| 释义 |
▪ I. joust, just, n.|dʒaʊst, formerly dʒuːst, dʒʌst|
Forms: 3–4 ioust, 7– joust; 4–7 iust, 7– just, (6–9 giust).
[a. OF. juste, joste, jouste, F. joute, f. juster, etc. joust v. For the spelling and pronunciation, see joust, just, v.]
1. A combat in which two knights or men-at-arms on horseback encountered each other with lances; spec. a combat of this kind for exercise or sport; a tilt. Usually in pl. jousts, justs, a series of such encounters, as a spectacular display; a tournament.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2898 Vor þer nas so god kniȝt non..Þat in ioustes ssolde sitte þe dunt of is lance. c1320Sir Beues (A.) 3785 And to þe iustes þai gonne ride. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 10 Whanne lordis ben fro hom in werris, in iustis. a1533Ld. Berners Huon xxi. 62, I was a yonge knyght and hauntyd the iustes and tornoys. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. i. 1 For knightly giusts and fierce encounters fitt. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, v. ii. 52 What newes from Oxford? Hold those Iusts and Triumphs? 1635J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Banish'd Virg. 192 Right joyfull..to light on by the way so solemne jousts. 1645Evelyn Diary 2 May, There had been in the morning a Just and Tournament of severall young gentlemen. 1709Strype Ann. Ref. I. xv. 191 Great justs were made: the French King himself justing. 1755Johnson, Just, mock encounter on horseback; tilt; tournament. Joust is more proper. 1776Mickle tr. Camoens' Lusiad 330 At just and tournay with the tilted lance. 1801Strutt Sports & Past. iii. i. 113 The just was a separate trial of skill, when only one man was opposed to another. 1808Scott Marm. i. xiv, Seldom hath pass'd a week but giust Or feat of arms befel. 1830James Darnley xxi. 93 Just after just, tourney after tourney. 1838Prescott Ferd. & Is. (1846) III. xi. 44 The knights..defied one another to jousts and tourneys. 1859Tennyson Enid 537 Down to the meadow where the jousts were held.
fig.1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. ii. iii. Colonies 553 Less powrfull in the Paphian Ioust For Propagation. 1846H. Rogers Ess. I. iv. 203 He entered the lists in those intellectual jousts, as they may be called.
†b. pl. as sing. A tournament. Obs.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xvii. 50 Coming fro..Ierico To a iustes in iherusalem. a1512Fabyan Chron. vii. 687 Chief chalengeour, at a royall iustyce and turney. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 303 The king did holde a royall Iustes in Smithfielde in London. 1593Peele Order Garter 44 As if the God of war Had held a justs in honour of his love. 1641–74Baker Chron. an. 1400, They would publish a solemn Justs to be holden at Oxford.
†2. Applied to the ancient Grecian games. Obs.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 37 Olympades, þat beeþ þe tymes of here iustis and tornementis. 1388Wyclif 2 Macc. iv. 18 Whanne iustus, doon oonys in fyue ȝeer, was maad solempli in Tire.
▪ II. joust, just, v.|dʒaʊst, formerly dʒuːst, dʒʌst|
Forms: 3–7 iust(e, 4–7 ioust(e, (5 youst, yust, iowst, iost, 6 iuyst), 7– just, joust.
[a. OF. juste-r (11th c.), joster (12th c.), jouster (13th c.) = Pr. justar, jostar, Sp., Pg. justar, It. giostrare:—late pop.L. juxtāre to approach, come together, meet, f. juxtā near together. The sense ‘approach, join’, remained in OF.
The historical Eng. spelling from the 13th c. is just: cf. the cognate adjust:—L. adjuxtāre. Under later French influence, joust was used sometimes by Gower, Caxton, Spenser, and Milton, was preferred by Johnson, and used by Scott, and is now more frequent; but the pronunciation remained as in the historical spelling; the pronunciation |dʒaʊst| (formerly dʒuːst) is recent, and suggested by the spelling joust.]
†1. (?) To join, to ally oneself. Obs. rare.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 1589 Esau wifuede us to dere Quan he iusted & beð so mat, Toc of kin ðe canaan bi-gat.
†2. intr. To join battle, encounter, engage; esp. to fight on horseback as a knight or man-at-arms.
c1300Cursor M. 21910 (Edinb.) Mikil leuer war him to here Hu roland iuste [Gött. iusted], and oliuere. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 4379 Knyghte iustede, archers drowe On boþe parties fol manie þey slowe. c1380Sir Ferumb. 105, I wil kuþe on hem my miȝt and dyngen hem al to douste Wheþer þay wille on fote fiȝt ouþer on horse iouste. c1440Bone Flor. 459 Fyfty of them issewed owte, For to juste in werre. 1667Milton P.L. i. 583 And all who since, Baptiz'd or Infidel Jousted in Aspramont or Montalban.
3. spec. To engage in a joust or tournament; to run at tilt with lances on horseback.
13..Guy Warw. (A.) 872 Oȝaines sir Gij þer com Gayer, To iuste wiþ him he drouȝ him ner. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1628 Al that Monday Iusten they and daunce. 1390Gower Conf. III. 63 To se..The lusti folk iouste and tourneie. 1485Caxton Chas. Gt. 41 Sende to Iuste ayenst me somme of thy barons. c1489― Sonnes of Aymon i. 32 They Iousted moche worthyly but Reynawde iousted beste vpon his horse bayarde. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 85 The kyng..in his owne person Iusted to all comers. 1608Shakes. Per. ii. i. 116 There are Princes and Knights come from all partes of the world to Iust and Turney for her loue. 1755Johnson, To joust and to just. 1773–83Hoole Orl. Fur. xxvi. 524 Every chief..He call'd to joust, and dar'd them to the field. 1805Wordsw. Prelude ix. 455 Methought I saw a pair of knights Joust underneath the trees. 1825Macaulay Ess., Milton (1851) I. 15 Knights, who vowed to joust without helmet or shield. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. II. viii. 261 Not justing with his lance as in a mimic tourney.
b. With adverbial accusative.
a1661Fuller Worthies, Essex (1662) 330 An English⁓man challenged any of the French, to just a course or two on horse-back with him.
4. In various fig. applications. (In quot. 1639, To copulate.)
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xx. 133 He iugged til a iustice and iusted in his ere, And ouertilte al his treathe. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. 58 Lyik tua gait buckis iustand contrar vthirs. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. i. 515 Auster and Boreas justing furiously Under hot Cancer. 1608Ibid. ii. iv. iv. Schisme 941 So fare these miners; whom I pittie must That their bright valour should so darkly joust. 1639T. de Grey Compl. Horsem. 51 His justing, howsoever without fruit,..is but once only in the whole course of his life. 1824Byron Def. Transf. i. ii, The lion and his tusky rebels..brought to joust In the arena.
▪ III. joust
obs. form of just n.2, a pot. |