| 释义 |
Jesus|ˈdʒiːzəs|
[a. L. Iēsū-s, a. Gr. Ἰησοῦς, ad. late Heb. or Aram. yēshūăﻋ, Jeshua, for the earlier y'hōshūăﻋ, Jehoshua or Joshua (explained as ‘Jah (or Jahveh) is salvation’: cf. y'shūﻋāh ‘salvation, deliverance’, and Matt. i. 21), a frequent Jewish personal name, which, as that of the Founder of Christianity, has passed through Gr. and L. into all the languages of Christendom.
In OE. rendered by hǽlend ‘saviour’ (see healend); but during the ME. period regularly used in its OF. (objective) form Iesu (Jesu). The (L. nom.) form Iesus (Jesus) was rare in ME., but became the regular Eng. form in 16th c. Yet in Tindale's New Test., 1525–34, the form Iesu was generally used where the Gr. has Ἰησοῦ, the Vulgate Iesu, in the vocative and oblique cases. This was, as a rule, retained by Coverdale 1535, and in the Great Bible 1539, also, in the vocative instances, in the Bishops' Bible 1568; but in representing the Gr. oblique cases, this has Iesus. Iesu disappeared from the Geneva 1557 (exc. in one place), and from the Rhemish 1582, and the version of 1611. Jesu was frequent in the earlier forms of the Book of Common Prayer, and survives in one place; in later use it occurs in hymns, rarely in nom. or obj., but frequently in the vocative. In hymns, the possessive Jesus' is commonly sung |ˈdʒiːzjuːz|.
In ME. the name was rarely written in full, being usually represented by the abbreviations ihu, and ihc, ihs, ihus, or iħu, etc.: see IHS. These have been commonly expanded by modern editors as Ihesu, Ihesus, forms which occur occasionally in MSS. and in early 16th c. printed books.]
1. a. The proper name.
a1175Cott. Hom. 235 Ures hlafordes to-cyme þes helendes iesu [ed. ihesu] cristes. c1240Ureisun in Lamb. Hom. 200 Iesu soð god, soð mon, & soð meidenes bern. Ibid. 202 Þet mei iesu þis baldeliche seggen to þe. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. Prol. 165 Were þere a belle on here beiȝ, bi Iesu [ed. Ihesu], as me thynketh, Men myȝte wite where þei went, and awei renne. c1435Torr. Portugal 1450 For Iesu love that died on rood. 1526Tindale Matt. i. 1 The boke off the generacion off Ihesus Christ. [So i. 16; elsewhere usually Iesus.] ― Matt. viii. 29 O Iesu the sonne off God. [So Coverd., Great B., Bps'., Geneva; Rhem., and 1611 Iesus.] ― Luke xvii. 13 Iesu master, have mercy on vs. [So Cov., Gr., Bps'.; Gen., Rh., 1611 Iesus.] [So also Acts vii. 59.] ― Luke xviii. 38 Iesus the sonne of David, have mercy on me. [Cov., Gr., Bps'. Iesu; Gen., etc. Iesus.] ― Rev. xxii. 20 Even soo: come lorde Iesu [so Cov., Gr.; Bps'., Gen., etc. Iesus.] ― Luke viii. 28 What have I to do wyth the Iesus the sonne off the moost hyest? [So all later versions.] ― Rev. xxii. 21 The grace of oure lorde Iesus [1534 Iesu, so Cov., Gr.; Gen., Bps'., etc. Iesus] Christ be with you all. ― Rom. xv. 17 Wheroff I maye reioyse in Christ Iesu. [So Cov., Gr.; Gen., Bps'., etc. Iesus.] ― Rom. xv. 30 For oure lorde Iesu [1534 Iesus: so all later versions] Christes sake.1544Supplic. to Hen. VIII (E.E.T.S.) 57 Through thy Sone Ihesus Christe. 1552Bk. Com. Prayer, Gen. Confess., According to thy promyses declared vnto mankynde, in Christe Iesu oure Lorde. [So in mod. Pr. Bk.] 1633G. Herbert Temple, Jesu, Jesu is in my heart, his sacred name Is deeply carved there. 1740C. Wesley Hymn, Jesu, lover of my soul, Let me to thy bosom fly. 1779Cowper Olney Hymns xlix. 2 Lord, my soul with pleasure springs When Jesus' name I hear. 1827Keble Chr. Y., St. Stephen's Day v, Jesu, do Thou my soul receive. 1881N. T. (R.V.) John xii. 9 They came, not for Jesus' [1611 Iesus] sake only.
