| 释义 |
▪ I. jelly, n.1|ˈdʒɛlɪ|
Forms: 4 geli, 5 gelle, 5–6 gele, gely(e, iely, 5–9 gelly, 6 gelley, (chely, gelu), 6–7 gellie, -ye, iellie, 7– jelly.
[ME. gelé, a. F. gelée frost, also (14th c. in Littré) jelly:—L. gelāta frozen, congealed, pa. pple. of gelāre to freeze, used subst. in Romanic: see -ade.]
1. a. An article of food, consisting chiefly of gelatin, obtained from various animal tissues, as skin, tendons, bones, etc., by boiling and subsequent cooling, having a characteristic soft stiff homogeneous consistence, and usually semitransparent. Also, in later use, a preparation of the juice of fruit, or other vegetable substances, thickened into a similar consistence.
1393[see jelly-cloth in 4]. 14..Lydg. Hors, Shepe, & G. (Roxb.) 19 Of the shepe..Of whos hede boylled..Ther cometh a gely [MS. Lamb. 306 Iely] and an oynement. c1430Two Cookery-bks. 25 Gelye de chare. Ibid. 26 Gelye de Fysshe..Do as þou dedyst be þat oþer Gelye. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §44 Tyll it begyn to waxe thycke lyke a gelly. 1525–6in Nichols Progr. Q. Eliz. (1823) I. 252 note, All honest manner and good order,..in wine, brawn, chely, or other vitails. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 80 b, Spices, fruites, ielies, and banket viandes. 1602Plat Delights (1605) §58 A white gelly of Almonds. 1657R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673) 37 Jelly which we make of the flesh of young pigs, calves feet, and a cock. 1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet i. in Aliments, etc. 249 The Jelly or Juice of Red Cabbage, bak'd in an Oven. Ibid. 252 Robs and Gellies of Garden Fruits. c1850Arab. Nts. (Rtldg.) 179 She desired some thick jelly made from chickens..to be served up.
†b. The substance gelatin, which forms the basis of animal jellies. Obs.
1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. II. 414 A mucous matter, exceedingly soluble in warm water, which is known under the name of Jelly. 1805W. Saunders Min. Waters 13 Animal gelly which is easy of solution. 1839G. Bird Nat. Phil. 373 Jelly, solutions of gum, and albuminous fluids, allowed to evaporate spontaneously, so as to leave an indurated mass. 1855Mayne Expos. Lex., Jelly, common name for the substance gelatine.
c. A table-jelly.
1728E. Smith Compleat Housewife (ed. 2) 146 To make Riben Jelly..run the Jelly into little high Glasses..one Colour must be thorough cold before you put another on..colour red with Cochineal, green with Spinage..and sometimes the Jelly by it self. 1845E. Acton Mod. Cookery (ed. 2) xx. 438 A great variety of..excellent jellies for the table may be made with clarified isinglass, clear syrup, and the juice of..fresh fruit. 1851Illustr. Catal. Gt. Exhib. iii. 650/1 Moulds for jellies, cakes, &c. 1916Punch 6 Dec. 394/2 He shook all over like a badly-set jelly. 1930C. Mackenzie April Fools vii. 152 Mr. Wenlow, balanced like a pale jelly on the edge of a chair in the drawing-room. 1974Radio Times 4 Apr. 42/4 (Advt.), Rowntrees strawberry flavour jelly.
2. a. gen. Anything of the consistence of jelly; a gelatinous substance of any kind. glycerin(e) jelly, any of various mixtures of glycerol and gelatin, principally used as mounting media in microscopy; cf. jelly n. 2 d; royal jelly, the secretion produced by honey bees to feed the larvae of the colony, esp. those that will become queens.
