| 释义 |
-ium, suffix Chem.
a. Used to form the names of metallic elements.
The L. names of metals were in -um, e.g. aurum, argentum, ferrum; the names of sodium, potassium, and magnesium, derived from soda, potassa or potash, and magnesia, were given by Davy in 1807, with the derivative form -ium; and although some of the later metals have received names in -um, the general form is in -ium, as in cadmium, iridium, lithium, osmium, palladium, rhodium, titanium, uranium; in conformity with which aluminum has been altered to aluminium. So hydrogen, when theoretically regarded as a metal, has been called hydrogenium; cf. also ammonium.
b. Used to form the names of various protonated, mostly organic, bases, as anilinium, benzenium, ethenium, flavylium, guanidinium, hydrazinium, imidazolium, pyrylium. Cf. -onium.
This usage of the suffix derives from ammonium. For rules governing the application of the suffix see Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry and Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, published by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. |