| 释义 |
ˈionize, v.2 Physics.
[f. ion + -ize.]
1. trans. To convert into an ion or ions; to produce ions in (a substance or medium). Also absol.
1898Sir W. Crookes Addr. Brit. Assoc. 24 The thorium rays affect photographic plates through screens of paper or aluminium... They ionise the air, making it an electrical conductor. 1901B. Blount Pract. Electro-Chem. i. 16 Solutions of moderate strength..behave as if a portion of the molecules were ionised and a portion were present as ordinary molecules. 1915Proc. R. Soc. XCI. 485 The minimum energy required to ionise an atom of mercury is that acquired by an electron in passing through a fall of potential of 4·9 volts. 1916Physical Rev. VIII. 386 None of the electrons emitted by the cathode are able to ionize until they have moved a fraction V0/V of the distance toward the anode. 1927N. V. Sidgwick Electronic Theory of Valency i. 10 Whenever an atom is ionized, whether by chemical combination, or by exposure under suitable conditions to the action of light, heat, or electricity, it gains or loses one or more electrons. 1947Sci. News IV. 55 Through the action of various radiations the gas in this region is ionised, i.e., split into electrically positive or negative particles. 1956Hine & Brownell Radiation Dosimetry i. 2 Electromagnetic radiations, having energies above a few kev, ionize by virtue of the secondary electrons released when they are absorbed. 1963C. A. McDowell Mass Spectrometry xii. 507 Electrons with sufficient energy can ionize molecules by the following process.
2. intr. To dissociate into ions; to become converted (wholly or partly) into ions.
1904T. S. Moore in R. A. Lehfeldt Electro-Chem. ii. 130 Those di-acid bases which ionise in stages show the same relation between the first and second ionisation as the dibasic acids. 1930Field & Weill Electro-Plating vii. 92 Copper sulphate ionises as follows: CuSO4{equil}Cu¨ + SO4¯¯. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. VI. 60/1 At..the breakdown voltage, the nearly conducting gas ionizes and becomes a good conductor, and a self-sustained discharge is established. 1968R. O. C. Norman Princ. Org. Synthesis ii. 63 There is an increase in stabilization energy when acetic acid ionizes.
3. Med. (trans.)
a. To introduce (a substance) into tissue by means of medical ionization.
b. To treat by medical ionization.
1909Lancet 13 Mar. 756/2 If a person ionises cocaine into himself..the skin becomes anæsthetic. Ibid., I have placed under the microscope a piece of skin ionised with calcium. 1913H. L. Jones Ionic Medication iii. 84 They [sc. corns] should have a thorough preliminary soaking.., and then may be ionized. 1936J. N. Dyson Pract. Ionization iv. 51 For certain reasons the ulcer was ionized in two parts. 1949Brit. Jrnl. Physical Med. XII. 144/2 Penicillin was ‘ionized’ into the skin covering the paronychia.
Hence ˈionized ppl. a.; ˈionizing vbl. n. and ppl. a.; † ionizing potential = ionization potential (s.v. ionization2 3); ionizing radiation, radiation which produces ionization in matter through which it passes.
1899Nature 30 Nov. 114/1 The only ionising inorganic solvents hitherto found in addition to water are nitric acid and liquefied ammonia. 1902Phil. Mag. IV. 704 The ionization observed in gases may be due..to the emission of an ionizing radiation from the walls of the containing vessel. 1914Proc. R. Soc. A. XC. 398 It appeared to be of interest to measure the ionising potential for negative corpuscles under experimental conditions somewhat different from those previously adopted. 1919J. A. Crowther (title) Ions, electrons, and ionizing radiations. Ibid. v. 52 We have already seen..that the current through an ionized gas increases with increasing electric field up to a certain maximum value known as the saturation current. 1924S. Dushman in H. S. Taylor Treat. Physical Chem. II. xvi. 1110 This accounts for the production of arcs in gases at voltages below the ionizing potential. 1935Brit. Jrnl. Radiol. VIII. 479 The Hospital Physicist is required to measure ionising radiations covering the vast range of intensities from many röntgens per second down to comparatively weak intensities. 1935Discovery Mar. 76/2 It was clear that the sun is the ionising agent. 1937Ibid. Jan. 5/2 (caption) The transmitter sends out 50 pulses per second, which after travelling to the ionised layers are reflected and received by the receiver. 1956A. H. Compton Atomic Quest 42 He had perfected to a high degree the Geiger counters that have become so valuable for measuring ionizing radiations. 1969R. & E. Brecher Rays xxvi. 416 Of special interest during the 1960's were the studies of what happens when ionizing radiation is absorbed by human cells. 1970D. W. Turner et al. Molecular Photoelectron Spectroscopy i. 2 This instrument possessed the advantage of..intimate juxtaposition of ionizing region and analyser entrance slit. |