| 释义 |
▪ I. irk, n. rare.|ɜːrk|
[f. irk a. or v.]
Tedium, irksomeness, annoyance.
1570Levins Manip. 142/14 Hirk, or irk, tædium. 1870Véra xix. (1871) 179 [If] Princess Anna had felt any irk, privation, or strain.
▪ II. † irk, a. Obs.
Also 4–5 yrk, 4–6 irke, (5 erke), 5–6 yrke.
[ME., orig. northern and north midl.; not known outside Eng.: see next.]
Weary, tired; troubled; ‘bored’, disgusted; loath. Const. of (rarely with), or with inf.
a1300Cursor M. 6425 Sua lang he heild [his hend] vp..þof he was irk it was na wonder. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 4542 Yn goddys seruyse are swyche men yrk. c1400Rom. Rose 4867 Men therynne shulde hem delite, And of that deede be not erke. c1420Anturs of Arth. 77 The daye woxe als dirke Als it were mydnyghte myrke, Ther of sir Gawane was irke. c1440Gesta Rom. i. xv. 51 (Add. MS.) His doughter was yrke of hym and of his meany. c1460Play Sacram. 917 To Calle to god for grace looke þou neuer be Irke. 1540tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden No. 29) 100 So yrke were all men of domesticall discorde. 1576Ld. Vaux Poems, Desyreth exchange of life (Grosart) 18 The life is irke of joyes that be delayed. a1650Heir of Sin 54 in Furniv. Percy Fol. I. 177 That mery man is irke with mee.
▪ III. irk, v. arch.|ɜːk|
Also 4–7 irke, yrk(e, (5 erke, 5–6 hirk, 6 erk, irck, yirke, yerk, urke).
[ME. irke-n, yrke-n, orig. northern and north midl.; found with the cognate adj. irk, from c 1300; the compound forirk v. occurs as early as c 1250; of uncertain origin.
It does not appear whether the vb. was formed from the adj. (which would a priori be the more likely) or vice versa. The affinities outside Eng. are also uncertain; there was a rare MHG. erken to be disagreeable, to disgust, nauseate, with freq. erkeln, and adj. erklich abhorrent, which suits the sense; but the rarity of this, with its non-appearance in LG., causes difficulties. On the other hand, the northern character of the word in Eng. has suggested its identity with ON. yrkja (= Goth. waurkjan, OE. wyrcean) to work, to take effect upon, Sw. yrka to urge, press, enforce; the theory being that the notion ‘it works me’ might have developed in Eng. that of ‘it wearies, tires, or disgusts me’. But for this there is no actual evidence; ON. yrkir does not even appear impersonally used.]
†1. intr. To grow weary or tired; to feel vexed, ‘bothered’ or disgusted; to feel it burdensome, to be loath (to do something). Const. of (rarely with, at), or with inf. Obs.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 11122 So manye þer were in chaumbre & halle, Man schuld yrke to telle þem alle. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xviii. (Egipciane) 786 Modir als of haly kyrk, to safe synful þat wil nocht Irk. c1450Cov. Myst. xviii. (Shaks. Soc.) 178 In Goddys servyse I xal nevyr irke. 1485Digby Myst. iv. 111 The wounder was so grete, I yrkit to com nere. 1513Douglas æneis xii. Prol. 302 For the dynnyng of hir wanton cry I irkyt of my bed, and mycht nocht ly. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 719 My pen wald tyre and eik my self wald irk. 1549Latimer 4th Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 117 If I should haue sayed al that I knewe, youre eares woulde haue yrked, to haue hearde it. 1596H. Clapham Briefe Bible ii. 148 The wretch yrking at his former fact, came and brought his 30 peeces of Silver to the Rulers. 1598R. Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. iv. vi. (1622) 98 Euery souldier irked with the remembrance of his labours. 1619Sanderson Serm. (1637) 39, I irke to rake longer in this sinke. 1659D. Pell Impr. Sea 72 An honest heart will irk ill, and fret, and grow discontented at it. 1797T. Wright Autobiog. (1864) 40 My poor old aunt evidently irked with the business.
