| 释义 |
▪ I. journey, n.|ˈdʒɜːnɪ|
Forms: 3–5 iurn-, 3–7 iorn-, iourn-, (5 iowrn-, iern-); 3, 6 -eie, 3–6 -e, -ay, 3–7 -ey, 4–7 -ee, 5–7 -y, -eye, 6 -aye, 6–7 -ie; 7 jorney(e, journee, -y, 7– journey.
[a. OF. jornee (12th c.), journee, F. journée day, day's space, day's travel, work, employment, etc. (in OF. also travel, a conference, etc.) = Pr., Sp., Pg. jornada, It. giornata:—pop.L. *diurnāta, f. diurnum day, n. use of neut. of diurnus of the day, daily, f. dies day. For the suffix -ata, -ada, -ee, -ey, see -ade. OF. journee corresponded in various senses with med.L. diēta; hence journey and diet n.2 agree in some of their senses.]
I.
†1.
a. A day. Obs.
c1305in Rel. Ant. II. 178 Thi dawes beth i-told, thi jurneis beth i-cast. c1400Mandeville (1839) xxiii. 254 All the cytees..senden hym riche presentes so þat at þat iourneye [F. celle jurne] he schall haue more þan lx chariottes charged with gold and syluer. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 155 The thyrde dyshonoure was, that euery man myght..myssayne the Prynce for that Iorney. 1656Blount Glossogr., Journee, a day or whole day.
†b. Law. journeys accounts (med.L. diētæ computātæ ‘days counted’), the number of days (usually fifteen) after the abatement of a writ within which a new writ might be obtained. Obs.
1613Sir H. Finch Law (1636) 364 The writ abating for some cause that cannot be imputed to the Plaintifes folly:..himselfe bringing another with speed in the same Court against the same partie, we call it a writ purchased by Iourneys accompts. 1641Termes de la Ley 191 b, If it be purchased by Iournies accounts (that is to say, within as little time as hee possibly can after the abatement of the first Writ)..And fifteen dayes have been held a convenient time for the purchase of the new Writ. 1883Wharton's Law Lex., Journey's accounts, the shortest possible time between an abatement of one writ and the issuing of another.
†c. An appointed day; in phr. to give (assign) journey of battle, treaty, to agree to or fix on a day for battle or negotiation. (Cf. OF. mettre journée.) (This has associations with senses 7 and 8.) Obs.
c1500Melusine 80, I gyue you iourney of batayll at the requeste of the knight straunger on suche day that he shall assigne. Ibid. 291 They had Counseyll that they shuld requyre king Vryan iourney of traytye vpon fourme of peas..And the iourney was assygned by thaccorde of bothe partes on the iiide day.
II.
2. A day's travel; the distance travelled in a day or a specified number of days. †a. simply. An ordinary day's travel, the distance usually travelled in a day. As a measure of distance, varying with the mode of travel, etc.; usually estimated in the Middle Ages at 20 miles.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 1291 Fro Bersabe iurnes two Was ðat land ðat he bed him to [MS. two]. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 41/234 Þis holie Man ladde þene dede forth..Fyftene Iorneies grete are day..To þe mount of Ioie. a1300Cursor M. 9192 (Cott.) Þe tune o niniue, Þat was of vmgang thre iorne [Gött. jornays thrie]. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 154 Tancrez was fulle hend, conueied him tuo journez. c1400Mandeville (1839) xvii. 178 A 52 jorneyes fro this Lond..there is another Lond..that men clepen Lamary. a1533Ld. Berners Huon xxi. 63 The most surest way is hense a .xl. iurneys, & the other is but .xv. iurneys.
b. With qualification: a (or one) day's journey = a.; two, three (etc.) days' journey, the distance travelled in the number of days specified.
c1340Cursor M. 11741 (Trin.) Of þritti dayes Iourney þro Þou shal haue but a day to go. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) v. 15 Fra Beruch three day iourneez es þe cytee of Sardyne. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 200 God sente the prophete Ionas to the grete Cite of Nynyvee, wyche was a thre-dayen Iornay. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 188 b, Trent is..thre dayes Iorney on this syde Venise. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 231 A whole Day's Journy. Ibid. 261 Sending at least Twelve Days Journy for their Fuel. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 102 The King said to him, How many days' journey distant?
