| 释义 |
▪ I. warren, n.1|ˈwɒrən|
Forms: 4 wareine, 4–5 wareyne, 5 warenne, warreyne, 5–6 -ayn, wareyn, war(r)ane, 6 warryn, 6–7 waren, warraine, 7 warrin, 5– warren; β. 4–5 warraynte, 5 warand(e, -ant, 5–6 warraunte, 6, 8 warrant.
[a. AF. warenne, North-eastern OF. warenne, waresne (whence AL. warenna), corresp. to Central OF., mod.F. garenne, game-park, also (now chiefly) rabbit-warren, Pr. garena; of Teut. origin, f. root *war- to protect, guard: cf. OF. warir ware v. The suffix is obscure, and it is uncertain whether the word is of Teut. or Rom. formation. The OF. type *warande (garande, -ende), whence the (M)Du. warande park, may be a mere variant, or it may represent a Teut. pr. pple. OF. had also a form varene (perh. due to the med.L. varenna of charters) which survives in mod.F. varenne moor inhabited by game.
The β forms below may possibly in part represent the OF. *warande, but cf. the English addition of t in tyrant. Caxton's warande was adopted from his Du. original.]
1. a. A piece of land enclosed and preserved for breeding game. Obs. exc. Hist.
α1377Langl. P. Pl. B. Prol. 163 Vncoupled þei wenden Boþe in wareine & in waste where hem leue lyketh. 1429Rolls of Parlt. IV. 344/1 Unlaweful hunters of Forestes, Parkes or Warennes, or any other opyn Mysdoers. a1440Sir Degrev. 422 He made my londes barreyne, My wodes and my warreyne, My wylde ys away. c1500Melusine xix. 99 Thanne they came out of the wareyne [where they had chased a hart]. 1558in Phillipps Wills (c 1830) 127 All that part of my Warren of Albourne which lieth within the precincts of Southwood Walke. 1563in Rymer Fœdera (1719) XV. 629 Keeper of Parks Houses Waranes or other Games of Venerye. 1577–87Harrison England ii. xix. 206/1 in Holinshed, In parks and warrens we haue nothing else than..the keepers and wareners lodge. 1592Expos. Terms Law 196 b, Warren is a place priuiledged by prescription or graunt of the Queene for the preseruation of hares, conies, partriges and feasantes or anie of them. 1599Shakes. Much Ado ii. i. 222, I found him heere as melancholy as a Lodge in a Warren. c1610Beaum. & Fl. Scornf. Lady v. i, Ile make you take a tree, whore,..and then haue you cast, and hung vp ith warren. a1634Coke Inst. iv. lxxiii. (1648) 298 He that hath a Warren within a free Chase may build upon his own inheritance within his Warren a convenient lodge for preservation of his game. 1683Brit. Spec. 17 The Forests, Parks..Warrens, and Woods stored with wild Beasts only for Recreation and Food. 1698Froger Voy. 9 A sort of wild Apple, or Crab tree, that grow as thick as Broom in a Heath or Warren. 1700Evelyn Diary 13 July, I went to Marden, which was originally a barren warren bought by Sir Robert Clayton. 1769Blackstone Comm. IV. xiii. 175 Being the owner, or keeper, of a forest, park, chase, or warren.
β1481Caxton Reynard xvii. (Arb.) 42 It stondeth in a woode named hulsterlo vpon a warande in the wyldernesse. 1519Surtees Misc. (1890) 32 That no man hawke nor hunte wtin my Lord's warraunte. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. E 3, You shall haue some that..will not sticke to pull downe whole townes..and..make them parkes, chases, warrants and I cannot tell what of the same. 1702Phil. Trans. XXIII. 1051 Therefore when Orders are given to hunt the Elephants, they pitch upon a convenient place for a Warrant or Park.
b. transf. and fig.
a1586Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 25 Hee goeth hand in hand with Nature, not inclosed within the narrow warrant of her guifts, but freely ranging onely within the Zodiack of his owne wit. 1749Fielding Tom Jones v. iv, He bid him beat abroad, and not poach up the Game in his Warren. 1860Mill Repr. Govt. (1865) 135/2 One people may keep another as a warren or preserve for its own use, a place to make money in.
†c. (free) warren, a right of keeping or hunting beasts and fowls of warren (see d). Obs.
