| 释义 |
isinglass|ˈaɪzɪŋglɑːs, -æ-|
Forms: 6 isonglas, 7 ison glass, 7–8 isonglass, ising-glass, 8 icinglass, icing-glass, 7– isinglass.
[Supposed to be a corruption or imperfect imitation of an obs. Du. huisenblas (Kilian huysenblase, huysblas), Ger. hausenblase isinglass, lit. ‘sturgeon's bladder’: see hausen and huso.
No English forms approaching the Du. more closely have been found, so that, if this was the source, the perversion of the name would seem to have been made at its first adoption.]
1. A firm whitish semitransparent substance (being a comparatively pure form of gelatin) obtained from the sounds or air-bladders of some fresh-water fishes, esp. the sturgeon; used in cookery for making jellies, etc., also for clarifying liquors, in the manufacture of glue, and for other purposes. Also extended to similar substances made from hides, hoofs, etc.
(Cited in Rogers Agric. & Prices IV and VI for the years 1527, 1585, 1601, 1623, etc., but without any information as to the name under which it is mentioned.)
1545Rates of Custome-ho. b v b, Ison [printed m] glas the C. li. xxxiiis. iiiid. 1660Act 12 Chas II, c. 25 §11 That noe Merchant Vintner..retailing any Wine shall..put in any Isinglasse Brimstone Lime Raisons Juice of Raisons [etc.]. 1662Stat. Irel. (1765) II. 401 Ison glass the hundred pound 10l. 1663Boyle Usef. Exp. Nat. Philos. ii. i. 24 Ising-glass steeped two days in water, and then boiled up. 1678Phillips (ed. 4), Ichthyocolla, a kind of Glew made of the skin of Fishes, commonly called Isonglass. 1723Pres. St. Russia I. 76 Icing-glass, (of that sort which is a Glue made of a Fish). 1727W. Mather Yng. Man's Comp. 439 A Beer-Glass full of White-Wine, wherein an Ounce of Isonglass is dissolved. 1802Bingley Anim. Biog. (1813) III. 91 The isinglass most common in our shops, is made from a species of dolphin, called the beluga. 1842Barham Ingol. Leg., Blasphemer's Warn., Jellies composed of punch, calves' feet and isinglass. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 192/1 A little isinglass or white of egg is first spread over the surface.
2. A name given to mica, from its resembling in appearance some kinds of isinglass.
1747Dr. Cooke in Hanway Trav. (1762) I. iv. lviii. 266 We observed a great quantity of sea-glass [note] Commonly called isinglass, of which lanthorns are made. 1750G. Hughes Barbados ii. 55 The Soil..is often mixed with small Flakes of Icinglass, as well as pieces of transparent Talc. 1751Sir J. Hill Mat. Med. 247 Muscovy Talk or Isinglass. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. II. 75 Isinglass (mica membranacea)..is a famous mineral production of Russia. 1868I. Saxon 5 Yrs. within the Golden Gate 84 Those gleaming particles in the rich-looking red earth being nothing more than a substance called by miners ‘isinglass’.
†3. A kind of moth. Obs.
1759Pullein in Phil. Trans. LI. 56 The moth of this pod is called the Isinglass by Marian.
4. attrib. and Comb., as isinglass glue, isinglass size; isinglass-fish, a sturgeon or other fish from which isinglass is obtained; isinglass-stone, mica.
1688G. Parker & J. Stalker Treat. Japanning v. 22 To make Isinglass-Size. 1740R. Brookes Art of Angling ii. xli. 159 The Ising-Glass-Fish..is usually met with in the Seas about Muscovy. 1751Sir J. Hill Mat. Med. Index, Isinglass Stone. 1772Ann. Reg. 126/1 If this tin-foil be gilt with gold leaf, by means of thin isinglass glue, the medal will resemble gold. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 716 The colours may be..laid on with isinglass size. 1828Webster, Isinglass-stone, see Mica. |