| 释义 |
▪ I. warden, n.1|ˈwɔːd(ə)n|
Forms: 3–6 wardein, 6 wardeine, 4–6 wardeyn(e, 4–5 wardain(e, -ayn(e, 4 Sc. vardane, 4–6 north. and Sc. wardan(e, 5 werdein, werdeyn, Sc. wardand, 5–6 wardyn, 6 Sc. varden, -an, vordan, wairdan(e, 4– warden.
[a. OF. wardein, north-eastern var. of guarden, -ene: see guardian.
The word is current as a traditional designation of office; in other uses it is poet. or arch. In the legal uses the AF. form is gardein, and in many of them guardian is the preferred form in Eng. In Anglo-Latin rendered by custos.]
†1.
a. One who guards, protects, or defends; occas. a guardian angel: = guardian 1. Obs.
a1225Ancr. R. 312 Wat Crist ure euerichon to so gentil wardein bereð to lutel menske. c1290John 31 in S.E. Leg. 403 Þere in seint Iohanes warde is swete moder he tok,..hire wardein he was aftur also þat he to heouene i-wende. a1340Hampole Psalter xxxiii. 7 Þat he be wardayn of þaim þat dredis him purly. c1400Pylgr. Sowle (Caxton) i. vii. (1859) 6 There is none so caitif pilgrym that he ne hath assigned hym a wardeyne the hour of his byrthe. c1412Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 2441 Silence of tunge is wardein of good fame. 1513Douglas æneis xi. xv. 43 O brycht Apollo..Of haly mont Soractis the wardane.
†b. Astr. = guard n. 12. Cf. guardian 5.
1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 218 The starres which are cauled the wardens of the north starre. Ibid. 270.
2. a. One who has the care of something specified; a keeper. Obs. exc. poet.
a1290S. Eustace 230 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 216 Þe hayward nom and bleu his horn, For he wes wardein of þat corn. a1300Cursor M. 4691 [Ioseph] Garners and granges fild wit sede, In ilk sted a sere wardain. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. i. 53 For Rihtfoliche Resoun schulde rulen ou alle, And kuynde wit be wardeyn oure weolþe to kepe. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 393 One of þe wardeynes þat kepte þe body of Seint Andrewe in Constantinople. Ibid. II. 425 Þe wardeyn [L. custos] of þe asse folowede after. Ibid. IV. 33 Demetrius þat was wardeyn of his bookes. 1422Hoccleve Jonathas 223 Let me been of it [sc. the ring] wardeyn; ffor as my lyf, keepe it wole y certeyn. 1871Rossetti Poems, Eden Bower xxi, Of all this wealth I have made thee warden.
†b. One in charge of a division of an army. Obs.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 9003 Þe king henri is ost a þre delde þere..him sulf in þe oþer was..& þanne is tueie sones were wardeins of þe þridde.
c. Warden of the Peace = ‘Guardian of the Peace’: see guardian 1 b.
1543tr. Act 4 Edw. III c. 2 The iustices assigned..shall haue power to delyuer the same iayles of those that shalbe endited before the wardeins of the peace [orig. les gardeins de la pees]. 1854J. T. Smith Parish ii. 38 The Sheriffs and other Wardens of the peace..are required [etc.].
d. A gatekeeper, porter, sentinel. Now rare.
a1225Ancr. R. 272 He sette one wummon uorto beon ȝeteward, þet is, feble wardein. c1374Chaucer Troylus v. 1177 The wardeyn of þe yates gan to calle The folk, which þat with-oute the yates were, And bad hym dryuen In here bestes alle. 1801Southey Thalaba xii. xix, At the threshold of the rocky door,..Fit warden of the sorcery-gate, A rebel Afreet lay. 1815Falconer's Dict. Marine (ed. Burney), Wardens of His Majesty's Dock-Yards, are generally old lieutenants in the royal navy, appointed..to see that no person whatever be admitted without an order from the commissioner. 1838Prescott Ferd. & Is. i. x. II. 21 The man was apprehended by the warden of the frontier of Jaen. a1839Praed Poems (1864) II. 376 I've won from the warden The key,—the key; And the steed's in the garden For me,—for me. 1892Stevenson In South Seas iv. iii, Female wardens made a fit outpost for this palace of many women.
