| 释义 |
▪ I. weld, n.1|wɛld|
Forms: α. 4–6 welde, 6– weld (8 wield). β. 5–6 wolde, (olde), 5– wold (5 oold), 7–8 would, 8 woold, 8–9 woald. γ. Sc. 5– wald.
[OE. *wealde, Anglian *walde = MLG. walde (wolde), waude (still in LG.), MDu. woude, wouwe (Du. wouw; hence G. wau, † waube, Sw. and Da. vau), possibly a derivative of wald, wood, forest. The Germanic word is the source of Sp. gualda, Pg. gualde, F. gaude.
The later forms of the word show the same development of the vowel as the West Saxon weald weald and Anglian wald wold.]
1. The plant Reseda Luteola, which yields a yellow dye. Also, the dye obtained from this plant.
αc1374Chaucer Former Age 17 No Madyr, welde, or wod no litestere Ne knewh. c1440Promp. Parv. 520/2 Welde, or wolde, herbe..sandix, attriplex. 1597Gerarde Herbal ii. cxxviii. 398 Luteola..in English Welde and Diers weede. a1661Fuller Worthies, Kent ii. 57 Weld or Wold:—Know, Reader, that I borrow my Orthographie hereof (if it be so) from the Dyers themselves. 1676Phil. Trans. XI. 795 Diarsweed, Weld or Would. 1707[J. Johnson] Clergyman's Vade Mecum 217 Woad, Saffron, Wield, are all small Tythes. 1763W. Lewis Chem. Philos.-Techn. 412 The cloth..is then passed through a copper of weld or woold, prepared as for dying yellow, which is supposed to soften the cloth. 1789Trans. Soc. Arts I. 207 A plat of weld I had planted the autumn before. 1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 539 Weld readily imparts its colour to water; it is used in the proportion of from three to six pounds for every pound of cloth. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 126 The boil of weld, by which the dye of black cloth is frequently finished. 1872Oliver Elem. Bot. ii. 141 Dyer's Mignonette or Weld (R. Luteola) is cultivated for dyeing yellow.
β14..in Sax. Leechd. III. 349/1 Wolde. c1440Promp. Parv. 532/1 Wold, herbe, or woode..sandix. 1496Bk. St. Albans, Fysshynge h ij, Put therein two handfull of ooldys or of wyxen... Lete woode your heer in an woodsfatte a lyght plunket colour. And thenne sethe hym in olde or wyxin. 1530Palsgr. 290/1 Wolde herbe. 1582Hakluyt Voy. (1599) II. i. 163 Yellowes and greenes are colours of small prices in this realme, by reason that Olde and Green⁓weed wherewith they be died be naturall here. a1661,1676Wold, would [see α]. 1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) I. 165 Weld or Would is a rich Dyers Commodity. 1763Woold [see α]. 1791Hamilton tr. Berthollet's Dyeing II. 259 Weld or woald is a plant yielding a yellow colour. 1855Singleton Virgil I. 29 The ram shall..change his fleece, With now the sweetly-blushing purple dye, With now the saffron wold.
γ1498Halyburton Ledger (1867) 223 Item sald hym a town of wald for 7 li. 15 s. 15..Aberd. Reg. (MS.) XXIV, Thre half pokis of wald. 1672Sc. Acts Chas. II (1814) VIII. 63/2 Noe vther incorporation..to buy or sell.. Wald and vther materialls for dying. 1743R. Maxwell Sel. Trans. Agric. 368 For every Pound of Yarn allow three fourths of a Pound good English Wald. 1808Jamieson.
†b. Applied to other species of Reseda. Obs.
1597Gerarde Herbal ii. cxxviii. 396 Of Sesamoides, or bastard Weld or Woade, out of Diosc... 3 Sesamoides maius Scaligeri. Barren Welde. 4 Sesamoides paruum Mathioli. Bucks horne Welde.
2. attrib. and Comb., as weld plant, weld seed; weld-dyeing, weld liquor, weld vat, weld yellow; weldworts, Lindley's name for the N.O. Resedaceæ.
1876W. Morris in Mackail Life (1899) I. 325, I have found out and practised the art of *weld-dyeing.
1763W. Lewis Chem. Philos.-Techn. 413 The passing through *weld liquor, after scowering with soap, is entirely unnecessary.
1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 777 Sheep..will not touch the *weld plants.
1765Museum Rust. IV. 147 The French sow their *weld-seed in July.
1899Mackail W. Morris I. 317 Madder or *weld vats.
1845Lindley School Bot. (new ed.) 72 Resedaceæ—*Weldworts.
1899in Mackail W. Morris I. 312 Madder red, *wald yellow.
▪ II. weld, n.2|wɛld|
[f. weld v.]
