| 释义 |
▪ I. jumper, n.1|ˈdʒʌmpə(r)|
[f. jump v. + -er1.]
One who or that which jumps.
1. a. A man or animal that jumps or leaps.
1611Cotgr., Sautier, a leaper, iumper, skipper. 1812Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 15 Almost as great a jumper as himself. 1886Coventry & Watson Steeple-chasing iv, However much a horse may answer to the description of a natural jumper, he has to learn to be clever.
b. A ticket-inspector or ticket-collector. slang.
1900Westm. Gaz. 4 May 8/2 The..duties of the ‘'bus-jumper’—the ghostlike functionary who appears on the top of a 'bus and demands a sight of your ticket. 1906Daily Chron. 24 July 3/7 It was not a fact that unless the ‘jumpers’—travelling ticket inspectors—made a certain number of reports they were discharged. 1931Evening Express (Aberdeen) 4 Apr., It is not at all uncommon for a ‘jumper’ to find that fifty per cent. of the occupants of a second class compartment have only third class tickets. 1937Daily Express 21 Jan. 3/4 If you use a second [class carriage] with a ‘third’ ticket, watch for the ‘jumpers’, ready to pounce and demand excess. 1966H. Sheppard Dict. Railway Slang (ed. 2) 7 Jumper, travelling ticket collector.
c. Basketball. A jump-ball or jump-shot; a player of such a ball or shot.
1937F. C. Allen Better Basketball ii. xiii. 182 Any jumper must keep his eyes fixed upon the ball until it is tapped. He must always play the ball and not the other jumper. Ibid. 188 Many jumpers are taught illegally to jump sooner than their opponent in order to get above him. 1958F. McGuire Offensive Basketball ii. 75 Getting possession of the ball depends upon a number of items which are more or less related. First comes the leaping and timing ability of the jumper. Ibid. 112 The two-hand overhead jump shot is made in the same manner as the one-hand jumper except that the ball is carried above the head instead of over the shoulder. 1969Z. Hollander Mod. Encycl. Basketball 121/2 Lucus..could also score on jumpers from the corner. 1969Eugene (Oregon) Register-Guard 3 Dec. 3D/4 The Vikings took the lead on Snider's free throw with 46 seconds left, but Steve Halberg hit a 15-foot jumper to put the Irish back on top and North couldn't come up with an equalizer.
2. A name applied to the members of a body of Methodists which arose in Wales about the middle of the eighteenth century, who used to jump and dance as a part of religious worship; applied also to more recent sects following similar practices.
1774in Sidney Rowl. Hill (1834) 101 Nothing..made him so angry as the enthusiasm of the jumpers, whom he called the caricaturists of religion. 1802Public Characters 552 The Jumpers in Wales have started up as a sect within the last half century. 1852M. W. Savage R. Medlicott iii. xii. (D.), Jenny [was] a Welshwoman; her rude forefathers were goat-herds on week-days, and Jumpers on Sundays. 1876C. M. Davies Unorth. Lond., The Walworth Jumpers.
3. a. An animal, esp. an insect (as a flea) or insect-larva, characterized by jumping: cf. hopper1 2.
1785Gentl. Mag. LV. i. 265 A very remarkable little animal... It is the Mus Jaculus or Sauteur; and in English may be called the Jumper. 1789G. White Selborne xxxiv. 90 These eggs produce maggots called jumpers. 1834M'Murtrie Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 391 The Jumpers or the Anisopoda.
b. In full, jumper ant. An Australian ant of the genus Myrmecia.
1907W. W. Froggatt Austral. Insects 92 The ‘Jumper’, Myrmecia albo-cincta..is one of the smaller species, about ½ an inch in length. Ibid. 436/2 (index) Jumper ant. 1926R. J. Tillyard Insects Austral. & N.Z. xxii. 287 The genus Myrmecia..contains the huge Bull-dog Ants and the smaller Jumpers..which swarm out of their nests and advance to the attack in a series of jumps or springs. 1970E. F. Reek in Insects of Australia (Commonwealth Sci. & Industr. Res. Organization) xxxvii. 956/1 Forms such as the bulldog or jumper ants..feed largely on nectar and honey-dew as adults.
4. One who jumps a claim. See jump v. 9 b.
1855F. S. Marryat Mountains & Molehills 240 My claim being carefully measured..and found to be correct, the ‘jumper’ would be ordered to confine himself to his own territory. 1890Gunter Miss Nobody vii. 86 Bob, the hero who saved the Baby Mine from the jumpers for us.
5. One who causes to jump, in quot., a flogger.
1842J. W. Orderson Creol. ix. 96 This..brute..ordered the unhappy Rachael into the hands of the ‘Jumper’.