†3. The person invested with the control of the person and lands of an orphan heir during his minority; also, in wider sense, one who has the charge and oversight of young persons: = guardian 2. Obs.
c1290Beket 269 in S.E. Leg. 114 In his warde he let do his eldeste sone sire henri..Þat he were is wardein and al is ordeinour. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6418 Þo bed he þe court segge soþ..wan edmond made is eir of is lond wiþoute striue, & wan of is ȝonge sones wardein ek ydo. c1305St. Kenelm 105 in E.E.P. (1862) 50 Þis ȝunge child a maister hadde: þat his wardeyn was. c1350Will. Palerne 1104 Þemperour..made him kniȝt on the morwe & mo for his sake of proude princes sones douȝti men toward,..& made william here wardeyn as he wel miȝt, to gye & to gouerne þe gay yong kniȝtes. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 753 Thus here wardeynys wolde they disceyue. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 85 [Ancus] made hym wardeyn of his heyres. 1543tr. Act 3 Edw. I, c. 21 The wardeyns shall kepe and susteyne the landes without makynge dystruction of any thynge. 1579Expos. Terms Law 97 b, Wardeine most properly is he that hath the wardship or keeping of an heire, & of lande holden by knightes seruice, or of one of them to his owne vse during y⊇ nonage of the heire, [etc.]. 1700Tyrrell Hist. Eng. II. 811 The Warden, or Guardian of the Land of such Heir, who shall be under Age.
4. a. A regent or viceroy appointed to rule a country in the king's absence or minority. Obs. exc. Hist.
a1300Cursor M. 4651 Al þat barunage,..To þis ioseph an ath þai suare, Til him als wardan for to tent. 1375Barbour Bruce xvi. 33 The tane the steward walter was, The tothir Iames of dowglas, Vardanis in [his] absens maid he. a1400Morte Arthur 650, I make the kepare..of kyngrykes manye, Wardayne wyrchipfulle, to weilde al my landes. c1420Wyntoun Cron. cxxxii. 2175 Throu Schir Andro Murrayis renovne, Quhen he wes wardane of Scotland. c1470Henry Wallace vi. 768 Thai chesd Wallace Scottis wardand to be. 1509Reg. Privy Seal Scot. I. 262/2 Ony proclamatioun..made generaly be the king or his wardanis anent the intercommonyn and sitting apoun the Inglismenis assouerans. 1640Yorke Union Hon. 27 Edward..the eldest sonne of king Edward [II] in the..absence of his Father..was made Lord Warden of England, by a common decree. 1651N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. ii. xv. 134 Vicegerents... Sometimes they are called Lord Warden, or Lord Keeper of the Kingdome, and have therewith the generall power of a King. 1878J. Davidson Inverurie ii. 69 Randolph, Earl of Moray, who was Warden of Scotland in the minority of David, having died in 1331. 1912E. Russell Maitland of Lethington i. 33 The finesse with which Maitland contrived to get the necessary co-operation of Bothwell, the Scottish Warden.
