| 释义 |
invariance Math.|ɪnˈvɛərɪəns|
[f. next: see -ance.]
1. The character of remaining unaltered after a linear transformation; the essential property of an invariant. Hence applied to a similar property with respect to any transformation or operation. Also attrib. and inˈvariancy.
1878Sylvester in Amer. Jrnl. Math. 77 It thus appears that every given homogeneous graph has an intrinsic character of capability or incapability of respondence to algebraical in- or co-variance. 1895Elliott Algebra of Quantics 6 There are in fact irrational and fractional functions which have the property of invariancy and covariancy. 1910[see Galilean a.2 b]. 1919A. N. Whitehead Enquiry Princ. Nat. Knowl. 41 This invariance, with these formulae for transformation, does not extend to Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic field. 1941Courant & Robbins What is Math.? iii. 159 A particular consequence of the invariance of angle under inversion is that two circles or lines that are orthogonal, i.e. that intersect at right angles, remain orthogonal after an inversion. 1969Observer 13 Apr. 1 These rules [sc. conservation laws of physics] are based on much more fundamental ideas about nature, called invariance principles. Ibid. 2/6 The conservation of energy is a direct result of the principle of ‘time invariance’. This says that the laws of nature do not change with time.
2. gen. The property of remaining unaltered or of being the same in different circumstances; an instance of this, an invariant.
1939Mind XLVIII. 50 This (heuristic) principle of ethical invariance is what I wish to oppose to the principle of ethical relativity. 1956Jakobson & Halle Fund. of Lang. iii. 28 The study of invariances within the phonemic pattern of one language must be supplemented by a search for universal invariances in the phonemic patterning of language. 1962F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics xiii. 525 Drugs..might also minimize the psychological problems of space flight by reducing the tensions associated with sensory deprivation or invariance. 1964Language XL. 202 Concepts concerning the invariance of linguistic units. 1973[see invariant a. a]. |