1485Rolls of Parlt. VI. 374/1 The Office of Keping of Woode, in the Lordshipp of Kyrtlyngton, and Keping of Warren of Hares there. 1512Act 4 Hen. VIII, c. 10 §2 The Bailifwike of Toppsam with the Selerage and Cranage and the Waren of Cones within the same. a1513Fabyan Chron. vii. (1533) 20 b, The kynge grauntyd to y⊇ sayd cytesyns of London wareyn, that is to meane that the cytesyns haue free lybertye of huntynge certayne cyrcuyte aboute London. 1596Bacon Elem. Com. Law i. (1630) 13 If I haue free warren in mine owne hand, and let my land for life not mentioning the warren, yet the leasee by implication shall haue the warren discharged and extract during his lease. 1603G. Owen Pembrokesh. (1892) 268 Whosoever hath libertie of free warren, maye haue his speciall action of Trespasse at the comon lawe, against anye that shall hunte or chase therein. 1766Blackstone Comm. II. iii. 38 Free-warren is a similar franchise, erected for preservation or custody (which the word signifies) of beasts and fowls of warren. 1766Porny Heraldry iv. (1777) 89 Sir John de Chetwynd..had a charter of free-warren through all his demesne. 1810Sporting Mag. XXXVI. 26 Whether the rights of free warren and free chace were conferred. 1875Blackmore Alice Lorraine II. xx. 274, I am to have free warren of all Sir Remnant's vast estates. 1913H. W. C. Davis Regesta Reg. Anglo-Norm. Introd. 31 Grants of free hunting are few in number; even the right of free warren is sparingly granted.
†d. beasts, fowls of warren: see quots. 1598 and 1628.
1539Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 5 A chase..for nourishyng generacion and feeding of beastes of venery, and of foules of waren. 1598J. Manwood Laws of Forest iv. 22 b, The beasts and foules of Warren are these, the Hare, the Connie, the Phesant, and the Partridge. 1628Coke On Litt. 233 There bee both Beasts and Foules of the Warren, Beasts, as Hares, Conies, and Roes..Fowles..as Partridge, Quaile, Raile,..Phesant, Woodcocke,..Mallard, Herne.
2. a. spec. A piece of land appropriated to the breeding of rabbits (formerly also of hares). More fully rabbit-warren (see rabbit n.1 3 a), cony-warren, hare-warren.
Now usually a piece of uncultivated ground on which rabbits breed wild in burrows.
c1400Master of Game (MS. Digby 182) i, Whan hares be ygete with the kynde of a conynge, as somme ben in the warrayntes [Bodl. MS. wareynes], the houndes lust nor sentith hem nought so wele. a1513Fabyan Chron. vii. (1533) 50 These chyldren..entred the warrayn of a lord of Fraunce..and there chased and shote at Conyes for theyr disport. 1529Supplic. to King (E.E.T.S.) 48 Warrens swarminge full of conyes. 1538Elyot Dict., Lagotrophia, a warren or parke of hares. 1566Act 8 Eliz. c. 15 §5 In any Parke Warren or Grounde employed to the mayntenaunce of any game of Conyes. 1600Hakluyt Voy. III. 442 We found the whole countrey to bee a warren of a strange kinde of Conies. 1607J. Norden Surv. Dial. iii. 114 Whether hath he any Warren of Conies, or Hares. 1697Vanbrugh Relapse ii. i, Like a young Puppy in a Warren, they have a Flirt at all, and catch none. 1773Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. ii, When company comes you are not to pop out and stare, and then run in again, like frighted rabbits in a warren. 1807Crabbe Par. Reg. i. 813 He poach'd the wood, and on the warren snared. 1850‘Sylvanus’ Bye-lanes & Downs iv. 51 After passing..over a warren crenelled like a cullender, and divers stubble fields. 1875W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownsh. 81 The land along the coast [of the Bay of Luce] is a vast warren of rabbits.
b. transf.
1601Holland Pliny ix. lvi. I. 267 Fulvius Hirpinus was the first inventor of warrens as it were for Winkles [L. cochlearum vivaria]. 1845Darwin Voy. Nat. xvii. (1860) 388 The holes..enter the ground at a small angle; so that when walking over these lizard-warrens, the soil is constantly giving way.
†c. slang. [Misapprehension of warren var. of warrant n.] (See quots.)
1609Dekker Lanth. & Candle-light iv. Wks. (Grosart) III. 231 He vpon whose credit these Rabbet-suckers runne, is called the Warren. Ibid. 236 Whilst this faire weather lasteth,..These Rabbet suckers keep to the Warren wherein they fatned. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Warren, he that is Security for Goods taken up, on Credit, by Extravagant young Gentlemen.
