| 释义 |
introjection|ɪntrəʊˈdʒɛkʃən|
[L. jacĕre to throw; cf. projection, interjection. In senses 2 and 3, ad. G. introjektion.]
1. The action of throwing in; in quot. of ‘throwing oneself into’ or entering eagerly upon, some course or pursuit.
1866Blackmore Cradock Nowell xxix. (1883) 154 She had so much self-abandonment, such warm introjection.
2. Philos. A theory whereby external objects are images of elements within the consciousness of the individual. Hence introˈjectionism, belief in a theory of introjection, introˈjectionist a., pertaining to introjection.
1899J. Ward Naturalism & Agnosticism II. xvi. 172 The term ‘introjection’ we owe..to the late Richard Avenarius of Zurich. Ibid., Thus while my environment is an external world for me, his experience is for me an internal world in him. This is introjection. 1903A. E. Taylor Elem. Metaphysics ii. i. 81 Subjectivism is thus the last step in the development of the fallacy which begins with what Avenarius calls ‘introjection’. Ibid. iv. i. 304 To translate it into the introjectionist psychology. 1912Mind XXI. 10 The theory appears..to be really a piece of lingering introjectionism. 1931G. F. Stout Mind & Matter 291 Ward finds this in a supposed process..which, following Avenarius, he calls Introjection.
3. a. Psychoanalysis. A term used by S. Ferenczi (1909 Jahrb. f. Psychoanalyt. Forschungen I. 422–57) to denote the forming of a subjective image of an object and the transfer to it of emotional energy previously given to the object itself.
1916E. Jones tr. Ferenczi's Contrib. Psycho-Anal. ii. 40 One might give to this process, in contrast to projection, the name of Introjection. 1917C. R. Payne tr. Pfister's Psychoanal. Method xii. 387 In the projection, one feels subjective processes producing discomfort as influences of the outer world; in the introjection, inversely, processes of the outer world as one's own. 1922J. Strachey tr. Freud's Group Psychol. 65 First, identification is the original form of emotional tie with an object; secondly, in a regressive way it becomes a substitute for a libidinal tie, as it were by means of the introjection of the object into the ego. 1946Mind LV. 83 This growth of the super-ego has four main features, ‘narcissism’, ‘introjection’, ‘nemesism’, and ‘sado-masochism’. 1963Listener 7 Mar. 431/2 The ego has incorporated (by means of introjection..) certain fantasy figures acquired in infancy (such as the image of the breast).
b. Psychol. The forming of an inward image of the attitudes, values, and expectations of people or groups by whom one is anxious to be accepted.
1931J. C. Flügel in W. Rose Outl. Mod. Knowl. ix. 384 An introjection into the self of the earliest external moral forces, i.e. the moral attitudes and precepts of parents. 1955M. Klein New Directions in Psycho-Anal. i. 21 External and internal situations are always interdependent, since introjection and projection operate side by side from the beginning of life. 1962Listener 21 June 1055/2 When a child's parents have habitually reacted to his behaviour in a certain way—for instance, being shocked if he cheats—then after a time the child begins to react in this way towards himself. This is the process sometimes described as ‘introjection’. 1967M. Argyle Psychol. Interpersonal Behaviour vii. 121 A process of introjection, whereby children adopt the perceptions, attitudes, and reactions to themselves of parents and others. |