| 释义 |
isotype|ˈaɪsəʊtaɪp|
[f. iso- + Gr. τύπ-ος type n.1; cf. Gr. ἰσότυπος shaped alike.]
†1. Biol. A type or form of animal or plant common to different countries or regions.
1881T. Gill in Smithsonian Rep. 460 The Shrews are isotypes in Europe and North America. 1905Bull. U.S. Nat. Museum No. 53. 16 Isotypes (equal or like and form): Forms common to different countries; e.g. the Shrews are isotypes in Europe and North America.
2. Min. Any mineral which is isotypic with another; an assemblage of minerals of which all the members are isotypic with one another.
1901Mineral. Mag. XIII. 52 These minerals are placed by F. Rinne in the ‘magnesium type’ of his isotypes. 1943Science 22 Jan. 99/1 A more complex type formula is necessary to cover the phosphates, arsenates and hydrates which are now recognized as isotypes. 1947Mineral. Abstr. X. 52 With substitution of Si by other elements various isotypes are illustrated.
3. Bot. A duplicate of the holotype.
1919F. W. Pennell in Torreya XIX. 13 To meet this need [for a term for a duplicate type] I suggest the term isotype. 1943Rhodora XLV. 485 If a type specimen is lost or unavailable an isotype is in general much more important than a paratype for the interpretation of a name. 1966Internat. Code Bot. Nomencl. ii. 19 An isotype is any duplicate (part of a single gathering made by a collector at one time) of the holotype.
4. Also Isotype. [f. International system of typographic picture education.] The name of an international picture language devised by O. Neurath (1882–1945): used esp. to display statistical information in a convenient visual form.
1936O. Neurath Internat. Picture Lang. 17 We have made one international picture language..into which statements may be put from all the normal languages of the earth. We have given it the name ‘isotype’. 1945G. Williams Women & Work 10 Isotype charts..illustrate and elaborate the argument. 1948Sunday Times 15 Feb. 2/6 A record in powerful and sometimes horrifying images of misery, interrupted by only a few isotypes. 1950Neurath & Lauwerys Living in Early Times 1 These Isotype symbols..are always kept as simple and clear as possible. 1966Chambers's Encycl. IX. 792/2 He [sc. O. Neurath] developed the ‘isotype’, a system of visual linguistics... His isotype films, e.g. World of Plenty, attracted wide attention. 1966M. Pei Gloss. Ling. Terminology 135 Isotype, a system of writing that uses non-phonetic symbols of universal significance, designed as a medium of education, but also to convey information in ready visual form (the picture of one soldier to indicate an army division). |