†c. The portion of a march or expedition actually done in one day, or accomplished each day; a stage of a journey. Obs. or merged in 3.
c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon vii. 156 They dyde soo moche by there iourneys that they cam to saynt Iames in Galyce. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI 177 They set forward the King, and by easy iorneys brought him to London. 1617Moryson Itin. To Rdr. ⁋5 For the First Part of this Worke, it containes only a briefe narration of daily journies. 1759Johnson Rasselas xxxvii, We travelled onward by short journeys.
d. The daily course of the sun through the heavens. (Now taken as fig. from 3.)
1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 464 The Sunne, in his daily journey round about this vast Globe. 1667Milton P.L. v. 559 Scarce the Sun Hath finisht half his journey. 1694Prior Hymn to Sun 3 As thou dost thy radiant journies run. 1719Watts Ps. lxxii. ii, Jesus shall reign where'er the sun Does his successive journies run.
3. a. A ‘spell’ or continued course of going or travelling, having its beginning and end in place or time, and thus viewed as a distinct whole; a march, ride, drive, or combination of these or other modes of progression to a certain more or less distant place, or extending over a certain distance or space of time; an excursion or expedition to some distance; a round of travel. Usually applied to land-travel, or travel mainly by land, in contradistinction to a voyage by sea.
The normal word for this in English, often qualified by an adj., or phrase, as a long, short, quick, slow, good, bad, cold, dangerous, difficult, easy, interesting, pleasant, prosperous, successful, tedious, uncomfortable journey; a j. by railway, railway j., j. on foot; j. to London, to the continent, into the country, etc. Phrases: to make or undertake a j.; to take one's j., to set out and proceed on one's way.
a1225[see b]. c1375Leg. Rood (1871) 123 When he was þus cumen hame ogayn, Of his iorne he was ful fayne. c1380Sir Ferumb. 4029 To morwe let ous our iorne take, Hamward aȝen to ryde. 1382Wyclif Acts ix. 3 Whanne he made iourney, it bifel, that he cam nyȝ to Damaske. 1503Hawes Examp. Virt. ix. vii, So forth I went walkynge my iournay. 1526Tindale Luke xv. 13 Not longe after the yonger sonne..toke his iorney into a farre countre. a1533Ld. Berners Huon cvii. 360 Within a shorte tyme they had sayled a great iourney. a1548Hall Chron., Edw. IV 223 Kyng Edwarde..made a iorney into Kente. 1617Moryson Itin. iii. 151 And at parting..they wish him a happy journey. 1649Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) 149 When you arrive att your jorneyes end. 1667Temple Let. to Sir J. Temple Wks. 1731 II. 42 My Sister took a very strong Fancy to a Journey into Holland. 1713Steele Guard. No. 8 ⁋4 Being tired..with so many long and tedious journies. 1763Hume in Calderwood Life viii. (1898) 139 A journey to Glasgow will be one of the first I shall undertake. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 89 When he had made his journey, and accomplished his business. 1888Ruskin Præterita I. vi. 188 On longer days of journey we started at six.
b. fig., esp. the ‘pilgrimage’ or passage through life.
a1225Ancr. R. 352 Þe pilegrim iðe worldes weie..monie þinges muwen letten him of his jurneie. c1400Rom. Rose 4993 Where Elde abit, I wol thee telle..If Deth in youthe thee not slo, Of this iourney thou maist not faile. 1533More Debell. Salem ii. Wks. 934/2 That murmur and discencion against the clergy was than already farre gone onwarde in hys vnhappye iurney. 1535Coverdale Ps. ci[i]. 23 He hath brought downe my strength in my iourney. 1672Grew Idea Philos. Hist. Pl. §3 If we consider how long and gradual a Journey the Knowledge of Nature is. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 645 This life..is a journey, or rather one stage of our journey through matter. 1844Dickens Mart. Chuz. (Househ. ed.) 375/1 We used to toast a quicker journey to the old man, and a swift inheritance to the young one.
†c. transf. Any course taken or direction followed; spec. (in making a mine), the line along which the gallery is carried. Obs.
1571Digges Pantom. i. xxxv. L iij b, You may make by the former preceptes moste certeine plattes of your iorneis. 1591Ibid. (ed. 2) xxxvi, Finde out the true distance of the place whither you meane to carrie the mine:..how many degrees from the East, Weast, or other principal Quarters of the Heauens the iourney lyeth. 1578Banister Hist. Man i. 32 The beginning and iourney of y⊇ greatest nerue.
d. dial. The load or amount carried at one journey: cf. gang n.1 7.
1859Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XX. ii. 314, I can..in a few hours have a journey of corn ready for market.
e. The travelling of a vehicle along a certain route between two fixed points and at a stated time.