1. A joining or joint made by welding.
1831J. Holland Manuf. Metal I. 96 Should the bars of iron not be..long enough, they are to be welded, and the welds separated. 1862Fraser's Mag. Nov. 634 Tires for locomotive engines are also exhibited, made without a weld. 1880Encycl. Brit. XI. 279/2 Each barrel has a weld running down its whole length. 1892Profess. Papers Corps R. Engineers 10 It was desirable, with such a weld, that the two surfaces should not be at an angle and this form of weld was called a ‘butt’ weld.
2. The act, process, or result of welding; the state or fact of being welded.
1862Times 12 Aug. 9/4 Where soundness of weld might have been expected,..thin layers of interposed ‘cinder’ have..prevented perfect union between contiguous laminæ of iron. 1884Lock Workshop Rec. Ser. iii. 68/1 Copper phosphide would be formed, which would..effectually prevent a weld. 1884W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron i. 7 Under these conditions but moderate pressure is required to ensure a perfect weld.
3. Comb.: weld decay, (increased susceptibility to) corrosion in chromium-nickel stainless steel that has been kept at 600° to 900°C for a time (as in welding), owing to the precipitation of chromium carbide and the consequent lowering of the chromium content; weld-iron, wrought iron; weld pool, the pool of molten metal formed about a joint in welding; weld-steel, puddled steel.
1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Weld-iron. Weld-steel. 1884Lock Workshop Rec. Ser. iii. 266/1 Steel which will harden from any cause..is termed weld-steel. 1932E. Gregory Metallurgy vii. 275 The heating of alloy steels of the 18 per cent chromium, 8 per cent nickel type in the range 650°–900°C. greatly decreases their corrosion resistance... This phenomenon is known as weld-decay. 1964W. Steeds Engin. Materials, Machine Tools & Processes (ed. 4) vii. 169 With coated electrodes too high a current..makes control of the weld pool difficult. 1973A. Parrish Mech. Engineer's Ref. Bk. v. 74 This local depletion of chromium causes lack of passivity in acid corrodants with consequent attack along grain boundaries (weld decay). 1975Bram & Downs Manuf. Technol. ii. 55 The arc and the weld pool are protected from atmospheric contamination.
▪ III. weld, v.|wɛld|
[Alteration of well v., prob. under the influence of the pa. pple.]
1. intr. To undergo junction by welding; to admit of being welded. Also fig.
1599Jas. I Basil. Doron iii. 153 Mixinge through..dailie conuersation, the men of euery kingdome with an other, as may with time make them to growe and weld [orig. MS. well] all in one. 1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. i. 10 They say it makes the Iron weld, or incorporate the better. 1724Ramsay Song, Widow 21 Strike iron while 'tis het, if ye'd have it to wald. 1884W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron x. 204 When heated to whiteness..the particles cohere or weld together perfectly.
2. a. trans. To soften by heat and join together (pieces of metal, esp. iron, or iron and steel) in a solid mass, by hammering or by pressure; to forge (an article) by this method.
1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. i. 9 And so weld, or work in the doubling into one another, and make it become one entire lump. 1680Alsop Mischief Imposit. vii. 51 A Cutler's boy..was making a knife, and unluckily the steel fell off when he had welded it. 1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 341 They are usually made of iron and steel welded together. 1832Babbage Econ. Manuf. xxx. (ed. 3) 299 In this difficulty, the contractors resorted to a mode of welding the gun⁓barrel. 1848Lytton Harold i. i, I heard the smith welding arms on the anvil. 1880Encycl. Brit. XI. 284 The bayonet consists of a steel blade welded to a wrought-iron socket.
b. fig. and transf. To unite intimately or inseparably; to join closely together.
(a)1839Bailey Festus 243 Let us love, and die, And weld our souls together, night! 1860Geo. Eliot Mill on Fl. ii. vi, If boys and men are to be welded together in the glow of transient feeling, they must be made of metal that will mix. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer xi, Habits, inexorably welded into the being of the man.
(b)1802J. Playfair Illustr. Huttonian Theory 283 The line of separation..has, on the whole, been marked out with great precision; and, though the stones have been firmly united, or, as one may say, welded one upon another, yet, when a fresh fracture was obtained, the stratified and unstratified parts have rarely failed to be distinguished. 1859Murchison Siluria xi. (ed. 3) 301 The lower part being welded on to the Upper Silurian by thin fissile strata. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xx. 139 All the glaciers..are welded together to a common trunk. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 690 A hypertrophic condition of the horny layers of the epidermis—the cells becoming condensed or ‘welded’ together.
▪ IV. weld
obs. f. weald; obs. f. (and pa. pple.) of wield; var. wold n. |