| 释义 |
iodine, n. Chem.|ˈaɪədɪn, -aɪn|
[Named by Sir H. Davy in 1814, from F. iode, the name given by Gay-Lussac (ad. Gr. ἰώδης violet-coloured, f. ἴον violet + -ειδης like, resembling) from the colour of its vapour, with termination -ine3, as in chlorine.]
1. One of the non-metallic elements, belonging to the halogen group; at ordinary temperatures a greyish-black soft brittle solid with a metallic lustre, volatilizing into a dense vapour of a deep violet colour; in chemical properties resembling chlorine and bromine, but less energetic. Symbol I; atomic weight 127.
It exists in sea-water and mineral springs, and in sea-weed and many marine animals, and is extensively obtained from the mother-liquor of Chilian sodium nitrate.
1814Davy in Phil. Trans. 91 The name ione has been proposed in France for this new substance from its colour in the gaseous state, from ἴον viola... The name ione, in English, would lead to confusion. By terming it iodine, from ἰώδης violaceous, this confusion will be avoided, and the name will be more analogous to chlorine and fluorine. Ibid. 92 It is probable that iodine will be found in many combinations in nature. 1826Henry Elem. Chem. I. 222 Iodine was discovered accidentally, about the beginning of the year 1812, by M. Courtois, a manufacturer of saltpetre at Paris. 1853W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 114 In power of affinity iodine stands below bromine, as bromine does below chlorine. 1862Ansted Channel Isl. 512 The source of supply of iodine is the seaweed growing on the rocks round the Channel Islands.
2. attrib.
a. Containing or impregnated with iodine, as iodine fluid, iodine liniment, iodine ointment, iodine water.
b. Of iodine, as iodine injection, iodine vapour; esp. in names of compounds, as iodine monochloride, ICl; iodine trichloride, ICl3; iodine pentoxide (iodic anhydride), I2O5.
c. Caused by the action of iodine, as iodine fever, iodine poisoning.
1836J. M. Gully Magendie's Formul. 114 The iodine ointment applied to the nodes relieved the pain. 1860N. Syd. Soc. Year-bk. for 1859. 317 The child..died two hours afterwards, from peritonitis and iodine-poisoning. 1877Watts Fownes' Chem. (ed. 12) I. 200 Hydriodic acid gas..is composed..of equal volumes of iodine vapour and hydrogen. Ibid. 202 Iodine monochloride is a reddish-brown oily liquid. 1898P. Manson Trop. Dis. viii. 167 Indolent bubonic [plague] swellings should be treated with iodine liniment.
d. Other attrib. uses, as iodine number, value [tr. G. jodzahl (A. Hübl 1884, in Dingler's polytechn. Jrnl. CCLIII. 287)], the proportion of unsaturated matter present in a substance as measured by the number of grammes of iodine which can be taken up by 100 grammes of the substance; iodine scarlet, mercuric iodide, HgI2, a brilliant red powder.
1885Analyst X. 123 About everything on the list which might be used to adulterate or be substituted for butter, gave iodine numbers so far removed from that for genuine butter that no difficulty would occur. 1969J. R. Holum Introd. Org. & Biol. Chem. ix. 302 Oleic acid has an iodine number of 90, linoleic acid 181, and linolenic acid 274.
1835G. Field Chromatography x. 94 Iodine scarlet is a new pigment of a most vivid and beautiful scarlet colour, exceeding the brilliancy of vermilion. 1885Encycl. Brit. XIX. 87/2 From mercury combined with iodine is prepared a pigment of unequalled vivacity and brilliance, Iodine Scarlet, but unfortunately as fugitive as it is bright. 1969R. Mayer Dict. Art Terms & Techniques 198/1 Iodine Scarlet, mercuric iodide; a dangerously poisonous inorganic pigment of the most brilliant scarlet hue. It is useless as a paint pigment because it fades to a pale yellow.
1898Analyst XXIII. 241 Purified allyl alcohol has a theoretical iodine value of 435. 1921Biochem. Jrnl. XV. 319 Resins also show great variations in iodine values according to the conditions of the determination. 1953J. Davidsohn et al. Soap Manuf. I. xviii. 365 In order to produce a hard soap, a fat charge with low iodine value and low saponification value should be selected.
Hence ˈiodine v. trans., to iodize.
1843Mech. Mag. XXXVIII. 520 To iodine the plate, remove the lid and plate of glass, and place it, face down⁓wards, on the ledge for that purpose, on the top of the box. 1929C. C. Martindale Risen Sun 173 His grooms..were iodining his abrasions. 1936A. Huxley Eyeless in Gaza li. 571 How I regret those cretins one used to see in Switzerland when I was a child! They've iodined them out of existence now. |