†2. trans. To be weary of or disgusted with; to loathe. Obs.
c1460Towneley Myst. xxi. 210 All is out of har and that shall he yrk. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. Pref. 2 Hystorie..detesteth, erketh, and abhorreth vices. 1575Mirr. Mag., Collingbourne vi, This ougly fault, no tyrant lyues but vrkes. 1628Gaule Pract. The. (1629) 226 He..irkes the vntimely trouble, to haue sought witnesses elsewhere.
3. Of a thing: To affect with weariness, dislike, or disgust; to weary, tire; to trouble; to disgust, to ‘bore’. Also absol. arch.
1513More Rich. III, Wks. 38/1 This discencion beetwene hys frendes sommewhat yrked hym. 1595Spenser Col. Clout 906 He is repayd with scorne and foule despite, That yrkes each gentle heart which it doth heare. 1599H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner D ij, Medlers..if you deale much with them, they wil extremely irck, and loath you. 1702Rowe Tamerl. i. ii. 614 This After-game of Words is what most irks me. 1848C. Brontë J. Eyre xxxiv, The garrulous glee of reception irked him. 1864Browning Rabbi Ben Ezra iv, Irks care the crop-full bird? 1886Manch. Exam. 28 May 5/5 It was not thought well to irk them by an unpleasant policy of coercion.
b. impers. it irks (me), it wearies, annoys, troubles (me); = L. piget. Const. inf. or clause; formerly of. arch.
1483Cath. Angl. 198/2 To irke, fastidire, tedere, pigere. c1530More Answ. Poysoned Bk. Wks. 1135/1 It yrketh me to looke vppon the place agayne nowe when it is to late to mend it. 1552Latimer Serm. Lincoln iv. 88 It irked them that they should pay tribute. 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa (Hakluyt Soc.) II. 414 This towne is so durtie, that it would irke a man to walke the streets. 1646P. Bulkeley Gospel Covt. v. 372 Mony times it irks us that we had them, and now have them not. 1721Strype Eccl. Mem. III. i. xxx. 236 Then it irked him of his theft. 1742Shenstone Schoolmistr. 164 It irks me while I write. 1813Byron Corsair i. xiii, It irks not me to die. 1850Hawthorne Scarlet L. iii. (1883) 84 It irks me..that the partner of her iniquity should not..stand on the scaffold by her side.
c. pass. To be wearied, tired, grieved, or vexed. arch.
1514Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) p. xlv, Sometime art thou yrked of them at the table. 1588A. King tr. Canisius' Catech. 72 My saule is irked to liue. 1647Trapp Comm. 1 Thess. ii. 14 Moab was irked, because of Israel, or vexed at them. 1883E. C. Stedman in Century Mag. XXVI. 940 People are irked by his acceptance of life. 1898T. Hardy Wessex Poems 31 You are irked that they have withered so.
Hence ˈirked ppl. a.; ˈirking vbl. n. and ppl. a.
c1400in Hampole's Wks. (1895) I. 166 In þe begynnyng or it come to any hirkyng or hewenes of sclauth. c1400Lay Folks Mass Bk. App. iii. 123 Wiþ irkynge of herte. 1513Douglas æneis iii. viii. 11 Sone on our irkit lymmis, lethis, and banis The naturall rest of sleip slaid all at anis. 16022nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. iii. v. 1468 By his counsell we Will end our too much yrked misery. 1628Gaule Pract. The. (1629) 319 They find this Serpent..somewhat cold and irkeing. 1650W. Brough Sacr. Princ. (1659) 476 The irkings of a moment undo the ills of all thy ages. 1887R. L. Stevenson Mem. & Portr. x. 174 They have more or less solved the irking problem.
▪ IV. irk
var. erk. |