b. Used as (or as part of) an oath or as a strong exclamation of surprise, disbelief, dismay, or the like; also in various phrases, as by Jesus, Jesus (H.) Christ, Jesus wept. Cf. gee int.2, Jeeze int.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. iii. 154 Bi iesus [ed. Ihesus], with here ieweles, ȝowre iustices she shendeth. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. ii. iv. 31 Iesu a very good blade, a very tall man. Ibid. v. 29 Iesu what hast? can you not stay a while? 1676G. Etherege Man of Mode iii. i. Wks. (1888) 283 Jesu! madam, what will your mother think is become of you? 1753Gray Long Story in Six Poems 22 Jesu-Maria! Madam Bridget, Why, what can the Viscountess mean? 1922Joyce Ulysses 38 Jesus! If I fell over a cliff. Ibid. 39 Yes, sir. No, sir. Jesus wept: and no wonder, by Christ. Ibid. 131 By Jesus, she had the foot and mouth disease and no mistake! 1923Dialect Notes V. 212 Jesus Christ, an expletive or exclamation common to both men and women and considered by neither as in any wise profane. 1924Ibid. 264 Jesus Christ, Jesus H. Christ, holy jumping Jesus Christ. 1936S. Sassoon Sherston's Progress iv. iii. 273 Someone gasping by, carrying a bag of rations—‘Jesus, ain't we there yet?’ 1943‘C. Dickson’ She died a Lady xvi. 135 Have we heard about him?.. Jesus H. Christ! 1966A. La Bern Goodbye Piccadilly vi. 66 It's you she's describing, your clothes, everything. Oh, Jesus wept! 1968B. Healey Murder without Crime iii. 59 Jesus! It's murder out there. 1970T. Lewis Jack's Return Home 223 ‘Jesus Christ!’ he says softly. ‘Jesus H. Christ.’ 1974I. Murdoch Sacred & Profane Love Machine 94 He's so spineless... He just wants to be let off and I let him off. Jesus wept!
†2. A figure or representation of Jesus Christ, as a crucifix or Ecce Homo, or an emblem or device such as the letters IHS, etc. Obs.
1487Will of Laurence (Somerset Ho.), My Jħus of gold.
3. attrib. and Comb., as Jesus-worshipper; Jesus-like adj.; Jesus day, the festival of the Name of Jesus, 7 Aug.; Jesus mass, a votive mass in honour of the Name of Jesus.
1540Ihc masse [see IHS]. 1546Acc. in Sharp Cov. Myst. (1825) 214 Paid to þe mynstrell on Jhesus day at Smyths tavern xijd. 1641Sir E. Dering Sp. on Relig. xi. 40 He is not afraid to call Christians Iesu-worshippers. a1711Ken Urania Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 474 No Grace on earth more Jesus-like appears Than Charity. 1886Archæol. Cantiana XVI. p. lviii, The Jesus altar and Jesus mass are often mentioned in wills of parishioners [of Sandwich].
b. Used attrib. or Comb. to designate a fervently evangelical type of Christian, or a group of such people, or things characteristic of them.
1970Catholic Worker Feb. 2/3 He still spoke contemptuously of Jesus-shouters. 1970N.Y. Times 22 Feb. 64 They gladly accept the name Jesus Freaks and have long hair and other marks of hip culture. 1971New Scientist 3 June 588/1 Its Jesus shops, symbols of the brand of freaked-out Christianity that has replaced Flower Power as a culture. 1971Listener 9 Sept. 324/1 The Jesus people, offering religion as a substitute for the drug cult among young people, arrived from America. 1971Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 12 Dec. 4/1 Certainly the sect seems to have outfreaked all its competitors in the ‘Jesus Freak’ movement. 1972Sat. Rev. (U.S.) 6 May 58/2 (heading) Meditations on the Jesus Movement. Ibid., The Jesus revolution is simply the most recent, popular, and obvious expression of that need. Ibid., The Jesus-cults..offer the young..an instantaneous and push-button forgiveness. 1972Awake! 8 Nov. 3/1 Also called ‘Jesus freaks’, or ‘Street Christians’, they put up Jesus posters, wear Jesus buttons, and emblazon their car bumpers with stickers that say: ‘Honk, if you love Jesus.’ 1973Times 3 Mar. 6/3 Dr Ramsey said: ‘I welcome Jesus Freaks as a genuine religious movement.’ |