6. Applied to various tools or contrivances having a jumping motion.
a. Quarrying. A heavy drill worked either by hand or by means of a hammer, used in making blasting-holes in rock, etc. Also attrib.
b. A spring or click controlling the starwheel of a repeating clock.
c. A form of plough-share for rough soil, or for soil filled with roots (U.S.).
d. Electr. A wire used to cut out an instrument or part of a circuit, or to close temporarily a gap in a circuit.
a.1769Smeaton in Brand Hist. Newcastle (1789) II. 586 Eye-bolts fixed in holes bored [in stones] with a jumper. 1828Craven Dial., Jumper, a miner's augur, used in making holes for the reception of gun-powder, for blasting or blowing up rocks. 1839–47J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. (1851) 213 The miner holds the jumper in both hands, raises it, and lets it fall in the hole, turning it continually. Ibid., When the stone is of a very hard description, it is usual to pour water occasionally into the jumper-hole.
b.1850E. B. Denison Clock & Watch Making §92. 125 The thing called the jumper..will..drive the ray still farther forward..The jumper also acts as a click to keep the star wheel steady. 1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 251 The pin in moving the star wheel presses back the click or ‘jumper’.
d.a1901in N.E.D. 1906T. E. Herbert Telegraphy xviii. 586 When any cross is necessary, the cross-connecting or ‘jumper’ wires between the vertical and horizontal sides of the frame are altered, so avoiding the necessity for disturbing the cabling. 1931Moyer & Wostrel Radio Handbk. xi. 560 A temporary jumper may be used to close the circuit. 1948Aircraft Power Plants (Northrop Aeronaut. Inst.) ix. 216/2 Test the switch by placing heavy jumpers across the terminals. In other words, close the circuit through the switch with temporary conductors. 1967Electronics 6 Mar. 282/3 The mode selector..includes a ‘battery’ position that enables checking the condition of the battery without removing it or connecting jumpers. 1972G. H. Reed Refrigeration xiii. 120 A single wire ‘jumper’ lead..is useful both for by-passing faulty controls or for incorporating a capacitor in the test cord.
7. N. Amer. A rough kind of sledge: see quot. 1893.
1823J. F. Cooper Pioneers xxix. (1869) 126/1 They frequently make these jumpers to convey their game home. 1834J. Langton Let. 2 Feb. in Early Days Upper Canada (1926) 81 A jumper..is a most admirable conveyance and most properly called a jumper... It sticks at nothing; wherever the horses can scramble the jumper can leap after them. 1893C. G. Leland Mem. II. 81 A jumper,..the roughest form of a sledge, consisting of two saplings with the ends turned up, fastened by cross-pieces. 1898R. A. Guild in New Eng. Mag. June 455/1 My pulse quickens as I recall the glorious times with our ‘jumper’, and the hair-breadth escapes from posts and barberry bushes, in our swift descent upon the ice. 1902A. C. Laut Story of Trapper xv. 221 The rutted marks of a ‘jumper’ sleigh cut the hard crust. 1903B. W. Carr-Harris White Chief of Ottawa 119 They had not gone far when the Indian drew their attention to the tracks of a jumper in the snow. 1941Beaver June 28 We loaded twelve hundred pounds of freight into a canoe, besides the dogs and a jumper sleigh. 1964E. C. Guillet Pioneer Days Upper Canada 74 Early settlers from the vicinity of Meaford and Owen Sound brought their grists in home-made sleighs called jumpers, which were hauled by oxen. 1971J. McDougall Parsons on Plains i. 5 Then, in winter, with our little white pony and jumper, we would make the same trips.
8. Naut.
a. A preventer-rope made fast so as to prevent a yard, mast, etc. from jumping or springing up in rough weather. Also attrib.
b. jolly jumpers, sails above the moon-rakers (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 1867).
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. viii. 87 By a complication of purchases, jumpers, and shoves, we started the brig. 1882Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 30 Topping lift for spritsail gaff and jumper. Ibid. 51 The jumper is rove through a clump block on the cutwater, and is set up with a purchase in the head. 1900Westm. Gaz. 14 Feb. 10/2 These enable it [the compass] to be hoisted aloft on to the jumper stay, and it is in this way removed from all influences of the magnetism..caused by the ship's iron.
Hence ˈjumperism, the principles of the Jumpers. ˈjumpery, practice or action of jumping; humorously applied to a dance.
1800J. Whitaker Let. in Polwhele Trad. & Recoll. (1826) II. 524 On Methodistical Jumpers or Jumperism. 1876C. M. Davies Unorth. Lond. 64 Whether Jumperism is ceasing to merit its distinctive appellation, I cannot..say. 1882Besant All Sorts vi. 53 Such dances as the bolero, the tarantellà, and other national jumperies.
