Is it only against the proud justiciars?
Hence juˈsticiarship, the office of justiciar.
1677Spottiswood's Hist. Ch. Scot. App. 36 King Charles..gave him the hereditary Justiciarship. 1867Pearson Hist. Eng. II. 2 The intrusion of foreign favourites into bishoprics and Justiciarships. |