3. The inhabitants of a warren; transf. any collection or assemblage of small animals.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 271 In which, three or foure couple of Hares do quickly multiply into a great warren. 1625Fletcher Women Pleas'd ii. iv, He is so hairie, That a tame warren of flyes frisk round about him. 1692R. L'Estrange Fables æsop, etc. cccxxxiii. 291 The Cony..Convenes a Whole Warren; Tells her Story, and Advises upon a Revenge. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxix. 393 It was marvellous..what a perfect warren [of rats] we soon had on board.
4. A building or settlement likened to a rabbit-warren; † a brothel; a building or cluster of dwellings (esp. if partly underground) densely populated by poor tenants. Also, any area of living or office space characterized as a mass of passages and (small) rooms. Cf. rabbit-warren s.v. rabbit n.1 3 a.
a1649Dk. Newcastle Country Capt. iii. i, And New yeares giftes from soadred virgins and their shee Provincialls whose warren must bee licenc'd from our Office. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Warren,..also a Boarding-school and a Bawdy-house. 1884Standard 5 June, The Conservative party has recognized it in the case of the rookeries with which London still swarms. Will it not do something also for the warrens? 1886Tennyson Locksley Hall 60 Yrs. After 224 And the crowded couch of incest in the warrens of the poor. 1918Blackw. Mag. Jan. 124/1 The marg..is covered with a warren of huts scattered haphazard. 1919Ibid. Nov. 693/1 A large passenger steamer..is, as every one who has travelled by water knows, an amazing warren of passages. 1922Joyce Ulysses 423 Figures wander, lurk, peer from warrens. 1954J. R. R. Tolkien Fellowship of Ring i. 31 Mr. Frodo left an orphan..brought up anyhow in Brandy Hall. A regular warren, by all accounts. 1977W. J. Weatherby Home in Dark xxi. 113 It was a house to hide in: you hardly existed in this anonymous warren. 1980R. Rendell Lake of Darkness iv. 41 A room smaller than this one divided into three... It's a real warren.
†5. An old name for the site of Woolwich Arsenal. Hence used gen. (see quot. 1769). Obs.
1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780), Fr. Terms, Arcenal de marine, a royal dock-yard, together with its warren or gun-wharf. Ibid., Commissaire, He keeps a register of all the artillery within the warren where he resides. 1774Ambulator 223 Woolwich..In the warren or park, where they make trial of great guns and mortars, there are several thousand pieces of ordnance for ships and batteries [etc.]. 1805Ann. Reg. (Otridge's ed.) 400 The ordnance board have signified to general Lloyd who commands the Artillery at Woolwich, that the warren at that place is to be from this time denominated the ‘Royal Arsenal’.
†6. (See quot.) Obs.—0[A spurious sense; the article is translated from the article Garenne in Chomel's Dict. Littré has garenne à poisson.] 1725Bradley's Family Dict., Warren, a Term in Fishery, being an easy and cheap way, of preserving and storing Fish, in the midst of a River, by making, as it were a Warren, for the Fish to retreat to.
7. attrib. and Comb., as warren-hill, warren-rabbit, warren-wall; warren-like adj.
1700Chauncy Hertfordsh. 481 Upon the Warren Hill is an Eccho, which will repeat to a Trumpet twelve times together. a1742in Ann. Reg. 1762, ii. 52, I have lived three years in a poor cottage under your warren-wall. 1876Tyndall Ess. Float-Matter Air (1881) 128 It was the same green hue throughout, though of varying degrees of intensity... In rabbit it was less fine than in hare, and in a tame rabbit less fine than in a warren rabbit. 1889Fabian Ess. 218 A warren-like scuttle of alarmed..Radicals across the floor of the House of Commons. 1890‘Lyth’ Golden South 168 We found ‘New Old Pipeclay’ [diggings] more warren-like than the one we had seen.
▪ II. † ˈwarren, -yn, a. Sc. Obs. rare—1.
[? f. warre + -en.]
warren tree, a hard oak. Cf. warried a., warry a.1
1513Douglas æneis xi. iii. 84 The mekill syllis of the warryn [ed. 1710 warren] tre Wyth wedgis and with proppis bene devyd.
▪ III. warren
obs. form of warrant, warn v.1 |