| 释义 |
▪ I. warlock, n.1|ˈwɔːlɒk|
Forms: 1 wǽrloᵹa, wérloᵹa, 3 werlau, werlaw, 3–4 warlou, 3–5 warlagh(e, warlau, warlaw(e, 4–5 warlag, warlaȝ(e, warloghe, werlaughe, 4–5 (6–7 Sc.) warlow(e, 4–6 (? 9) Sc. warlo, 5 warlach, warloo, warlowȝ, werlawe, 6 Sc. warloche, warlok, vairloche, varlo, 7 ? warelocke, warlike, warluck, 8 (Sc.), 9 warlock.
[OE. wǽr-loᵹa wk. masc. traitor, enemy, devil, etc. = OS. wâr-logo wk. masc. ? deceiver (once, Hêliand 3817, in pl. wârlogon applied to the Pharisees). The first element is probably OE. wǽr str. fem. covenant = OHG. wâra truth, ON. várar str. fem. pl. solemn promise, vow (cf. Vǽringi confederate, Varangian); cf. OSlav. vĕra faith. This is a derivative from the adj. represented by OE. wǽr true (once, Genesis 681; ? a. OS.) = OS., OHG. wâr true:—OTeut. *wǣro-:—Pre-Teut. *wēro- = L. vērus. The second element (an agent-n. related to OE. léoᵹan to lie, belie, deny) occurs also in the similar comps. áþ-loᵹa, tréow-loᵹa (OS. treulogo), wed-loᵹa (ME. wedlowe), an oath-breaker, etc.
This seems to have been the original sense of the present word, but the special application to the Devil (either as a rebel, or a deceiver) was already in OE. the leading sense. The applications to sorcerers, with especial reference to the power of assuming inhuman shapes, and to monsters (esp. serpents), appear to be developments, partly due to Scriptural language, of the sense ‘devil’.
The modern forms with final -(c)k are of obscure origin, for they appear first in Sc. of 16th c., and owe their spread to Sc. writers, and so cannot represent, as has been assumed, a Southern sound-substitution of |k| for the -ch |x| of some of the rarer North. and Sc. forms. From the first they have been used exclusively in the sense ‘wizard’. Some other word, lost or not discovered, has perh. influenced both form and sense. ON. varðlokkur wk. fem. pl. (cf. also urðar lo(k)kur) ? incantation, suggested already in Johnson, is too rare (? occurring once), with regard to the late appearance of the -k forms, to be considered.]
†1. An oath-breaker, traitor. Obs.
Widsið 9 (Gr.) Hreðcyninges ham..Eormanrices, wraþes wærloᵹan. a1023Wulfstan Hom. (1883) 266 He sceal wedloᵹan and wærloᵹan hatian and hynan. a1400Morte Arth. 3771 Sir Gawayne i-wysse, he waytes hym wele To wreke hyme on this werlaughe [Modred], that this werre mouede.
†b. A wicked person; a scoundrel, reprobate; a general term of reproach or abuse. Obs.
a1000Judith 71 (Gr.) Weras winsade..ðone wærloᵹan [Holofernus], laðne leodhatan læddon to bedde. c1275Serving Christ 37 in O.E. Misc. 91 Bi-leueþ oure weorre warlawes wode. Al þes world is bi-heled myd heþene-hode. c1394P. Pl. Crede 783 Wenest þou þer wold so fele swiche warlawes worþen, Ne were worldlyche wele and her welfare. a1400–50Wars Alex. 4425 Þus fra þe rote of riȝtwisnes rauyst ere ȝe clene, And to þe way of wickidnes be warlaȝes gidid. c1440York Myst. xxx. 141 Sir, what warlowe yow wakens With wordis full wilde, þat boy for his brawlyng were better be vn-borne. Ibid. xliv. 176 Undo youre dores, and haues no doute, For to ȝone warlowes [the Jews] will we wende. c1450St. Cuthbert 4544 Þan all þe hoste with Elfride To Assendoun þai turne þat tyde, Whare þa warlowes ware. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xxvi. 60 Catyvis, wrechis and okkeraris, Hud-pykis, hurdaris and gadderaris, All with that warlo [Covetousness] went.