c1600Donne Progr. Soul xxiii, A female fishes sandie Roe With the males ielly newly lev'ned was. 1605Timme Quersit. iii. 178 Take of..the ielly or sperme of frogges, which is to be found in standing waters. 1605Shakes. Lear iii. vii. 83 Ser. My Lord, you haue one eye left... Corn. Lest it see more, preuent it; Out vilde gelly. 1631Massinger Beleeve as you list iii. ix, How my jelly quakes! 1673Ray Journ. Low C. 121 One would verily have thought, that..Stone had been broken or bruised whilst a Gelly..and so hardened. 1676D'Urfey Mad. Fickle ii. i. (1677) 14, I could have beaten the Woman into a Jelly. 1793Beddoes Math. Evid. 124 Those masses of animated jelly, which one sees at times scattered along the sea shore. 1817Kirby & Spence Introd. Entomol. II. xix. 130 They will select one or more to be educated as queens; which..being fed with royal jelly for not more than two days..will come forth complete queens. 1846G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. II. 203 The pus becomes so viscid as to form a tenacious jelly. 1859Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. VII. 257 The bottle of glycerine jelly is put into a cup of hot water, until liquefied. 1880Amer. Monthly Microsc. Jrnl. I. 208/1, I have used such a medicine dropper to hold and apply glycerin jelly, with great satisfaction. 1886F. R. Cheshire Bees I. vi. 82 In the case of the queen larva..that secretion, commonly, though, as I hold, erroneously, called royal jelly, is added unstintingly. 1954C. G. Butler World of Honeybee iv. 46 It has come to be believed that any female honeybee larva..that is fed exclusively on royal jelly always develops into a queen bee. 1958J. R. Baker Princ. Biol. Microtechnique xiii. 255 Preparations mounted in glycerine-jelly, balsam, or other commonly-used media. 1973L. Hellman Pentimento (1974) 230 He was always having mysterious operations... He took royal jelly.
fig.1651N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. ii. xl. (1739) 178 Lordship, once bringing therewith both Authority and Power unto Kings,..in these latter days is become a mere Jelly.
b. spec. Applied to the alga Nostoc, which appears as a jelly-like mass on dry soil after rain, and was popularly supposed to be the remains of a fallen ‘star’ or meteor.
a1641Suckling Poems, Farew. to Love, As he whose quicker eye doth trace A false star shot to a mark't place Do's run apace, And thinking it to catch, A gelly up do's snatch. 1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. i. Prelim. Exhort. ⁋7 Stand staring upon a Meteor or an inflamed gelly. 1656H. More Enthus. Tri. 45 That the Starres eat,..that those falling Starres, as some call them, which are found on the earth in the form of a trembling gelly, are their excrement. 1678–9Dryden & Lee Œdipus ii. i, The shooting stars end all in purple jellies. 1679Dryden Sp. Friar Ded., When I had taken up what I supposed a fallen star, I found I had been cozened with a jelly. 1740Somerville Hobbinol iii. 266 Like that falling Meteor, there she lies, A Jelly cold on Earth. 1766Pennant Zool. (1768) II. 424 The Winter Mew..The gelatinous substance, known by the name of Star Shot, or Star Gelly, owes its origin to this bird,..being nothing but the half digested remains of earth-worms, on which these birds feed. [1875Bennett & Dyer tr. Sachs' Bot. 215 Nostoc..consists, when mature, of a large number of moniliform threads..imbedded in a glutinous jelly, and thus united into colonies.]
c. A jelly-fish.
1882Harper's Mag. Jan. 181/1 One of these large jellies was observed..moving lazily along, its disk encircled by a halo twenty-feet in diameter, while the train of gleaming tentacles stretched away two hundred feet or more.
d. A mixture of gelatin and glycerin used for mounting microscopic objects.
1856Carpenter Microscope 246 This Composition, when cold, forms a very stiff jelly. Ibid. (1891) 443 When used, the jelly must be liquified by gentle warmth, and it is useful to warm both the slide and the cover-glass previous to mounting.
e. slang. A pretty girl; a girl-friend.
1889Barrère & Leland Dict. Slang I. 496/1 Jelly, or All jelly, a buxom, good-looking girl. 1931W. Faulkner Sanctuary iii. 23 Gowan goes to Oxford a lot... He's got a jelly there. He takes her to the dances. Ibid. iv. 36 Don't think I spent last night with a couple of your barber⁓shop jellies for nothing.
f. A gelatinous contraceptive substance.
1931F. W. S. Browne tr. T. H. van de Velde's Fertility & Sterility in Marriage iii. xiv. 348 The most important chemical contraceptives are the lubricant jellies. 1935E. F. Griffith Mod. Marriage iv. 84 There are numberless chemical substances, made up either in the form of tablets or jellies... These are introduced into the vagina and are intended to kill the sperms. 1937― Voluntary Parenthood iii. 46 Many other devices have been invented to carry the chemical, such as jellies, ointments, foaming tablets and foaming jellies... All these solubles, jellies and tablets are unsatisfactory and if used by themselves are liable to fail in a high percentage of cases. 1943in T. H. van de Velde Ideal Marriage (1947) 148 Arrangements have now been made for the manufacture of Dr. Van de Velde's Jellies (‘Eugam’): Lubricant, Contraceptive and Proconceptive. 1949New Gould Med. Dict. 529/1 Contraceptive jelly, any one of a number of viscous substances introduced into the vagina to prevent conception. 1970Which? Contraceptives Suppl. (ed. 3) 58 (heading) Spermicidal creams, jellies and pastes. 1972Guardian 9 June 5/5 Her doctor..prescribed a diaphragm and a contraceptive jelly but the jelly was seized by the [Irish] customs authorities.
