| 释义 |
▪ I. juice, n.|dʒuːs|
Forms: α. 3–5 iuys, (4 iuyshe, iwisch, iwissh, wisch), 5 iuwys, yuis, 6–7 iuyce, iuice, 7 juyce, 7– juice. β. 4–6 ius, iuse, (5 iwce), 5–6 iuce, iwse, (6 ieuse). γ. 5 ious, iows, iowce, 5–6 iowse. δ. 5 ioys, (ioissh), 6 ioyse, 6–7 ioyce, 7 joice.
[a. F. jus, ad. L. jūs broth, sauce, juice of animal or plant. The β forms are normal from F.; with the others cf. those of duke, flute, jupe, and bruit, fruit.]
1. a. The watery or liquid part of vegetables or fruits, which can be expressed or extracted; commonly containing the characteristic flavour and other properties.
αc1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 360/52 Iuys of smal-Ache do þar-to. c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 83 Oynement maad of myrre, and of þe iuwys of þe herbe þat ys clepyd bletes. 1460–70Bk. Quintessence 20 Þe yuis of þe eerbe þat is callid morsus galline rubri. 1533Elyot Cast. Helthe ii. xiv, The iuyce of theym [oranges] is colde in the second degre. 1596Spenser F.Q. iv. i. 31 Like withered tree that wanteth iuyce [rime flowre-deluce]. a1626Bacon New Atl. (1900) 38 Wines we have of Grapes; and Drinkes of other Iuyce. ― Sylva §633 The juices of fruits are either watery or oily..Those that have oily juices, are olives, almonds, nuts of all sorts..etc., and their juices are all inflammable. 1673Ray Journ. Low C., Venice 204 They take the juyce of Beet. 1884Bower De Bary's Phaner. 192 The peculiar juice which flows from milky plants.
β1390Gower Conf. II. 266 And tho sche tok vnto his vs Of herbes al the beste ius. c1420Pallad. on Husb. ii. 206 Vche herbe in his colour, odour, & Iuce [rime letuce]. c1490Iwse [see quot. c 1440 in γ]. 1513Douglas æneis xii. vii. 90 The hailsum ius of herb ambrosyane. 1528Paynel Salerne's Regim. aj b, Celendine, whose ieuse is citrine. 1553Brende Q. Curtius S iv, A iuse which they wringe out of Sesama. 1570Levins Manip. 182/15 Iuce of herbes, succus.
γc1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 84 Take þe iowse of þe poume-garnet swete, xxv Rotes, and of þe Iowse of swet appelys, x Rotes. a1400–50Alexander 339 Þe ious out he wrengis. c1440Promp. Parv. 265/2 Iows of frutys, or herbys..[MS. K. (c 1490) iowse or iwse], ius, succus. 1530Palsgr. 235/1 Iowse of an herbe, jus.
δ14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 564/40 Aporima, ioys of gras. c1450Two Cookery-bks. 116 Ioissh of persely or malves. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 34 The humoure or ioyse which droppeth out of the braunches of the date trees. 1565–73Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Dens, The ioyse anointed healeth the toothache. Mod. Sc. (Edinb., Peebles, Roxb., etc.) Joice, as 'bacca joice, the joice o' reid currans.
b. spec. that of the grape, made into wine. Also more generally, alcoholic liquor (U.S. slang).
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 121 And schewede hem þe juse of grapes and of buries. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. v. ii. 285 No more The iuyce of Egypts Grape shall moyst this lip. 1732Pope Ess. Man i. 136 Annual for me, the grape, the rose renew The juice nectareous, and the balmy dew. 1813Scott Trierm. ii. ix. 1828P. Cunningham N.S. Wales (ed. 3) II. 206 An over-dose of the juice. 1932Evening Sun (Baltimore) 9 Dec. 31/4 Juice, whisky. 1940D. Ellington in Swing May 10/3 Everybody in our band at that time was a juice-hound, juice meaning any kind of firewater. 1956B. Holiday Lady sings Blues (1973) xix. 157 There was no place I could work in New York—not if they sold juice there. 1961R. Russell Sound 22 ‘Nuthin' at all like juice, either,’ Hassan said. ‘No hangover.’ 1971Harper's Mag. May 83 But they need their juice, for their kind of tension would not be relieved by the head-lightening stuff, they need the down-deep sleep of the intelligence that comes with liquor.
c. (a) The liquor from the sugar cane; (b) this made ready for evaporation.