†c. A damned soul in hell. Obs. rare.
a900Cynewulf Crist 1562 Ðonne mansceaða fore meotude forht deorc on þam dome standeð..bið se wærloᵹa fyres afylled feores unwyrðe eᵹsan ᵹeþread and-weard gode won & wliteleas. a1300Cursor M. 23250 Þe aghtand pine it es ful grise, to se þaa warlaus in þat wise.
†2. The Devil; Satan. Obs.
Freq. in Cursor Mundi, where warlau occurs as a genitive (:—OE. wǽrloᵹan).
a1000Cædmon's Gen. 36 (Gr.) [God] sceop ðam werloᵹan wræclicne ham weorce to leane. a1300Cursor M. 22275 [Antichrist] þe warlau aun child. Ibid. 23747 Vr flexs, þis werld, and þe warlau, We ar bunden vnder þair au. Ibid. 27060 For qua witstandes warlau will, he has na might to do him ill. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xviii. (Egipciane) 636 [Christ] þat ws fra þe warlo wane. c1460Towneley Myst. xiii. 640 That warloo to sheynd this nyght is he borne. a1568in Bannatyne MS. (Hunter. Club) 78 Betuix ws, varlo, and thy weris All Chrystis passioun we put compleit.
†b. A devil, demon, spirit of hell. Obs. rare.
a900Cynewulf Guthlac 269 Wid is þes westen, wræcsetla fela, eardas onhæle earmra gæsta; sindon wærloᵹan, þe þa wic buᵹað. a1300Cursor M. 22611 Þan sal þai þat in helle es cropen Quen sal scine þe heuennes open, þaa warlaus all sal walk þan vte. c1440De mirac. B. Marie 105 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 504 Þe foulle warlawes of helle Vndir þe wallys skrykked schille.
†3. A savage or monstrous creature (hostile to men). The word is applied to giants, cannibals, mythic beasts, etc. Obs.
a1000Cædmon's Gen. 1266 (Gr.) Frea wolde on wærloᵹan wite settan & on deað slean dædum scyldiᵹe ᵹiᵹantmæcgas, gode unleofe. a1300Cursor M. 7478 Allas! quar sal we find a man þat dar þe fight, for mi sake, Again yon warlau [Goliath] vndertake. 13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 258 Þe hyȝe heuen kyng, þurȝ his honde myȝt, Warded þis wrech man [Jonah] in warlowes guttez. c1400Destr. Troy 303 So dang he þat dog [sc. Cerberus] with dynt of his wappon, þat þe warlag was wete of his wan atter. Ibid. 7765 The warlagh [the Centaur] with a wicked arowe woundit hym be⁓hynd. a1400–50Wars Alex. 3795 Þai went be waldis & be wastis..And armed bud þam all bee for angwischis o bestis, As colwers & for coltris & crabbid snakis, And oþire warlaȝes wild þat in þe wod duelled. a1585Polwart Flyting w. Montgomerie 634 Ane vairloche [v.rr. warloch(e], ane woirwolf, ane wowbat of hair.
4. One in league with the Devil and so possessing occult and evil powers; a sorcerer, wizard (sometimes partly imagined as inhuman or demonic, and so approaching sense 2 or 3); the male equivalent of witch. Sc. and north. dial.