3. ellipt. A jelly-glass. (Cf. a salt.)
1709Lond. Gaz. No. 4595/4 There is lately brought over a great Parcel of..German Cut and Carv'd Glasses, viz. Jellies, Wine and Water Tumblers [etc.].
4. attrib. and Comb., as jelly-broth, jelly-dish, jelly-glass, jelly-mould, jelly-pot; jelly-boned, jelly-like adjs.; jelly baby, a soft gelatinous sweet in the shape of a baby; jelly bean orig. U.S., (a) a bean-shaped sweet with a gelatinous centre and a hard sugar coating; (b) slang, an unpleasant, weak, or dishonest person; spec. a pimp; jelly-belly, a fat person; hence jelly-bellied a.; † jelly-blood, clotted blood (obs.); jelly-cloth, a cloth for straining jelly; jelly-dog (slang), a harrier (so called from being used to hunt hares, which are eaten with currant jelly); hence jelly-dogging, hunting with harriers; jelly-lichen, a lichen of gelatinous texture, such as Collema; jelly-nut (see quot.); jelly paint, a non-drip paint with the consistency of jelly; jelly-plant, an Australian seaweed: see quot. 1866; † jelly-poke = jelly-bag; jelly powder, (a) a kind of explosive (see quot. a 1884); (b) a crystalline powder used in the preparation of table-jellies; jelly roll U.S., a cylindrical cake containing jelly or jam; freq. in transf. slang senses: (a) a lover; (b) sexual intercourse; (c) the female genitalia or vagina.
1945Dylan Thomas in Listener 20 Dec. 734/2 A bag of moist and many-coloured *jelly-babies. 1950‘R. Crompton’ William—the Bold i. 13 ‘Jelly babyth are nithe, too,’ said the small shrill voice behind them. 1972Guardian 27 Dec. 9/1 A lady going round Europe buying..jelly babies.
1905Chicago Daily News 5 July 11/5 *Jelly beans, assorted, per lb., 9 c. 1919Dialect Notes V. 65 Mary is such a jelly-bean that she never gets her lessons. 1923Wodehouse Adv. Sally 223 What's the idea, you jelly bean? 1929W. Faulkner Sound & Fury 202 Are you hiding out in the woods with one of those damn slick-headed jellybeans? 1935A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks 63/2 Jelly bean, a pimp (ellyjay eanbay). 1940C. McCullers Heart is Lonely Hunter (1943) i. iii. 32 She..took from her shirt pocket a blue-coloured jelly bean. 1972M. J. Bosse Incident at Naha i. 56, I went into the kitchen for jelly beans, which taste good after you've been blowing grass.
1899Kipling Stalky 214 He was..a Flopshus Cad, an Outrageous Stinker, a *Jelly-bellied Flag-flapper (this was Stalky's contribution). 1938Times Lit. Suppl. 26 Nov. 753/2 The most jelly-bellied of them is Nabucet, a flowery and despicable humbug. 1950M. Lowry Let. 23 June (1967) 213 She [sc. Russia]..lives in a state of constant ‘war effort’, with its attendant..‘jelly-bellied flag-flapping’.
1896Farmer & Henley Slang IV. 44/1 *Jelly-belly, a fat man or woman. 1903[see eh int. 3]. 1935L. A. G. Strong Tuesday Afternoon 88 If ever I want a ginger-chinned jelly-belly's advice,..I'll ask for it.
1583Stanyhurst æneis iv. (Arb.) 120 Thee blackned *gellyeblud, hardning, Shee skums with napkins. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. iv. 40 They softly wipt away the gelly blood From th' orifice.
1912D. H. Lawrence Let. 3 July (1962) I. 134 Curse the blasted, *jelly-boned swines. 1961Spectator 17 Nov. 698 It is so spineless and ‘jelly-boned’.
a1648Digby Closet Open. (1669) 156 Make a very good *gelly-broth of Mutton.