1851Illustr. London News 25 Oct. 526/1 If they..obtained..12 passengers at 2d. each per journey, the profit would be 19s. 3d. per diem. 1878Porcupine XX. 507/2 The conductor..shouts, ‘Journey's end.’ 1908Daily Chron. 4 Jan. 1/7 London Motor Bus Strike... The company is determined to insist on the journey system of payment. 1909Westm. Gaz. 8 Sept. 2/1 The journey-time to Glasgow is 8 3/4 h. 1954Gloss. Highway Engin. Terms (B.S.I.) 55 Journey time, the overall time taken to travel between two specified points on a route, excluding the times of any stoppages other than those due to interruptions of traffic.
†4. A military expedition, a campaign, etc. Sometimes, Any military enterprise, as a siege. Obs.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 349 Þis laste journe þat Englishemen maden into Flandres. 1417in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. I. 56 Your saide Lifetenaunte..made many greate jernies and hostinges uppon one of the strongest Irishe enimies of Leynstre. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI 101 b, Thei lefte that iourney for a tyme, and returned to the Castle..and besieged the same. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 62 The Spanish king never enterprised anie sole iourney against the Turke. 1617Moryson Itin. ii. 49 Other Deputies used to make some two or three iournies in a Summer against the rebels.
III. A day's work.
5. A day's labour; hence, a certain fixed amount of daily labour; a daily spell or turn of work (see quots.). Obs. exc. dial. † in journey, at work as a day-labourer (obs.).
a1300Cursor M. 5870 (Gött.) Fra þat time nedis had þai, Do tua iornays apon a day. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xvii. 5 When here deuer is don and his daies iourne, Þen may men wite what he is worþ. 1502Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) iv. xxx. 349 They that holdeth werkemen in Iourney. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI 97 Ordinaunces..against the excessive taking of Masons..and other laborers for their daily iorneis. 1552Huloet, Iourney with cattell at cartynge, plowynge, opera. 1706Phillips, Journey..Among Farmers a Days Work, in ploughing, sowing, reaping, etc. 1875Sussex Gloss., Journey, a day's work. 1881I. Wight Gloss., Journey, a day's work at plough.
fig.1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 29 For þat nyȝtes iornay sche axede fredom for here mede.
†6. A day's doings or business. Hence, generally, Business, affair. to wish one a good journey, to wish one well through a business. Obs.
a1352Minot Poems iii. 9 Thare he made his mone playne..And all that land, untill this day, Fars the better for that jornay. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxiv. 113 In þe meen tyme þe Grete Caan died; and forþi þe iournee chaunged efter to þe werse. c1435Torr. Portugal 2579 Euer we will be at youre will, What iurney ye will put us tyll. c1475Partenay 141 Do it at your owne lesire; For all the labour and iornay is your. 1672W. Mountagu in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 317 The trial..stands appointed for the 2nd of May; so wish your Lordship a good journey.
†7. esp. A day's performance in fighting; a battle, a fight; = day 10. to keep the journey, to keep the field, to continue the fight. Obs.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 18 Adelwolf his fader saued at þat ilk iorne. 1375Barbour Bruce xiii. 323 He did mony a fair Iourne, On sarisenis thre derenȝeis did he. c1440Lonelich Grail xiv. 75 A wondirful knyht..That Al this day hath kept the Iorrne Aȝ en thy fowre batailles. 1455Paston Lett. I. 336 Alle the Lordes that dyed at the jorney arn beryed at Seynt Albones. c1500Melusine 231 Lordes, barons, auaunce, the iourney is oure, For they may not vs escape. a1548Hall Chron., 5 Hen. VIII (1809) 550 The Frenchmen call this battaile the iourney of Spurres because they ranne away so fast on horsbacke. 1601Holland Pliny I. 171 What crowne could haue bin gained and woon at the iourney of Cannæ. 1617Moryson Itin. ii. i. ii. 84 The Rebels lost in this iourney above 800.
†8. A meeting held on an appointed day, esp. for public business; = diet n.2 5. Obs.
c1500Melusine 291 Thenne came to the iourney of traytye that was assigned the saudants and theire Counseyll. 1529J. Hacket Let. to Wolsey (Cott. Galba MS. B. ix. 157). Som prolongassion of [the] iourne of Spirs. 1586T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. i. 632 They hold their generall councell, called a iourney or a diet.