†b. The governor of a town, province or district; the commander of a fortress. Obs. exc. Hist. in the title Warden of the Marches.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2078 Þritti þousend kniȝtes hor wardeins hii sette & delde among hom al þe lond. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1725) 72 To London com William,..His barons with him nam, knyghtes þat wer bold. Wardeyns of tour & toun. a1352Minot Poems viii. 83 He was wardaine of þe toune. c1400Brut ccviii. 237 Kyng Edward..sent maistre Walter of Stapleton, his Tresorer, forto bene wardein and keper of þe citee of London wiþ þe Mair. c1450Ibid. ccxl. 346 Þe King..made hym warden and gouernour of þe cite. 1470–85Malory Arthur i. viii. 44 And sire Brastias was maade wardeyn to wayte vpon the northe fro Trent forwardes. 1517Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. V. 123 The vordan of the Myddil Marche. 1557North Gueuara's Diall Pr. (1568) 2 Pretor of the Rhodian Armies, and also wardein in other frontiers. 1563in Rymer Foedera (1719) XV. 631 Schir Johne Maxwell of Terreglie Knycht Wardane of the West Mercheis of Scotland. 1917Eng. Hist. Rev. Oct. 480 The notable feature of these proceedings [Nov. 1248] is that in them there is no mention of a Warden of the Marches. Ibid. 493 The little Duke of York..Warden-general of the Marches.
5. In certain guilds, esp. in the Livery Companies of the City of London: A member of the governing body under the authority of the Master or the Prime Warden (the title varies in different companies).
[1261in Liber Custum. (Rolls) 79 Les Wardeyns [of the Lorimers] le moustrent au Meire qe donqe serra. ]1389in Eng. Gilds (1870) 3 Þe forsaide bretherhede wil þæt þer be wardeins þerof. 1454Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) 283 The wardyns of the Trinite Yelde. 1547in Rymer Foedera (1719) XV. 134 The Maisters Wardeyns Governours Rulers and Overseers of all and singuler the Hospitals Guylders Fraternyties and Houses for poor People. 1566Act 8 Eliz. c. 13 §1 The Mayster Wardens and Assistauntes of the Trinytie House of Deptforde Stronde. 1624Massinger Parlt. Love iv. iii, Next year we will have him warden of our society. 1637Decree Star Chamb. §13 in Milton Areop. (Arb.) 15 He..shall first giue notice to the said Master and Wardens of the Company of Stationers. 1848Dickens Dombey lvii, The inscription about what the Master and Wardens of the Worshipful Company did in one thousand six hundred and ninety-four. 1886C. E. Pascoe London Today vii. (ed. 3) 84 Interest with the Prime Warden, Master, or Clerk of a Company might possibly procure an invitation to one of these [banquets].
†6.
a. The person having the direction or oversight of some work or enterprise. Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xii. v. (Bodl. MS), Ȝif hem lakkeþ honye to eete þanne þe warden schalle feede hem [sc. the bees] with figes and oþur swete mete leste þey schulde deye. c1400Gamelyn 279 Tho that wardeynes were of that wrasteling Come and broughte Gamelyn the ram and the ring. 1423Rolls of Parlt. IV. 255/1 The serche of the wardens of Brauderie. 1543tr. Act 18 Hen. VI, c. 16 A warden of the aulnage of cloth. 1552–3in Feuillerat Revels Edw. VI (1914) 132 Robert Trunkewell Joyner being theyre warden and setting owte yre woorkes. 1601Holland Pliny xxiii. vii. II. 167 Pythagoras, a great maister and warden of these exercises.
b. Freemasonry. Either of two officers (called Senior Warden and Junior Warden) in a symbolic lodge whose duty it is to assist the Worshipful Master.
a1723Wren Parentalia (1750) 307 A Surveyor govern'd in chief; every tenth Man was called a Warden, and over⁓looked each nine. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) X. 622/1 The king [Hen. VII] presided as grand-master; and having appointed John Islip, abbot of Westminster, and Sir Reginald Bray, knight of the garter, his wardens for the occasion, proceeded in great state to..Westminster Abbey. Ibid. 623/2 On the 27th of December 1663, a general assembly was held, where Henry Jennyn earl of St. Alban's was elected grand-master; who appointed Sir John Denham his deputy, and Mr. Christopher Wren..and John Webb, his wardens.
7. a. The superintendent of a harbour, market, or the like.