1393Earl Derby's Exp. (Camden) 234 Et pro iij. vergis tele pro j *gelicloth, xviijs.
c1480Guild Acc. in Blades Caxton (1882) 79, ix dosen *gely dishes.
1897W. E. Norris Marietta's Marriage 4 We have no hounds hereabouts, except the *jelly-dogs.
1889R. S. S. Baden-Powell Pigsticking 20 You..would prefer a gallop with the Quorn..to a day's ‘*jelly dogging’.
1738Stuart in Phil. Trans. XL. 8 A wine or *jelly glass, or any such vessel tapering towards the bottom.
1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1818) IV. 361 Studded with little *jelly-like drops. 1835–6Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 512/2 The..jelly-like body of the Polypifera.
1860All Year Round No. 74. 557 Looking at schools too often as if they were *jelly-moulds, and the young mind a jelly.
1885A. Brassey The Trades 361 The cocoanuts are called ‘*jelly-nuts’ before the flesh is ripe and has hardened, and while it still can be scraped off in the form of a delicious thin pulp.
1958Listener 28 Aug.323/1 If anyone were to ask me what has been the most interesting new development for the do-it-yourself painter over the last year or two I think I would say the dripless, or *jelly, paints... Some complain that the jelly paints do not cover up the surface underneath.
1866Treas. Bot. 473/1 Eucheuma speciosum is the *Jelly-plant of Australia, and is one of the best species for making jelly, size, cement, etc.
1516–17Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 106 Pro una uln. panni lanei pro le *gelypoke, 8d.
c1865G. Gore in Circ. Sc. I. 233/1 Coat the inside of a glass jar or earthen *jelly-pot with wax.
a1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 511/2 *Jelly powder, so called from its resemblance to calf's-foot jelly. It consists of 94% or 95% of nitro-glycerine and 5% or 6% collodion cotton, so mixed as to assume a gelatinous form. 1895Army & Navy Co-op Soc. Price List 16 Table Jelly powder..in packets. 1921Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 6 Apr. 6/1 Lipton's and Shirriff's Jelly Powders, per packet..10¢.
1895‘M. Ronald’ Century Cook Bk. xxi. 468 *Jelly Rolls. Make a layer of Genoese..press it through a pastry bag in lines onto the tins... Before it has had time to cool, cut off the hard edges, spread it with..any jelly or jam, and roll it up evenly; then roll it in paper and tie, so it will cool in a round, even shape. 1914W. C. Handy St. Louis Blues (song), I'm most wile 'bout mah Jelly-Roll. 1919S. & C. Williams (song-title) I ain't gonna give nobody none o' this jelly roll. 1927Jrnl. Abnormal & Social Psychol. XXII. 13 By far the most common of these terms is jelly roll. As used by the lower class Negro it stands for vagina, or the female genitalia in general, and sometimes for sexual intercourse. Ibid. 14 Angels in heaven do the sweet jelly roll. 1929T. Wolfe Look Homeward, Angel (1930) xxii. 324 ‘What yo' want?’ she asked softly. ‘Jelly roll?’ 1964Amer. Folk Music Occasional i. 12 Negro blues where women are sweet food (biscuit-roller..jelly roll baker). 1970G. Greer Female Eunuch 265 If a woman is food, her sex organ is for consumption also, in the form of..cake- or jelly-roll. 1971B. Malamud Tenants 205 Irene Lost Queen I miss To be between Your Jelly Roll. 1974Amer. Speech 1971 XLVI. 79 Jelly-filled doughnut, bismarck, jelly roll.
▸ Short for jelly sandal n. at Additions.
1979Washington Post 7 Oct. e6/2 Things I wish I had brought: Rubber flip-flop sandals or jellies; rain poncho; large, nonleaking plastic jugs. 1991Details June 27/2 First imported from Asia, jellies are widely available from street retailers nationwide. 2000H. Simpson in J. Adams et al. Girls' Night In 558 ‘I'm not wearing my jellies,’ said Martin. ‘No way.’
▸ Brit. slang. A capsule of the tranquillizer temazepam, reformulated as a gelatinous compound in order to prevent illicit intravenous injection. Usu. in pl.
1992Herald (Glasgow) 2 June 6/6 [He] told the High Court in Glasgow..they were stopped by youths and one asked: ‘Do you want to buy jellies (the drug temazepam)?’ 1994I. Welsh Acid House 245 He explained to me that he'd been getting ‘too uptight’ about the flat getting trashed..so he had taken some jellies to ‘mellow out’. 2001K. Sampson Outlaws (2002) 69 I'd never, ever go and see the quack about it. It's too easy to cop out and take Prozac and that, jellies or whatever.