9. A round or turn of work, such as is done at one time, in a day or a shorter space.
a. At the Royal Mint. (a) The coinage of a certain weight of gold or silver, orig. representing the amount of one day's work: viz. 180.0321 Troy ounces of gold (701 sovereigns or 1402 half-sovereigns), or 720 oz. of silver. (b) The parts of the surfaces of a pair of rolls used to roll fillets down to the thickness of the coin required; supposed to have been so called because after a day's work it is necessary to select another portion of the surface owing to wear.
a1600Harl. MS. 698 lf. 157 Of every iournie of silver contayning xxx lb. wt. tooe peaces [shall be taken]. Ibid. lf. 169 Certaine pec's of ev'ry iorny that was coyned the same moneth. 1789Chron. in Ann. Reg. 230 The pix is a box kept at the Mint into which one piece of every journey is put. A journey is the technical term for the coinage of a certain weight of gold. 1852A. Ryland Assay Gold & S. 83 note, The Trial of the Pix is an important and ceremonious proceeding... Several coins are taken at random from a certain weight, called a journey, and are assayed by the jury. 1867Chamb. Jrnl. No. 38. 105 Every distinct melting or coinage is technically called a journey;..or rather the entire coining at one time is made up into journeys, each of one hundred and eighty ounces, or fifteen pounds of standard gold.
b. Glass-making. A round of work in the course of which a certain quantity of raw material is converted into glass.
1875Ure's Dict. Arts II. 652 This waste is first of all calcined..from 24 to 30 hours being the period of a journey..in which the materials could be melted and worked into bottles. 1886Leeds Merc. 28 Sept., If all things were favourable a man could make 57 dozens of bottles on ‘a journey’, as it was called, in seven hours.
c. slang. A turn of work; a ‘turn’; a time or occasion.
1884Longm. Mag. V. 179 ‘Well’, said the policeman..‘as for him, he's got safe enough off, this journey!’
†10. Machinery.
a. = journal n. 10.
b. See quot. 1833. Obs.
1814–1823 [see journal n. 10]. 1833J. Holland Manuf. Metal II. 226 This carriage, with the forms of types properly secured upon it, is adapted to move backwards and forwards upon steady guides or journeys.
c. A set of trams in a colliery.
1883W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 144 Journey, a train or set of trams all coupled together running upon an engine plane. 1896Mrs. H. Ward Sir G. Tressady xxiv. 553 The ‘journey’ of trucks..was standing laden in the entrance of the mine. 1901Daily Chron. 8 Nov. 11/3 He was caught by the ‘journey’ and killed. 1921Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §043 Journey rider,.. rides on trams or tubs on haulage planes. 1967Gloss. Mining Terms (B.S.I.) x. 14 Train (journey, set, trip), a number of tubs or cars coupled together.
11. attrib. and Comb., as journey-bee, journey-guider, journey-hack, journey-milkman, journey-speed; † journey-bated adj.; journey-book, an itinerary or road-book; journey-money, travelling expenses; journey-pride dial., excitement or alarm occasioned by the prospect of travelling; so journey-proud a.; journey-ring, a kind of ring-dial or portable sun-dial; journey-weight = sense 9 a. Also journeyman, etc.
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iv. iii. 26 So are the Horses of the Enemie In generall *iourney bated, and brought low.
1714Mandeville Fab. Bees (1725) I. 16 Their clergy, rouz'd from laziness, Laid not their charge on *journey-bees.
1610Holland Camden's Brit. i. 358 Mentioned by Antonine the Emperour in *Journey-booke.
1890Boldrewood Col. Reformer (1891) 327 As good a stock horse and *journey hack as ever you crossed.
1891T. Hardy Tess (1900) 43/1 His *journey-milkmen being more or less casually hired.
1883― in Longm. Mag. July 266 The carter gets what is called *journey-money, that is, a small sum, mostly a shilling, for every journey taken beyond the bounds of the farm. 1899R. Kipling Stalky 186 Here's your journey-money. Good-bye. 1914‘I. Hay’ Lighter Side School Life iv. 95 You've been a long time getting your journey-money. 1936‘R. Hyde’ Check to your King vii. 84 Vigneti is parcelled off to Guadeloupe, supplied by his Sovereign Chief with a thousand francs journey-money. 1960G. E. Evans Horse in Furrow v. 69 Wagoners and horsemen on long journeys..even where they had adequate journey-money,..often preferred to sleep out.
1938Times 21 Dec. 10/4 ‘*Journey-pride’..will be familiar to your west-country readers. The adjective is still more useful, for ‘feeling-upset-physically-and-mentally-with-anticipatory-excitement-and/or-anxiety’ can all be expressed by ‘journey-proud’.