1538Elyot Dict., Limenarcha, the wardeyn of the portes. 1543tr. Act 9 Edw. III Stat. ii. c. 7 That the tables of exchange shalbe at Douer,..And that the wardeyns of suche tables shall make suche exchaunges by the testymony of controllers whiche we shall put to them. 1543tr. Act. 5 Rich. II, c. 2 Any serchours or wardeyn of the portes and passages through the sayd realme. 1546Yorks. Chantry Surv. (Surtees) 245 To the burgh balyff of Skipton and the warden of the market ther. 1835App. Munic. Corpor. Rep. ii. 1043 [Officers of Sandwich corporation] Wardens of the Flesh Market 2, Wardens of the Fish Market 2.
b. Forming the second element in the designation of certain officials, as barrack-warden. fire-warden U.S.: see fire n. 5. fish-warden U.S., an official in charge of fisheries. game-warden, an officer having the superintendence of the game of a particular locality.
1835App. Munic. Corpor. Rep. iv. 2295 [Officers of Ipswich corporation] Two Fleshwardens. Ale Conner. 1883G. B. Goode Fish Industr. U.S.A. (Fisheries Exhib.) 66 To enforce these laws would, however, render necessary a large force of fish-wardens. 1894Daily News 7 Feb. 6/4 The duties hitherto carried out by barrack-masters are in future to be performed by pensioned non-commissioned officers of the army, who, on appointment, will be termed ‘barrack wardens’. 1898Westm. Gaz. 30 Sept. 3/1 The State ‘game-wardens’. 1912Nature 26 Dec. 468/2 Major J. Stevenson-Hamilton, Game Warden of the Transvaal.
c. An air-raid warden.
1936[see air-raid]. 1937Lancet 13 Mar. 669/2 The wardens would probably also be used in connexion with the distribution of civilian respirators. 1951N. Marsh Opening Night vi. 139 ‘Anyone here done respiration for gassed cases?’.. ‘I can,’ said the A.S.M. ‘I was a warden.’ 1978E. Malpass Wind Brings up Rain xxvi. 232 A tin-hatted Air Raid Warden was hurrying along the street... The Warden hurried on.
†8.
a. A custodian of a building, esp. a temple or church. Obs.
c1290Brendan 626 in S.E. Leg. 237 In þe Abbeye of seint paterich, Monek ich was, i-wis And of is churche a wardein. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 1566 Of þe cherche þe wardeynys alle were waked oute of here slepe. 1483Caxton Golden Leg. 265/1 A wardeyn of the hows of god. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. ii. xxii. 141 The good Herald..is a Warden of the temple of Honour.
†b. The dean of a cathedral or collegiate church, or of a royal chapel. Obs.
1429Rolls of Parlt. IV. 346 John Arundell, Dean or Wardein of the Chapelle Roiall of Seint George,..Windsor. Ibid., The saide Wardein is named and wretyn Dean; also..Wardeins therof have usually be called Deans. 1538Fitzherb. Just. Peas 121 b, Al..wardens of cathedrall and collegiate Churches.
9. a. = churchwarden 1. There are regularly two, the rector's (or vicar's) warden and the parish (or people's) warden.
1439E.E. Wills (1882) 114 The wardeyns of Seynt Austyns chirch. 1461Rolls of Parlt. V. 475/1 Late Wardeyns of the goodes of the seid Chirch. 1547Edw. VI Injunct. §13 b ij b, The Wardeynes of euery paryshe churche or Chapel. 1589R. Harvey Pl. Perc. Ded. p. iv, I will present you at the law day for a ryot, though I be neither side man for this Meridian, nor Warden. 1853Marsden Early Puritans 105 The minister and wardens undertook to go from house to house to take the names of the communicants. 1914Contemp. Rev. Mar. 352 Rival candidates for the office of the people's warden.
b. transf. Applied to an official with similar functions of a Jewish synagogue.
