| 释义 |
▪ I. † ˈamyl1 Obs.
[ad. L. amyl-um, a. Gr. ἄµυλ-ον starch, fine meal; prop. neut. of adj. ἄµυλ-ος not ground at the mill, f. ἀ priv. + µύλ-ος mill.]
Starch; finest flour. Cf. amydon.
1572B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. (1586) 27 b, Of wheate is made amyl. 1579Langham Gard. Health (1633) 14 Almonds..taken in with fine amill. 1601Holland Pliny II. 171 They haue a property to stanch bleeding, mixed with Amylfloure and mints. Ibid. I. 562 Starch-floure called Amylum..called it is in Greek Amylum, because it neuer came into the mill.
▪ II. amyl2 Chem.|ˈæmɪl|
Formerly -yle.
[f. L. am(ylum) starch + -yle = Gr. ὕλη matter, stuff, substance. So named, because its alcohol was first obtained from the Fusel oil separated in purifying or ‘rectifying’ ordinary spirits distilled from potato or grain starch. The name was not appropriate, as Fusel oil occurs in unrectified spirit of wine from any source (as from the grape or from sugar), and yields propyl, and butyl, as well as amyl alcohol; and it was unfortunate as seeming to connect this radical with the amyloses and amylaceous substances.]
The monatomic alcohol radical of the pentacarbon series C5H11, also called pentyl or quintyl.
(There are eight isomeric modifications of pentyl, of which amyl proper is the second = isopentyl, CH.2CH3.C2H4.)
1850Daubeny Atom. The. vii. 227 We regard this [fusel oil] as the alcohol of the supposed radical..assigning to it the name of Amyle. 1870Daily News 16 Sept., Professor Humphry..looked forward to nitrate of amyle becoming a cure for..lockjaw and hydrophobia. 1870Tyndall Heat xv. §745 The light of the sun also effects the decomposition of the nitrite of amyl vapour. 1875Ure Dict. Arts I. 522 Acetate of amyl, commercially known as jargonelle pear essence.
2. attrib. = of amyl, amylic: as in amyl compounds, amyl series, amyl group; also amyl acetate, amyl chloride, amyl oxide, amyl sulphide, etc.; and esp. in amyl alcohol, also called isopentyl alcohol, and isobutyl carbinol, CH.2CH3.(C2H4)OH, a burning acrid oily liquid of fetid odour, the chief constituent of Fusel oil, produced along with vinic alcohol in the manufacture of brandy; amyl hydride, another name for pentane; ethyl-amyl-acetate, the essence of jargonelle pears.
1863Watts Dict. Chem. (1872) I. 203 Amyl alcohol is difficult to set on fire, and burns with a white smoky flame. 1872Ibid. VI. 107 The amyl-compounds obtained from fusel-oil.
3. As formative in names of compounds containing amyl: as amylacetate, amylacetic, amylaniline, amyl-arsine, amyl-phosphine.
1850Daubeny Atom. The. viii. 240 Amylaniline, a similar compound, into which amyle, as well as aniline, appears to enter, its composition being C12H5.C10H11.HN. 1863Watts Dict. Chem. (1872) I. 205 Sulphide of Amyl and Hydrogen: Amyl-mercaptan.
Add:[2.] amyl nitrate, (a) a colourless liquid, C5H11NO3 , added to diesel fuel to increase the cetane number; (b) = *amyl nitrite below.
[1857H. Watts tr. Gmelin's Hand-Bk. Chem. XI. 65 Nitrate of amyl burns with a faint green-edged flame.] 1911Webster, Amyl nitrate. 1927Jrnl. Inst. Petroleum Technologists XIII. Amyl nitrate and nitrite..according to Midgley are pro-knock. 1968‘A. Diment’ Bang Bang Birds viii. 142 That Amyl Nitrate, that's dynamite, man. 1979S. Wilson Glad Hand I. i. 10 Oh, Christ! Who's on amyl nitrate? Or have you all just forgotten to change your socks? 1982Oil & Gas Jrnl. 31 May 93/3 A number of diesel-ignition improvers..have been commercially available..and include the following compounds: isopropyl nitrate..amyl nitrate. 1989Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 June 1566/2 Amyl nitrate is no longer used as a coronary vasodilator but is often abused for ‘recreational’ purposes by sniffing.
amyl nitrite, a yellowish, volatile liquid, C5H11NO2 , rapidly absorbed by the body on inhalation, which acts as a vasodilator and is sometimes used for its stimulatory effects.
[1857H. Watts tr. Gmelin's Hand-Bk. Chem. XI. 64 Nitrite of amyl is decomposed by peroxide of lead with the aid of heat.] 1881Med. Temp. Jrnl. 72, I have given up the employment of alcohol as a menstruum for amyl nitrite in angina. 1938R. H. A. Plimmer Organic & Bio-Chem. (ed. 6) vi. 68 Amyl nitrite is a pale yellow oil boiling at 96°. 1978Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry CXXXV. 1216/2 Sales of amyl nitrite rose sharply due to its nonmedical use as an agent for getting high and as an aphrodisiac. 1990Amer. Jrnl. Epidemiol. CXXXII. 393/2 Neither the number of sexual partners nor the amyl nitrite usage was significant. |