▪ II. ˈjumper, n.2
[prob. f. jump n.2]
1. a. A kind of loose outer jacket or shirt reaching to the hips, made of canvas, serge, coarse linen, etc., and worn by sailors, truckmen, etc.; also applied to any upper garment of similar shape, e.g. a hooded fur jacket worn by Eskimos.
1853Kane Grinnell Exp. vi. (1856) 45 A ‘jumper’ or close jacket, slipping on like a shirt, and hooded like the cowl of a Franciscan monk. c1860H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 80, 1 set of jumper and trousers for dirty work. 1860–1Gosse Rom. Nat. Hist. (1866) 255 A loose coarse canvas frock, which, in colonial phrase, is called a ‘jumper’. 1879Unif. Reg. in Navy List (1882) July 496/2 On the blue frock or jumper the badge is to be of red cloth. 1893F. C. Selous S.E. Africa 87, I had a warm jumper over my cotton shirt.
b. Comb., as jumper-clad adj.
1865F. H. Nixon Peter Perfume 172 The jumper-clad diggers so rowdy and free.
2. (See quot.)
1894Daily Tel. 13 Apr. 5/6 Witnesses..deposed that the ‘jumper’, a sort of sack used for purposes similar to that of the strait waistcoat, was in constant use in the workhouse.
3. a. = jersey1 3 a; also, a loose-fitting blouse worn over a skirt; (see also quot. 1968).
1908Sears, Roebuck Catal. 1149/4 The jumper is made in surplice effect. 1908Dialect Notes III. 326 Jumpers, a one-piece garment for children to play in, ‘rompers’. 1909Public Ledger (Philadelphia) 24 June 7/6 One-piece & jumper styles. 1909Westm. Gaz. 7 Aug. 15/2 For smaller girls the jumper still holds its own. 1925W. Deeping Sorrell & Son i. 13 The modiste had received a consignment of silk ‘jumpers’. She was unpacking them and hanging them up on the stands in her showroom where they glowed brilliantly like jewels in a case. 1928Galsworthy Swan Song ii. ix. 181 He came on Anne herself, without a hat, sitting on a gate, her hands in the pockets of her jumper. 1930N. & Q. 14 June 431/1 Some five years ago the fashion-mongers gave the name of jumper to the knitted blouses ladies had been wearing under the name of sports coats. 1945Wales IV. vi. 44 He turned up the cuff of his jumper and showed her the word ‘Sue’ tattooed with a border of foliage on his forearm. 1965Australian 13 Apr. 5 She also prefers casual clothes like the jumper and skirt she is wearing here. 1968J. Ironside Fashion Alphabet 61 Jump-suit. This is an abbreviation of ‘jumpers’, another name for rompers (i.e. top and bloomers in one) worn by children.
b. U.S. A pinafore dress. Also jumper dress.
1939M. B. Picken Lang. Fashion 84/3 Jumper-dress, sleeveless, one-piece garment worn with guimpe. 1967Boston Sunday Herald (Mag.) 16 Apr. 6/1 (Advt.), Wear as a jumper over blouses. 1971New Yorker 11 Dec. 3 (Advt.), Wear a jumper to dinner!
c. Comb., as jumper suit, (a) a pinafore dress; (b) a woman's suit consisting of a jumper and skirt made of the same material, freq. wool.
1908Sears, Roebuck Catal. 1149/1 An unusually pretty jumper suit made of soft striped taffeta silk. 1925Times 29 Dec. 7/6 Sports stockinette jumper suits. 1931E. Raymond Mary Leith iii. ii. 225 Mary was in a jumper suit of primrose silk. 1973Country Life 2 Aug. 335/2 Soft jumper-suits in fine printed wools.
▪ III. † ˈjumper, v.1 Obs.
In 4–5 iompre, 5–6 iumpere.
[Origin obscure.]
trans. To introduce incongruously or discordantly; to jumble together.
c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 988 (1037) Ne Iompre [v.r. iumpere] ek no discordaunt þing y-fere, As þus to vsen termes of Phisyk. 1387–8T. Usk Test. Love Prol. (Skeat) I. 30 How should than a frenche man borne soche termes conne iumpere in his matter, but as the Iay chatereth Englishe.
▪ IV. jumper, v.2
[f. jumper n.1]
1. trans. To bore (a hole) with a jumper (see jumper n.1 6 a).
1825Blackw. Mag. XVII. 339 A hole..is jumpered in the rock.
2. Electr. To connect by means of a jumper (sense 6 d).
1929Post Office Electr. Engineers' Jrnl. XXII. 79/1 From the cable terminal tag blocks all lines are jumpered via protecting apparatus to the ‘line’ tag blocks of the test boards. 1968T. Howard Black Light xxi. 183 He made no attempt to force the locked ignition, but simply ‘jumpered’ the ignition wiring so that it by-passed the locked switch.
▪ V. jumper v.2, jumperism
see jumper n.1 |