▸ jelly sandal n. a sandal made from moulded plastic, often brightly coloured or translucent; cf. jelly shoe n. at Additions.
1977N.Y. Times 25 Sept. xi. 2 When..[she] goes around in thick bobby socks and plastic *jelly sandals, some of her neighbors in Cold Spring Harbor raise their eyebrows. 2001Times 14 Sept. ii. 16/1, I have been buying a lot of jelly sandals recently—I think that they are back. They cost about {pstlg}1.50 a pair in Spain.
▸ jelly shoe n. = jelly sandal n. at Additions.
1977N.Y. Times Mag. 18 Sept. 99/1 For the man with the claustrophobic foot and a fashion sense, there's a leather version of the plastic *jelly shoe. 1996Condé Nast Traveler June 180/3, I bought my first pair of jelly shoes in Cadaqués after stepping on a sea urchin.
▪ II. jelly, n.2 slang.|ˈdʒɛlɪ|
Also gelly.
[Shortening of the pronunciation of gelignite, influenced by its jelly-like appearance.]
Gelignite.
1941in Baker Dict. Austral. Slang. 1948D. L. G. Mundy There's Gold in them Hills x. 128 Put a charge of ‘gelly’ under it. 1955[see creep v. 5 b]. 1960Observer 24 Jan. 5/2 A hut where they knew gelly was kept. Ibid. 5/3 There was always the gelly and oxy-acetylene if necessary. 1971Guardian 28 Aug. 1/1 Stolen ‘gelly’ found.
▪ III. jelly, a. Sc. Now rare.|ˈdʒɛlɪ|
Also 6–8 gelly.
[Origin unknown: the sense agrees fairly with some of the uses of jolly; but the phonetic change which this would involve has no parallel.]
Good, worthy, excellent; having a high opinion of oneself, proud, haughty.
c1560–73[see gelly]. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 7 The woddes selfes..are verie jocund and jellie, and gif we myt speik it, in a maner peirles in pleisour. 1638A. Cant Serm. in Kerr Covenants & Covenanters (1895) 103 Numbers mocked and thought themselves over jelly to come in. a1758Ramsay To Hamilton iii, A jelly sum to carry on A fishery's designed. 1787Shirrefs Jamie & Bess i. i, The Provost o' the Town, A jelly man, well worthy of a crown. 1828Courteous Knt. in Whitelaw Bk. Sc. Ballads (1875) 163 ‘Leave off your pride jelly Janet’, he said. ‘Use it not ony mair’. 1871W. Alexander Johnny Gibb xl. (1873) 226 An aunt o' the bride's was there to welcome the fowk; a richt jellie wife in a close mutch.
Hence ˈjellily adv., worthily, excellently.
18..Bonny Bee-ho'm in Jamieson's Popular Ball. (1806) I. 189 And jellily dance the damsels, Blythe-blinkin' in your ee.
▪ IV. jelly, v.|ˈdʒɛlɪ|
[f. jelly n.1]
1. intr. To come to the consistence of jelly; to ‘set’ as jelly; to congeal, solidify, coagulate.
1601Holland Pliny II. 354 It will neuer iellie and grow to any thick consistence in Summer, vnlesse there be wax put into it. 1750E. Smith Compl. Housew. (ed. 14) 201 You may know by setting some in a spoon to try if it will jelly. 1770Hewson in Phil. Trans. LX. 376 The blood..very soon jellies or coagulates. 1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 308 The secreted fluid..commonly..jellies upon exposure to heat.
2. trans. To convert into jelly; to cause to ‘set’ or coagulate; to reduce to the consistence of jelly.
1601Holland Pliny II. 334 A liue Wolfe sodden in oile til the said oile be gellied to the height or consistence of a cerot. 1770Hewson in Phil. Trans. LX. 374 In a few minutes the whole will be jellied or coagulated. 1876G. Macdonald in Macm. Mag. XXXIV. 351 They, jellied with fear, have uttered no challenge.
Hence ˈjellying vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1673Marvell Appleton Ho., The jellying stream compacts below. a1697Aubrey Nat. Hist. Surrey (1719) II. 194 The Jellying of some Parts of the Earth in Aqua Fortis. 1871G. H. Napheys Prev. & Cure Dis. i. ii. 75 The jellying of fruits. |