| 释义 |
▪ I. † ˈanalyse, n. Obs.
Also 8 -ise.
[a. Fr. analyse (not in Cotgr. 1611; cf. It. analísi, Florio 1598), f. med.L. analysis.]
= analysis.
a1638Mede Wks. i. ii. 4 The words..are few, and therefore shall need no other Analyse than what their very number presents unto us. 1642Rogers Naaman 293 The Analyse I gave of the contents of this Verse. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 276 Without any further Analyse I shall guide my exposition by the order of the verses. c1730Bolingbroke Fragm. (1777) lii, To begin this analise.
▪ II. analyse, -ze, v.|ˈænəlaɪz|
Also 7–9 analize, 8 analise.
[a. mod.Fr. analyse-r (= faire l'analyse), f. analyse analysis; see prec. (It might also have been formed in Eng. itself on the prec. n.) On Greek analogies the vb. would have been analysize, Fr. analysiser, of which analyser was practically a shortened form, since, though following the analogy of pairs like annexe, annexe-r, it rested chiefly on the fact that by form-assoc. it appeared already to belong to the series of factitive vbs. in -iser, Eng. -ize, = L. -īzāre, f. Gr. -ίζ-ειν, to which in sense it belonged. Hence from the first it was commonly written in Eng. analyze, the spelling accepted by Johnson, and historically quite defensible. The objection that this assumes a Gr. ἀναλύζ-ειν itself assumes that analyse is formed on Gr. ἀναλύσ-ειν, which is etymologically impossible and historically untrue.]
Prim. sign. To take to pieces; to separate, distinguish, or ascertain the elements of anything complex, as a material collection, chemical compound, light, sound, a miscellaneous list, account or statement, a sentence, phrase, word, conception, feeling, action, process, etc.
I. Generally.
†1. Of things material: To dissect, decompose. Obs. in general sense.
1601B. Jonson in Chester's Loves Mart. 186 (title) The Phœnix Analysde. 1655Gouge Comm. Hebr. Pref. Verses, Its clear Analysis the Text unties: 'Twas sad that death did th'Author analyze. 1794Sullivan View Nat. I. 96 The elements of the fruit itself, after having analyzed and dissected it.
2. Of things immaterial: (see prim. sign. above.)
1758Johnson Idler No. 18 ⁋4 Careful to analyze their enjoyments. 1794Burke Wks. 1842 II. 476 Otherwise we should dispute all the points of morality..we should analyze all society. a1832Sir J. Macintosh Bacon & Locke Wks. 1846 I. 327 That incapacity of being analyzed, in which they agree with all other simple ideas. 1843Mill Logic (1868) Introd. 12, I shall attempt to analyse the process of inference. 1860Tyndall Glac. ii. §24. 358 Means of analysing the internal constitution of a glacier. 1871Darwin Desc. Man I. iii. 79 No one, I presume, can analyse the sensations of pleasure and pain. 1873Bain Logic II. 400 The use of the Syllogism may be expressed as analyzing or separating..the three parts of a step of reasoning. 1881Med. Temp. Jrnl. No. 49. 23 If we analyse these returns for England and Wales, we find no rule.
3. a. Hence, to examine minutely, so as to determine the essential constitution, nature, or form, apart from extraneous and accidental surroundings.
1809Syd. Smith Wks. 1859 I. 178/1 If by a simple pleasure is meant one, the cause of which can be easily analysed. 1817Coleridge Biog. Lit. I. x. 213 Having first explicitly defined and analized the nature of Jacobinism. 1833Marryat Pet. Simple 1 As well as I can recollect and analyse my early propensities. 1854Hodgson in R. Inst. Lect. 283 Exchange..is, in all cases, when analyzed, simply each man's giving something that he wants less, for something else that he wants more.
b. Short for psychoanalyse v.
1909A. A. Brill tr. Freud's Sel. Pap. Hysteria (1912) 122 In those patients whom I have analyzed there existed psychic health until..there appeared an experience..that the person decided to forget. 1919M. K. Bradby Psycho-analysis x. 126, I have had no nightmare..since I was analysed. 1921Rose Macaulay Dangerous Ages v. §4, I think you'd be awfully wise to get analysed. 1958Times Lit. Suppl. 28 Mar. 173/4 (heading) The Analysts Analysed.
4. a. to analyse away: to get rid of by a process of analysis.
1877R. H. Hutton Ess. (ed. 2) I. 43 This attempt to analyse away the positive additions of creative power.
b. to analyse out: to discover or isolate by a process of analysis. Hence, colloq. to work out the elements of (a situation): see quot. 1952.
1890W. James Princ. Psychol. I. xiii. 503 If any single quality or constituent..of such an object, have previously been known by us isolatedly,..then that constituent..may be analysed out from the total impression. 1952M. McCarthy Groves of Academe (1953) ix. 169 ‘It's a dead give⁓away, Domna,’ he expatiated. ‘Analyse it out for yourself.’ 1954Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. May 146 It is possible to isolate g [sc. factor in intelligence], and progressively to analyse out the verbal, spatial and other content factors. 1958Spectator 30 May 692/1 The author of our study would need to look into these and analyse out some common factors.
II. Specifically.
5. Chem. & Physics. To ascertain the elements (proximate or ultimate) of any compound; hence, to ascertain whether it contains any extraneous substances. To separate light into its prismatic constituents.
1667Boyle Orig. Forms & Qual., Analiz'd by Distillation. a1691― (J.) Chymistry enabling us to depurate bodies, and..to analyze them. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §192 He taught me how to analyze limestones. 1831Brewster Optics xxi. 184 The plate B is called the analysing plate, because its use is to analyse, or separate into its parts, the light transmitted. 1874Schorlemmer Chem. Carb. Comp. 16 If the body to be analysed contains nitrogen. Mod. Samples of water from these wells have been analyzed.
6. Literature. To examine critically so as to bring out the essential elements, or give the essence of (a treatise or any part of it).
a1619M. Fotherby Atheomast. ii. xiii. §2. 350 Logicke teacheth the Preacher, to Analize and diuide his Text. 1646Burd. Issachar in Phenix (1708) II. 264 The first analyseth, interpreteth, and taketh away the doubts of his Text. 1815Moore Veiled Proph. Epil. (1824) 126 He then proceeded to analyse the poem. 1868Arber Milton's Areop. Introd., Its [a book's] contents may be analysed as to their intrinsic truthfulness or falsity.
7. Gram. To distinguish the grammatical elements of a word, phrase, or sentence; esp. (since 1852) To resolve a sentence into elements performing distinct functions in the expression of thought.
1724[See analysis 6.] 1750Johnson Rambl. No. 88 ⁋2 The employment..of analysing lines into syllables. 1867Morell Eng. Gramm. 46 Method of analysing Simple Sentences. 1870Daily News 16 Apr., She will take rhetoric..and also attempt to ‘analyse’ Milton's ‘Paradise Lost’ into subjects and predicates.
8. Mus. To provide an analysis of (analysis 10).
1885G. B. Shaw How to become Musical Critic (1960) 110 When the work analyzed is a familiar one..the analysis..is a stereotyped reprint. 1890Ibid. 189 A calm confidence in his power..to ‘analyze’ the last movement of the Jupiter Symphony. 1935D. F. Tovey Ess. Mus. Analysis I. 1 If the defects of the works analysed are too notorious to be ignored, he must [etc.].
9. Philos. To subject to logical or philosophical analysis (see analysis 9).
1910,1958[see analysis 9 b]. |