(a)1697Phil. Trans. R. Soc. XIX. 381 The Juice of the Cane. 1784P. H. Maty in New Rev. Sept. 194 To..cut the cane,..to have the juice expressed, and boiled into sugar. 1812J. Taylor Arbores Mirabiles 39 The season continues..about six weeks, when the juice is found to be too thin and poor to make sugar. 1830G. R. Porter Nature & Properties Sugar Cane 17 The cane contains three sorts of juice, one aqueous, another saccharine, and the third mucous.
(b)1839Ure Dict. Arts 1202 Where canes grow on a calcareous marly soil, in a favourable season the saccharine matter gets so thoroughly elaborated, and the glutinous mucilage so completely condensed, that a clear juice and a fine sugar may be obtained without the use of lime. 1887Encycl. Brit. XXII. 626/1 Wetzel's pan,..and similar devices for the efficient evaporation of juice..are also in use.
d. Electricity, electric current. slang.
1896Boston Herald 25 Dec. 4/5 Now we know what a blessing the trolley is—when the juice isn't turned off. 1903Electrical Engineer 28 Aug. 327/2 The first he asked, a councillor Whose town had got the juice. 1916‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin xiii. 238 Call her up by wireless... Don't make our name, but use all the juice you can, so that they'll think we're very close. 1928U. Sinclair Boston (1929) xxiv. 724 The juice was turned off, and Vanzetti was officially pronounced dead. 1934J. M. Cain Postman always rings Twice ii. 18 They got neon signs, they show up better, and they don't burn as much juice. 1966H. Sheppard Dict. Railway Slang (ed. 2) 9 On the juice, running on electrified lines—particularly LTE.
e. Petrol. slang.
1909Installation News III. 52/2 We are not faced with a threepenny tax on each gallon of ‘juice’. 1918E. M. Roberts Flying Fighter 281 Then I discovered that the tank was nearly empty. That meant that I would have to go in search of ‘juice’. 1959N.Z. Listener 12 June 20/4 ‘Turn the juice on!’ He felt sheepish as he twisted the key. 1968K. Weatherly Roo Shooter 56 The Rover had him worried. If she ran out of juice..he had to walk in. 1973Nation Rev. (Melbourne) 24–30 Aug. 1399/6 'Tis cheaper to slow down—you use less juice then, be it petroleum or gastric.
f. A drug or drugs. slang.
1957[see gang-bang s.v. gang n.1 12]. 1972H. C. Rae Shooting Gallery iii. 187, I wasn't interested in him. I mean, when you shoot juice, you lose the other thing.
2. The fluid part or moisture of an animal body or substance; now usually in pl. the various liquid constituents of the body, the bodily ‘humours’; also used in sing. in the names of the digestive secretions (gastric j., intestinal j., pancreatic j.).
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xxxviii. (Bodl. MS.), Þe lyuour..fongiþ Ious [W. de W. Ius], woos, and humour wherof blood is bred. 1533Elyot Cast. Helthe i. (1541) 14 Somme [meat and drink] is good, whiche maketh good iuyce, and good bloudde: some is ylle and ingendreth yll iuyce and yll bloudde. 1675Traherne Chr. Ethics 325 The four humors of choler, melancholy, flegm, and blood are generally known: but there are many other juyces talkt of besides. 1692Bentley Boyle Lect. iii. 82 Marrow and Fat and Blood, and other Nutritious Juices. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 128 The man who dies of hunger, may be said to be poisoned by the juices of his own body. 1899J. Cagney tr. Jaksch's Clin. Diagn. v. (ed. 4) 171 The intestinal juice is a mixed secretion derived from several glands.
3. More generally, The moisture or liquid naturally contained in or coming from anything.
c1420Pallad. on Husb. i. 240 Lette hem drie unslayn, and vp they drinke The londes iuce. 1503in Surtees Misc. (1888) 30 The fylthe and juse that discendes..frome the sade stye. c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. civ. vii, Oile, whose iuyce unplaites the folded brow. c1645Howell Lett. (1688) IV. 489 It is the pure juyce of the Bee. 1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth iv. (1723) 239 An Account of the mineral Juyces in the Earth. 1842J. Aiton Dom. Econ. (1857) 171 So that the juice may run from the pig-sty down upon the dry coal ashes.