Frequently used by Scott, whence it has obtained some general literary currency. On the form warlock, specialized for this sense, see the etymology.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1560 Segges..þat wer wyse of wych-crafte & warlaȝes oþer. c1460Towneley Myst. viii. 232 Pharao... Say, whence is yond warlow [Moyses] with his wand that thus wold wyle oure folk away? a1585Montgomerie Misc. Poems iii. 25 That witch, that warlok [sc. Fortune]..Turnis ay the best men tittest on thair bakis. 1685G. Sinclair Satan's Invis. World 45 An eminent Warlock whose name was Robert Grieve. 1689tr. Buchanan's De Jure Regni apud Scotos 65 No Thief or Warlike will willingly compear before a Judge to be judged. c1730Burt Lett. N. Scot. (1818) I. 234 He was himself a warlock, or wizard, which they knew by his taking the witch's part. 1795Burns Song, ‘Last May a braw wooer’ v, I gaed to the tryste o' Dalgarnock, And wha but my fine fickle lover was there! I glowr'd as I'd seen a warlock, a warlock. 1816Scott Bl. Dwarf v, ‘But you forget that they say he is a warlock,’ said Nancy Ilderton. ‘And, if his magic diabolical should fail him,’ rejoined her sister, ‘I would have him trust to his magic natural’. 1822S. Hibbert Shetl. Isl. iv. 576 The warlocks and witches of Thule used, by the same means, to raise tempests. 1840Barham Ingol. Leg., St. Aloys, The gipsy..always sneaks out at night with the bats and the owls,—So do Witches and Warlocks, Ghosts, Goblins, and Ghouls. 1860Longfellow Wayside Inn i. King Olaf v. x, In their real forms appeared The warlocks weird, Awful as the Witch of Endor. 1865Baring-Gould Werewolves 29 In like manner the Danish king Harold sent a warlock to Iceland in the form of a whale. 1882M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal I. ii. 51, I am prepared to believe in witches—warlocks.
b. Sc. In weaker sense, a magician, conjurer.
1721Ramsay Prospect of Plenty 75 But gin ye be nae warlock, how d'ye ken? 1828Scott Aunt Marg. Mirror ii, ‘That rascally quack would make my fortune were he to stay in Edinburgh,’ said the graduate... ‘I suppose I must not ask your ladyship anything about this Italian warlock's proceedings?’ 1877A. J. Ross Mem. Alex. Ewing xiv. 197 ‘The Bishop..never came to my private room..without leaving me the impression that he was ―’ an auditor, interrupting, said, ‘A godly warlock.’ ‘Yes,’ rejoined the speaker, ‘that was just it, he was a wizard..’. 1886Stevenson Kidnapped iii, I'm nae warlock, to find a fortune for you in the bottom of a parritch bowl.
†5. By Dryden taken to mean: A warrior magically immune from wounds inflicted by certain metals. Obs.
Dryden's spelling perh. indicates that he imagined the word to be f. war n. + luck.
1697Dryden æneis Ded. (b) 4 b, It seems he [æneas] was no War-luck, as the Scots commonly call such Men, who, they say, are Iron-free, or Lead-free.
6. attrib. and Comb.
a. Appositive or adj. † Malignant, wicked (obs.); in later use, That is a warlock or wizard.
c1375Cursor M. 7489 (Fairf.) Agayne ȝone warlagh hethen þing [Cotton MS. wreche haiþen þing] for-soþ I drede me noȝt sir king. c1400Destr. Troy 6425 Nay, warloghe wolfe, in þi wode hongur,..The tydis not to taste of þis triet meite! 1560Rolland Seven Sages 131 This reid Reifar & this rank warlo witche. 1683G. Sinclair Nat. Philos. 243 The Devil answered,..I and my Father will come and fetch you to hell, with Warlock-theeves. 1685― Satan's Invis. World 123 Saying, You Warlok Cairle, what have you to do here? 1724Ramsay Ever Green (1761) I. 51 A Bytand Ballat on warlo Wives, That gar thair Men live pinging Lives. 1786Burns Brigs of Ayr 71 Our warlock Rhymer instantly descry'd the Sprites that owre the Brigs of Ayr preside. (That Bards are second-sighted is nae joke, And ken the lingo of the sp'ritual folk.) 1896Kipling Seven Seas, Rhyme Three Sealers, A Stralsund man shot blind and large, and a warlock Finn was he.
b. Pertaining to a warlock or warlocks, as in warlock claw, warlock fight, warlock knoll, etc.; warlock brief, a charter conveying magical powers; warlock fecket Sc. (see quot. 1810).