1879F. Hitchman Public Life Earl of Beaconsfield I. i. 15 The quarrel with the Wardens of the Synagogue was a more serious matter. 1910Monypenny Life B. Disraeli I. iii. 22 In 1813 he was for some pedantic reason elected Parnass or Warden of the Congregation of Bevis Marks.
10. In the titles of officers holding positions of trust under the Crown.
†a. Warden of the Forest: see quot. 1706. Obs.
1598J. Manwood Laws of Forest viii. 43 Hereupon the Lord chiefe Iustice of the Forrest..will cause a writ of Ad quod dampnum to be directed to the chiefe warden of the Forrest. c1600Rolls of Parlt. II. 376/2 Wardens of Forrests shall be commanded to keep their Officers from extorting. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Keeper of the Forest, otherwise called Chief Warden of the Forest, is he that has the principal Government of all things belonging to the Forest, and the Check of all the other Officers. 1797H. Rooke Descr. Gt. Oak Salcey Forest 5 The Forest is under the Government of the following Officers:—A Warden, or Master Forester,..Lieut. or Deputy Warden [etc.].
b. (Lord) Warden of the Cinque Ports: see Cinque Ports.
1435Rolls of Parlt. IV. 489/2 Constable of the Castell of Dovorr, and Wardeyn of fyve Portz. 1544in Rymer Foedera (1719) XV. 55 The Lorde Warden of the Fyve Ports. 1617Moryson Itin. iii. 138 William the Norman Conquerour..instituted a Warden of the five Ports, Hastings, Dover, Hith, Rumney and Sandwiche. 1643Proc. late Treaty of Peace 56 Such a Noble Person as your Majesty shall appoint to be Warden of the Cinque-Ports. 1844Queen's Regul. Army 46 The Lord-Warden of the Cinque Ports is to be saluted by the forts within his jurisdiction with the number of guns specified.
fig. (allusively).1616T. Scot Philomythie B 3, Supposing Ibis their trustie warden, had beene closing The lands strong Ports. Ibid. B 3 b, Make not your will warden of your Cinque Ports [i.e. the five senses].
c. Warden of the Mint: until 1823 the title of the chief officer of the Mint.
1463Irish Act 3 Edw. IV, c. 32 We..have Ordeyned and made..Germyn lynche..Wardeyne and Maister worker of oure moneis and coignes. 1587Reg. Privy Council Scot. IV. 220 The generall, wardane, countare wardane, sinkare and assayare,..of his Majesteis cunyiehous. 1670Pettus Fodinæ Reg. 41 The Warden [of the mint]..is by his Office to receive the Silver from the Goldsmiths. 1688Lond. Gaz. No. 2368/4 Owen wynne Esq; Warden of the Mint.
d. (Lord) Warden of the Stannaries: an officer appointed by the Duke of Cornwall to preside over the mining parliaments of Cornwall.
1485[see stannary 1]. 1761Brit. Mag. II. 10 He served the king in the different offices of lord warden of the Stannaries, lord admiral of England and Ireland. 1812Morn. Chron. in Examiner 28 Sept. 623/1 The new Lord Warden [of the Stannaries] has not been idle. 1814Moore Hor. Ode ii. xi. 19 Then, why, my Lord Warden! oh! why should you fidget Your mind about matters you don't understand? 1896Law Times CI. 534/2 By the Judicature Acts the jurisdiction of the Lord Warden was transferred to the Court of Appeal.
†e. In the titles of various offices of the royal household or the courts of law. (Mainly as the rendering of AF. gardein.) Obs.