4. a. In figurative uses: usually denoting the essence or ‘spirit’ of something, in which its characteristic qualities are found, or which renders it useful, agreeable, or interesting.
c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 67 Þo prestis þat geten out juys of Goddis word. 1553T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 172 An oration is made to seme right excellent by the kinde self, by the colour and iuice of speeche. 1642Rogers Naaman 127 The very spirit and roote of bitternesse, which giveth joice and nourishment to all branches. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 18 A theory, pickled in the preserving juices of pulpit eloquence. 1895Gladstone in Evang. Mag. Jan., The juice and sap of the Evangelical teaching..I mean by its juice and sap, the positive and not the negative part of its teaching.
†b. The emoluments or profits of a profession or office. Obs. colloq.
c1523Latimer Let. to Baynton in Foxe A. & M. (1583) 1740 If I would..gather up my ioyse, as wee call it, warely and narrowly, and yet neyther preache for it in mine owne Cure nor yet otherwhere. 1609E. Hoby Let. to Mr. T. H. 23 That the parochial endowments..are..too little, to afford sufficient ioyce to those infinite superficiall students.
c. Political influence (exercised by or on behalf of criminals); money paid to obtain immunity from prosecution, or lent at a usurious rate of interest, or the interest thus extorted; money acquired by corruption, gambling, or threats. Also attrib. U.S.
1935A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks 65/1 Juice, corrupt influence (shake-down) for protection to operate unlawfully. 1951[see ice n. 4 e]. 1961Chicago Daily Tribune 12 Aug. 1 William (‘Action’) Jackson..a ‘juice man’ (loan collector) for syndicate hoodlum bosses. 1962A. Buchwald How Much is that in Dollars? 75 ‘Well, use some juice,’ Mr. Cahn said. ‘Juice’ is a Hollywood expression which means influence. 1963P. Wyden Hired Killers xii. 196 ‘Juice’—usurious interest of up to twenty per cent—was known to fester at the root of some of these assassinations. The juice racket has been flourishing for decades. 1964[see Cosa Nostra]. 1968N.Y. Times 9 June 1, 29 At least two murders and perhaps more have been connected to the loan shark, or ‘juice’ racket, as it is called here, as well as beatings and threats. 1969Time 11 July 24 This Las Vegas is..a venal demi⁓monde in which the greatest compliment that can be paid a man is to say that he has ‘juice’ (influence in the right places). 1970E. R. Johnson God Keepers (1971) xiv. 146 Vito Lucchese was involved in the case and..he had a certain amount of juice around the city. 1971Ink 12 June 14/2 His high-paid whizkid managers weren't whizzing too well so he went after some extra juice.
†5. Broth. [rendering L. jūs.] Obs. rare.
1388Wyclif Isa. lxv. 4 It is a puple..which eten swynes fleisch, and vnhooli iwisch [v.rr. iwce, iuyshe, iwissh, wisch; 1382 broth].
6. attrib. and Comb., as juice-drop; juice-drained, juice-squirting adjs.; juice-head slang, an alcoholic; juice-joint N. Amer. slang, a bar, club, or stall serving either alcoholic or non-alcoholic liquor.
1800Lamb Let. to Manning in Talfourd Lett. (1837) I. 190 The ‘Falstaff's Letters’ are a bundle of the sharpest, queerest, profoundest humours, of any these *juice-drained latter times have spawned.
a1847Eliza Cook Harvest Song iv, Rich and bursting *juice-drops run On the vineyard earth in streams.
1955S. Whitmore Solo 247 The *juiceheads..got so fractured [i.e. drunk] that they wouldn't show up for a date. 1967New Yorker 9 Sept. 41 If anybody wanted to get stoned the guy who owned the pad made them go up on the roof. Juice-heads drank Red Mountain. 1969A. H. Cain Young People & Drugs 159 Juice head, one whose hang-up is booze; an alcoholic.
1927K. Nicholson Barker 149 *Juice joint, soft drink stand. 1932Evening Sun (Baltimore) 9 Dec. 31/4 Juice-joint, speakeasy. 1958G. Lea Somewhere there's Music iv. 35 Six lonely nights a week in a juice joint. 1960Wentworth & Flexner Dict. Amer. Slang 298/2 Juice-joint. 1. A soft-drink tent, stand, booth, or concession. Carnival and circus use. 2. A speakeasy; a bar or nightclub. Orig. 1920 use. 1970C. Major Dict. Afro-Amer. Slang 72 Juice joint, tavern, bar, cabaret.
1895Daily News 21 Sept. 6/1 A..tobacco-chewing, *juice-squirting, tippling Westerner.
