| 释义 |
amplification|ˌæmplɪfɪˈkeɪʃən|
Also 6 -cion.
[ad. L. amplificātiōn-em, n. of action f. amplificā-re: see amplify and -tion.]
The action of amplifying, extending or enlarging.
1. Of things material: enlargement. Also concr. that which is added, or causes enlargement.
1546Langley Pol. Verg. De Invent vi. iii. 116 b, The preseruacion and amplificacion of fruictes, ordeyned for y⊇ sustenaunce of man. 1615Crooke Body of Man 560 This amplification or inlargement hapneth because al the spirits doe assemble themselues vnto the eye which is open. 1705Col. Records Penn. II. 218 Allowing one penny per line for Emplyfications. 1763Reid Inq. Hum. Mind (T.) This amplification of the visible figure of a known object. 1830Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) I. 247 The reprinting and amplification of the ‘Catechism on the Corn Laws.’
2. Of things immaterial: augmentation in extent, importance, significance, etc. Also concr. an enlarged or extended representation.
1569in Strype Ann. Ref. I. liii. 567 That his studies and labours..might be..to the glory of God, and the amplification of the whole University. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq., A more full Amplification of his enormous Pride. 1687Assur. Abby Lands 133 The Pope sent an Amplification of His Powers. 1874Sayce Comp. Philol. vii. 282 To regard the dual as an amplification of the plural forms.
3. esp. Of words and phrases: extension of meaning. amplification of the predicate, in Grammar, = extension or enlargement of the predicate.
1551Robinson More's Utopia (1869) 105 Those rules of restrictions, amplifications and suppositions, verye wittelye inuented in the small Logicalles. 1578Timme Calvin on Gen. 195 This saying [in this generation]..is added for Amplification. 1656Hardy Serm. 1 John (1865) xxx. 185/2 An amplification of the proposition. 1870Spurgeon Treas. David xvi. i. I. 217 The intercession recorded in John xvii is but an amplification of this cry.
4. Rhet. The extension of simple statement by all such devices as tend to increase its rhetorical effect, or to add importance to the things stated; making the most of a thought or circumstance.
1553T. Wilson Rhet. 64 No one [figure] so muche helpeth forwarde an Oracion, and beautifieth the same with suche delitefull ornamentes as dooeth amplificacion. 1651Hobbes Rhet. (1840) 438 An orator in praising, must also use the forms of amplification. 1727Pope Art of Sinking 89 Amplification..is the spinning-wheel of the bathos, which draws out and spreads it into the finest thread. 1829I. Taylor Enthus. viii. 191 Modern writers..have expatiated with disproportionate amplification upon the corruptions.
5. The particulars by which a statement is amplified or an account exaggerated; the amplified or exaggerated statement itself.
1567Jewel Def. Apol. 104 (R.) By sutche amplifications and outrage in speache, it would appeare, Christe were Peters vicare. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. 2 No amplification at all, but a positiue and measured truth. 1779Johnson L.P., Pope Wks. 1787 IV. 65 The essay [on Man] abounded in splendid amplifications. 1841T. Trollope West. France II. xxxiv. 166 To exercise the novices..in writing amplifications on the lives of the saints. 1869Phillips Vesuv. i. 6 The story is given with amplifications by Plutarch.
6. Electr. The action of amplifying (see amplify v. 2 b). Also attrib.
1915Year-Bk. Wireless Telegr. 665 Amplification (Magnification). The ratio of the useful effect obtained by the employment of the amplifier to the useful effect obtained without that instrument. 1919J. A. Fleming Thermionic Valve vii. 249 Method..for Measuring the Amplification Factor. 1920H. J. Van der Bijl Thermionic Vacuum Tube vii. 160 The constant µ..can therefore be referred to as the amplification constant. 1935Discovery Sept. 278/2 Special valves are being developed suitable for direct signal amplification at the ultra-high frequencies. 1942Electronic Engin., XV. 127/3 Existing formulæ for the amplification factor of the three electrode valve..assume..that the distance between the grid and anode is large. 1943Gloss. Terms Telecomm. (B.S.I.) 32 Amplification factor, the voltage factor of the anode and the control electrode, the anode current remaining unchanged. 1962Newnes Encycl. Electr. Engin. 825/2 It [sc. the transistor] can be used..to give current or voltage amplification as desired.
▸ Genetics. The production of additional or multiple copies of a gene or other nucleic acid sequence, as a natural or artificial process.
1968Nature 17 Feb. 649/1 (heading) Gene amplification in the oocyte nucleus of mutant and wild-type Xenopus laevis. 1983B. Lewin Genes xxiii. 372/1 Circular extrachromosomal molecules of DNA each containing many repeating units are produced by amplification of the chromosomal repeating units. 1990Mutagenesis 5 523/1 The polymerase chain reaction..allows the amplification of any piece of mutant DNA. 1997New Scientist 29 Nov. 103/2 (advt.) Experience in immunoassays, gene amplification techniques and virology..is required. |