1902Eng. Dial. Dict., *Journey-proud, excited like children, at the prospect of a journey. 1908Daily Chron. 5 Nov. 4/7 In Cheshire,..a village good-wife, describing her farm-labourer husband's first visit to Manchester, declared that he was ‘that journey-proud that he couldn't eat a bite o' breakfast’. 1956Sunday Times 3 June 2/6 The lengthy German phrase for holiday anxiety... People who suffered from it used to be described in Yorkshire..as being journey proud.
1877W. Jones Finger-ring 452 A brass ring-dial, probably of the kind formerly designated as ‘*journey rings’.
1888Pall Mall G. 4 Aug. 1/2 This gives a mere gross ‘*journey-speed’, i.e. speed including stops.
1883Encycl. Brit. XVI. 483/2 The finished coins are delivered to the mint master in weights called ‘*journey weights’, supposed to be the weight of coin which could be manufactured in a day when the operations of coining were performed by the hand. [Abolished 1901.]
▪ II. journey, v.|ˈdʒɜːnɪ|
Forms: 4–6 iorn-, 4–7 iourn-; 4–7 -ey, -ay, 5–6 -ie; 7–8 journy, 7– journey.
[a. AF. journey-er, OF. jo(u)rnoyer, -ier, -éer to travel, to put off (a person), etc., f. journee, jornee journey n.]
I.
1. intr. To make or proceed on a journey; to travel.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14071 He iorneyed þen fro land to land. a1400–50Alexander 2249 A gentilman full ioyles þen iornays hym after. c1470Golagros & Gaw. 230 Thus iournait gentilly thyr cheualrouse knichtis. c1470Henry Wallace viii. 976 Quhen Wallace thus throw Ȝorkschyr jowrnat was. 1539Bible (Great) Acts ix. 3 And when he iorneyed..he was come nye to Damasco. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 173 Satan had journied on, pensive and slow. 1813Coleridge Remorse ii. ii. 77 Think'st thou I journied hither To sport with thee? 1894J. T. Fowler Adamnan Introd. 54 He..journeyed south and settled at Clonmacnoise.
fig.1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 251 b, Y⊇ heuenly Ierusalem to the whiche we iourney. a1568R. Ascham Scholem. ii. (Arb.) 129, I would haue a good student passe and iorney through all authors.
†b. To travel by ordinary daily stages: cf. journey n. 2 c. Obs.
1756M. Calderwood Jrnl. (1884) 4 Finding that journying was too little exercise, we took post horses in our own chaise at Belfoord.
†c. to journey it: to make the journey. Obs.
c1680W. Mountagu in Buccleuch MSS., Montagu Ho. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 333 After that time it will be too late to journey it.
2. trans. To travel, traverse. ? Obs.
1531Elyot Gov. i. xi, Realmes, cities, sees, ryuers, and mountaynes, that..can nat be iournaide and pursued. 1720Gay Poems (1745) II. 151 When..the pale moon had journey'd half the skies. 1808Scott Marm. vi. vi, In a palmer's weeds arrayed..I journeyed many a land.
†3. To take (a horse) through a journey; to ride or drive. Obs.
1590Marlowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. iii. v, You shall have bits, And harness'd like my horses, draw my coach... I shall have occasion shortly to journey you. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 318 ‘The Pains’..breedeth in the pasterns for lack of clean keeping and good rubbing after the horse hath been journyed.
†4. intr. To engage in a battle. Obs.
c1475Rauf Coilȝear 485 Haue he grace to the gre in ilk Iornaying.
5. trans. (Royal Mint.) To weigh or count coins into ‘journeys’: see journey n. 9 a.
II.
†6. Sc. trans. To remand (a person) for justice, or put off (a matter in litigation) to another day; to adjourn. Cf. jorn v. Obs.
1478Acta Audit. (1839) 75/2 Þai war lauchfully Journait to the ferd court before hir bailȝe. 1493Acta Dom. Conc. (1839) 302/1 James lord of abernethy..protestit It sulde turne him to na preiudice quhill he wer ordourly Journayit. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 106 Quhatsomever parte be journeyed in quhatsomeuer Court, and the Baillie of that Court assignes ane certaine day and steid to them, for to receaue fulfilling of judgement, or dome be them asked.
Hence ˈjourneyed ppl. a., travelled; ˈjourneying ppl. a.
1553T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 164 Some far iourneyed gentleman at their retourne home..will ponder their talke with oversea langage. 1739G. Ogle Gualtherus & Griselda 21 A Fairer, not the journeying Sun surveys. 1847Emerson Poems, Sphinx 29 The journeying atoms..Firmly draw, firmly drive, By their animate poles. |