1543tr. Act. 51 Hen. III, Stat. Excheq., The wardeyne of the kynges wardrobe. 1543tr. Act. 1 Edw. IV, c. 1 Warden of the rolles of his chauncerie. Ibid., The..warden of his armour in the towre of London. Ibid., In thoffice of his priue seale, clerke or warden of his hamper of his sayde chauncery. Ibid., The..warden of the kynges wryttes..of his common benche. 1601Tate Househ. Ord. Edw. II (1876) 9 The clarke which shalbe warden or keper of the privy seale. Ibid. 18 The kinge shal have a squier surveiour and warden of the viandes for his mouth. Ibid. 39 And a serjant herberjour, warden of the kinges palfreis. [1892Stevenson In South Seas iv. iii. (1908) 294 These were keybearers, treasurers, wardens of the armoury, the napery and the stores.]
† f. Warden of the Standards: an officer of the Board of Trade having the custody of the standards of weight and measure. Obs.
1878Act 41 & 42 Vict. c. 49 §1.
11. a. The title given to the head or presiding officer of certain colleges and schools, hospitals, etc.
Usually = L. custos.
1575–6Act 18 Eliz. c. 6 §1 No Provoste Warden or other Hed Officer of the saide Colledges of Winchester or Eaton. 1587Lady F. Cobham in Collect. (O.H.S.) I. 193 Warden of Al Soules Colledge. 1632Marmion Hollands Leaguer i. ii. B 4 b, I'll..talke as superciliously, and walke As stately, as the Warden of a colledge. 1763Brit. Mag. IV. 612 Dr. Golding, Warden of Winchester College. 1782Pennant Journ. Chester to Lond. 305 St Thomas's hospital [Northampton]..Originally it maintained twelve poor people... It is governed by a warden, who is one of the aldermen. 1845New Statist. Acc. Scot. XII. 988 An hospital or alms-house..founded in 1272..for maintaining a warden, six chaplains, and thirteen poor husbandmen of Buchan. 1855A. Trollope Warden i, John Hiram..also appointed that an almshouse should be built for their abode, with a fitting residence for a warden. 1908Act 8 Edw. VII, c. 20 Sched. §2 From the time at which..a chancellor shall be appointed, the office of warden of the University [of Durham] shall cease.
†b. The superior of a Franciscan convent. Cf. guardian 4. Obs.
1420E.E. Wills (1882) 47 Þe wardeyn and þe Couente. 1455Linc. Diocese Docum. (1914) 76 The Wardeyn and the Covent of the gray frerys of Oxford. 1588Exchequer Rolls Scot. XXI. 407 To Freir Charles Home, sumtym varden of the cordeleris of Drumfreis.
12. An officer to whose custody prisoners are committed; the governor of a prison, esp. in the old title Warden of the Fleet (Prison).
13..Sir Beues (A.) 3708 Þo Ascopard wiþ outen dwelling In to þat castel gan hire bring,..And half a ȝer a was hire wardaine. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 13112 Þe kyng dide his prisons loke Wiþ wardeyns þat hem vndertoke. c1400Destr. Troy 13847 Thus he keppit hym full cloise, & in care held, þat no whe to hym wan but wardens full sure. 1429Rolls of Parlt. IV. 346/1 The Keper and Wardeyn of the same Prisone. 1535Lyndesay Satyre 3986 The widdifow wairdanis tuke my geir. 1543tr. Act 1 Rich. II, c. 12 From hensforth no wardeyn of the Flete shall suffre any prysoner there..to goo out of prysone by maynpryse, bayle, [etc.]. 1751Smollett Per. Pic. xcviii. (1779) IV. 281 He intreated the warden to accomodate him with a lodging. 1827Statutes of Connecticut (1854) 726 The warden shall have the entire control and management of said prison. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xxiii, My Lord High Constable,..Since I am to lie in ward, I could not have desired a kinder or more courteous warden. 1837Dickens Pickw. xli, The room where you're a-going to sleep to-night is the warden's room. 1889Century Mag. Feb. 506/1 As we entered the main corridor [of a prison] the officer of the day sprung hastily to the door, saluted the warden [etc.].
13. A member of a committee (of two or more persons) appointed to take charge of the repair and make regulations for the use of a bridge, a highway, etc. Cf. waywarden.