1786Burns To J. Smith 3 Ye surely hae some warlock⁓breef Owre human hearts; For ne'er a bosom yet was prief Against your arts. 1793― Song, ‘Now rosy May’ Chorus, Meet me on the warlock-knowe, Daintie Davie, daintie Davie. 1803H. K. White Lines..spoken by a Lover Rem. 1807 II. 47 No wicked elves upon the Warlock-knoll Dare now assemble at their mystic revels. 1807Tannahill Soldier's Ret. ii. i, A great red dragon, wi a warlock claw, Has come, and wi your dochter flown awa! 1810Cromek Remains Nithsdale Song 281 Jackets, woven of water snake skins, at a certain time of a March moon, were much in vogue among the crusading servants of Satan; and are yet remembered by the name of warlock feckets. 1819J. R. Drake Culprit Fay viii, Yet..If thy heart be pure and thy spirit right, Thou shalt win the warlock fight! 1905Academy 21 Oct. 1103/1 A warlock voice from the slumber of ages stirred.
▪ II. † warlock, n.2 Obs. rare.
In quots. warloc, warlok.
[Perh. repr. an OE. *wærloc, f. OE. waru ware n.1 guard, safe-keeping + loc lock n.2 It is, however, possibly an alteration of warrok n. caused by some such etymological association as that indicated. Cf. the senses in mod. dial. of warlock v.1 and warrok v.]
1. ? A shackle, fetter.
13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 80 Pynez me in a prysoun, put me in stokkes, Wryþe me in a warlok, wrast out myn yȝen.
2. A fetterlock.
c1440Promp. Parv. 517/1 Warlok, a fetyr lok..sera pedicalis, vel compedicalis.
▪ III. ˈwarlock, n.3 Obs. (? exc. dial.) rare.
Also 5 warich, (? warkecok), warlok.
[Of obscure origin. The early forms warich, warkecok are perh. nearer to the original than warlo(c)k, which may be due to association with charlock.]
Apparently applied like charlock (q.v.) to various field-weeds of the N.O. Cruciferæ, esp. to species of the genus Sinapis, Mustard.
c1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 644/29 Hoc sinapium, warkecok. c1440Promp. Parv. 349/1 Mustard, or warlok, or se(n)vyne, herbe..sinapis. Ibid. 517/1 Warlok, herbe, eruca. c1450Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 37/1 Cenapium, gall. ceneue, angl. warich, uel mostard. 1784–1815A. Young Annals Agric. V. 251 (E.D.S.) Warlock, Raphanus Raphanistrum (?) Suff[olk]. a1850W. A. Brousfield Flora Vectensis (1856) 37 Sinapis nigra, L. Common or Black Mustard. Vect. Warlock.
▪ IV. † ˈwarlock, n.4 Obs.
[app. a real or supposed Norw. word: cf. Norw. varde (dial. vale) cairn.]
A cairn, pile of stones (in Scandinavian regions).
1584R. Norman tr. Safegard of Sailers 51 Item, if it were so that you would saile into Calfe sound, then you shall hale in by a high land which is called Winge, and there stands fiue Warlocks or Bomes vpon it. Ibid., The fiue Warlocks or Beacons. Ibid. 52 b. 1612Gatonbe in Churchill's Voy. (1732) VI. 250 We rowed about the cape and came to an island whereon was a warlock. 1614R. Fotherby in Purchas Pilgrims (1625) III. 725 Here vpon the mountaine wee set vp a Warelocke, and then came downe againe.
▪ V. ˈwarlock, v.1 Obs. (exc. dial.) rare.
Also warloke.
[f. warlock n.2]
trans. †a. ? To secure (a horse) as with a fetterlock. Obs. rare—1. b. dial. (See quot.) Cf. warrok v.
a1400–50Wars Alex. 769* (Dubl. MS.) So carez he in þe castell-ȝarde & commes on a day By a wyndow als þis wild horse [was] warloked in bandez. 1886Cheshire Gloss. s.v. 1905Eng. Dial. Dict., Warlock, to tighten the rope or chain which binds the load upon a waggon. |