▸ juice bar n. (a) orig. N. Amer., a stall, bar, café, etc., selling freshly squeezed fruit and vegetable juices or similar beverages; (b) U.S. a club, bar, etc., usually for teenagers and young people, where only non-alcoholic drinks are served; (c) U.S. slang an establishment featuring nude or topless entertainment, in which the sale of alcohol is prohibited.
[1939N.Y. Times 5 Mar. xx. 3/4 In the building's patio will be a fruit juice bar where Florida products will be on sale.] 1952N.Y. Times 13 Jan. xx. 11 (heading) Winter Haven's Citrus Museum includes a *juice bar for thirsty visitors. 1967Punch 18 Oct. 574/1 Leaning over the rail of the Juice Bar, Mr. Alfred Spence..says: ‘We get a very nice type of kid in here.’ 1973N.Y. Times 1 Jan. 17/8 (heading) 11 arrested in ‘juice bar’ raid; narcotics and weapons seized. 1980N.Y. Times 11 June b3/6 In addition to bars regulated by the Liquor Authority, topless shows are presented in ‘juice bars’, in which it is illegal to sell alcoholic beverages. 1991Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 4 Nov. ii. 1/2 Krieger..keeps the vigil outside Medusa's, the hottest teen club, or ‘juice bar’, in town, dressed in a black trenchcoat. 2001Business Rev. Weekly 16 Feb. 44/3 Juice bars will have to evolve to survive, adding products such as wraps (mountain bread sandwiches) and muffins to boost winter sales.
▸ juice box n. orig. and chiefly N. Amer. a form of packaging for individual servings of fruit juice and other drinks, chiefly made from bonded layers of plastic, aluminium, and paper formed into a small box or similar container, usually with an attached drinking straw; a drink carton; a drink sold in such packaging.
1982N.Y. Times 6 Oct. c4 (advt.) The *Juice Box fits in your lunch box. Your picnic basket, your briefcase. Comes with its own straw... The Juice Box doesn't need the icebox. It stays fresh without refrigeration for up to 6 months. 1991New Age Jrnl. Apr. 60/1 Environmentally unfriendly juice boxes have been snubbed in favor of old-fashioned whole milk in a reusable thermos. 2002Los Angeles Times (Electronic ed.) 8 Oct. The woman ahead of me eyes my provisions. Two gallons of milk, a giant bag of oranges, Pop-Tarts, rabbit food, three dozen juice boxes... ‘You've got kids,’ she announces.
▪ II. juice, v.
[f. prec. n.]
1. trans. To moisten or suffuse with juice. rare.
1639Fuller Holy War iii. xxxi. 164 Some gallants..count all conquests drie meat which are not juyced with bloud. 1884Queen Victoria More Leaves 109, I drove off..to see them ‘juice the sheep’. Ibid., ‘Juicing the sheep’..a large sort of trough filled with liquid tobacco and soap, and into this the sheep were dipped one after the other.
2. To animate, liven up, inspire. slang.
1964Time 23 Oct. 61 A thing like that can really juice you up. 1972J. Mills Report to Commissioner 259 The departmental surgeon asked Jackson if he wanted him to give Lockley a shot of something, he meant juice him up a little, keep him from passing out.
Sense 2 in Dict. becomes 3. Add: 2. a. To extract the juice from (a fruit, vegetable, etc.).
[1629J. Parkinson Parad. ii. vi. 478 [Sage] being beaten and iuyced (rather than minced as manie doe) is put to a rosted Pigges braines. ]1950Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. xiv. 42 [S. Carolina word-list] Juice me these lemons. 1977New Yorker 18 July 61/2 (Advt.), These individual grapes together make up one sample which our field man ‘juices’ on the spot. 1982Observer 31 Oct. 31/4 Lance Loud juices two pounds of spinach and two pounds of carrots daily. 1986N.Y. Times 2 Mar. (Connecticut Weekly section) 18/2 Always grate the rind before juicing the fruit, not the other way round.
b. transf. and fig. Cf. milk v. 4.
1915Dialect Notes IV. 227 Juice,..to milk. Formerly very common, this verb is now chiefly used facetiously (as ‘Juice the heifer’). 1961New Left Rev. May–June 47/1 The actors..juiced the improvisational tendency in the play... Some of the minor characters were even playing for laughs. 1975Business Week 17 Feb. 54/2 As was the case during last year's decline, some stocks have been juiced by tender offers.
▪ III. juice
obs. var. gise v.; obs. f. joist. |