1486Rec. St. Mary at Hill (1905) 13 To haue & to hold to the wardeyns of the said Brigge [sc. London Bridge]. 1575–6Act 18 Eliz. c. 17 §1 To make an Election of Twoo persons of the same Comminaltie to be the Wardens of the saide Rochester Bridge. 1876Freeman Norm. Conq. V. xxv. 550 A later reform has entrusted the care of the highways..to Boards of Wardens.
†14. At Coventry, the title of two officers, chosen annually, charged with the collection of municipal rents. Obs.
1422–1507Cov. Leet. Bk. 22, 58, etc.
15. U.S. (and earlier in colonial use).
a. The officer who presides at ward-meetings or elections.
1763J. Adams Diary Feb., Wks. 1850 II. 144 Boston..The Caucus Club meets, at certain times... There they choose a moderator..and selectmen, assessors, collectors, wardens, fire-wards, and representatives, are regularly chosen before they are chosen in the town. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 678 Charleston was..divided into 13 wards, which choose as many wardens, from among whom the citizens elect an Intendant of the city. The Intendant and wardens form the city council. 1813T. Jefferson Writ. (1830) IV. 229 A general call of ward-meetings by their wardens on the same day through the State. 1822Charter of Boston, Mass. §3 It shall be the duty of such warden to preside at all meetings of the citizens of such ward.
b. ‘In Connecticut boroughs, the chief executive officer of the municipal government; in a few Rhode Island towns, a judicial officer. In colonial times the name was sometimes used instead of fire-warden or fire-ward’ (Cent. Dict.).
1842Statutes of Connecticut (1854) 87 All persons who shall be engineers or wardens of any fire department.
16. Canada. The head of a county council.
1873Rev. Statutes Ontario (1877) II. 1606 The Council of every County shall consist of the Reeves and Deputy Reeves of the Townships and Villages within the County..and one of the Reeves or Deputy Reeves shall be the Warden. 1886Bourniot Local Govt. Canada 73 [In the province of Quebec] The county council is composed of the mayors of the several local municipalities of the county... The warden is chosen by the county council.
17. Australia. The government official, with magisterial powers, in charge of a goldfield.
1855R. Carboni Eureka Stockade 120 A Public Meeting was held... The Resident Warden in the Chair. 1860S. Davison Discovery & Geognosy Gold Deposits Austral. xi. 332 A number of new offices had been created for the gold fields, under the name of ‘wardens’. 1861L. A. Meredith Over the Straits iv. 141 The chief official in a digging settlement..is entitled the Warden.
18. attrib. and Comb., as warden-angel (rare); also ‘of or pertaining to the warden-courts’, as † warden-book, † warden-clerk, † warden-fee; warden-raid, nonce-use, a raid commanded by the Warden of the Marches in person. Also Warden-court.
1839Bailey Festus xx. (1848) 246 The sweet offices Of *warden-angel.
1583Reg. Privy Council Scot. III. 584 He findand..souirties actit in the *warden buikis to be answerable for all attemptatis.
1584Ibid. 726 Robert Menteith, sumtyme his *wardane clerk.
1531Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. VI. 47 Item, to the lord Huym, wardane off the eist marchis, for his *wardane fee, de anno, etc. xxxjo, jcli. 1564Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 278 That the said Lord Home, wardane foirsaid, have payment of his wardane fee.
1805Scott Last Minstr. iv. iv, ‘And by my faith,’ the gate⁓ward said, ‘I think 'twill prove a *Warden-Raid.’
▪ II. warden, n.2|ˈwɔːd(ə)n|
Forms: 5 wardun, -one, -oun, -ane, 5–6 wardyn (6 -in), 5–7 wardon, 6 wardayne, -eine, -eyne, 5– warden.
[Of obscure origin.
Perh. a. AF. *wardon f. ward-er = F. garder to keep. Palsgrave 1530 renders wardon by poire de garde (= keeping pear). As the arms of Wardon or Warden Abbey (Beds) were ‘Argent, three warden pears or’, it has been conjectured that the pear derived its name from the abbey. There can be little doubt, however, that the arms were devised with punning intention.]
An old variety of baking pear. Also pear warden (see pear n. 5).
a1400Pistill of Susan 99 With wardons winlich and walshe notes newe. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 15 The frutis wiche more comon be, Quenyngez, pechis, costardes, etiam wardons. 1481–90Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 464 My Lord paid to a woman that browght wardones xij.d. 1523–34Fitzherb. Husb. §137 After saynt Valentynes daye; it is tyme to graffe bothe peares and wardens. 1542Borde Dyetary xxvii. (1870) 291 Vse to eate stued or baken wardens, yf they can be goten. 1612Beaum. & Fl. Cupid's Rev. ii, Dori. Faith I would have had him rosted like a warden in brown paper, and no more talk on't. 1653W. J. True Gentlew. Delight 84 To make a Tart of Wardens. You must first Bake your Wardens in a pot, then [etc.]. 1687Sedley Bellamira iii. i. 24 She looks like a Warden Roasted in the Embers. 1764Museum Rust. II. 56 Pears..Perkinson Wardens. 1802Forsyth Fruit-Trees 93 Pears..Spanish Red Warden. 1860Hogg Fruit Man. 170 Black Worcester (Parkinson's Warden; Pound Pear).
b. attrib. and Comb., as warden-pear, warden-pie, warden-tree.
138.Anc. Deed A. 9011 (P.R.O.), *Wardon peryz. 1635Markham Eng. Husbandm. i. ii. i. 122 Your stone-Peare, Warden-Peare, and Choake-Peare [are] those which endure longest.
1579in Narratives Reform. (Camden) 34 He sayd his stomache was gonne from all meate excepte it wer a *warden pye. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. iv. iii. 48, I must haue Saffron to colour the Warden Pies. 1841Barham Ingol. Leg., Nelly Cook 88 And a Warden-pie's a dainty dish to mortify withal.
14..Metr. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 629/7 *Wardentre, uolemus. 1523–34Fitzherb. Husb. §137 The sappe commeth sooner..in-to the peare-tree and warden-tree, thanne in-to the apple tree. 1630Dekker 2nd Pt. Honest Wh. F 3 b, The 4th man I hold my life, is grafting your Warden tree.
▪ III. ˈwarden, v.
[f. warden n.1]
trans. To watch over or guard as a warden; spec. to watch over or patrol (a nature reserve, etc.) by or as a warden; also intr., to act as a wildlife warden.
1906T. Hardy Dynasts ii. i. vi, To warden the waves was his further bent. 1971Times 7 May 17/7 Having wardened at the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds reserve at Loch Garten, may I enlarge upon the letter from M. S. M. Burns? 1974Oxford Times 4 Jan. 7/6 It would be wardened and visited regularly to prevent vandalism and litter. 1977Birds Spring 40 Philip Coxon has wardened the RSPB Balranald reserve for the last four summers. 1982Lakeland Echo 18 Mar. 5 The eyres are well wardened against egg collectors. 1984Natural World Summer 14/1 Several orchids on a number of sites were wardened, efforts being concentrated on lizard, early spider, military and monkey orchids.
Hence ˈwardened ppl. a., ˈwardening vbl. n.
1962Listener 1 Mar. 375/2 There is as yet no system of wardening for the valleys... Wardening is limited by statute to places where the Board has access-agreements or owns property. 1971Guardian Weekly 3 July 15 The wardening of Exmoor, for example, with its wide acres of moorland under rising pressure of visitors, is described as rudimentary. 1980Birds Autumn p. v/1 Although the most obviously efficient form of protection is to establish adequately wardened reserves, this is not possible in many cases. 1980R. Mabey Common Ground i. 32 A wardening system was established for the more vulnerable eyries. |