| 释义 |
intransitive, a. (n.)|ɪnˈtrɑːnsɪtɪv, -æ-|
[ad. L. intransitīvus not passing over (Priscian), f. in- (in-3) + trans-īre to pass over. Cf. F. intransitif.]
1. Gram. Of verbs and their construction: Expressing action which does not pass over to an object; not taking a direct object. (See transitive, neuter.)
1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. 129 This Verbe Sum es, is a Verbe Substantiue intransitiue, not a transitiue; and therefore will haue such case after it as it hath before it. a1638Mede Apost. Latter Times ii. i. Wks. (1672) iii. 675 The syntax of the words in the Greek is uncapable of such an intransitive construction. 1711J. Greenwood Eng. Gram. 154 Those verbs whose action does not pass on any other Thing, are called Intransitive. 1861Mason Eng. Gram. §177 Many verbs which denote actions are used sometimes as transitive, sometimes as intransitive verbs.
b. as n. An intransitive verb.
1824L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 108 Verbs neuter may properly be denominated intransitives, because the effect is confined within the subject, and does not pass over to any object: as, ‘I sit, he lives, they sleep’.
2. That does not pass on to another person, or beyond certain limits (specified or implied). rare.
a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 129 So is that Righteousnesse indefatible [? indefectible], and intransitive to any other State. 1664Jer. Taylor Dissuas. Popery ii. ii. vi. (R.), And then it is for the image sake, and so far is intransitive; but whatever is paid more to the image is transitive, and passes further. 1780Bentham Princ. Legisl. vii. §13. 1856 Vaughan Mystics (1860) I. 29 The mysticism of St. Bernard..the intransitive mysticism of the cloister.
3. Logic. Of a relation: such that if the relation holds between a first and a second item, and also between the second and third, it cannot hold (or more widely, does not hold) between the first and the third.
1870C. S. Peirce in Mem. Amer. Acad. (1873) IX. 369 Repeating relatives may be divided (after De Morgan) into those whose products into themselves are contained under themselves, and those of which this is not true. The former are well named by De Morgan transitive, the latter intransitive. 1881J. Venn Symbolic Logic xix. 403 Relations..may be divided into those which are ‘transitive’ and those which are ‘intransitive’. 1903B. Russell Princ. Math. xxvi. 218 Relations which do not possess the second property I shall call not transitive; those which possess the property that xRy, yRz always exclude xRz I shall call intransitive. All these cases may be illustrated from human relationships... Spouse is symmetrical but intransitive;..father is both asymmetrical and intransitive. 1930L. S. Stebbing Mod. Introd. Logic vii. 113 Symmetry and transitiveness..are independent, so that relations can be symmetrical and either transitive or intransitive; asymmetrical and either transitive or intransitive. 1964E. Bach Introd. Transformational Gram. vii. 155 Equal, Smaller are transitive; Father is an intransitive relation; Friend is non-transitive if you are my friend and have friends who are not my friends.
4. Math. Of a group: not transitive (see transitive a. (n.) 6 and quot. 1889).
1889Amer. Jrnl. Math. XI. 195 If a substitution-group I is intransitive, the letters upon which it operates can be distributed into ‘systems of intransitivity’, x1, x2{ddd}; y1, y2{ddd}; z1, z2{ddd} such that the substitutions of I interchange among each other only the letters x1, x2{ddd}; the letters y1, y2{ddd}; the letters z1, z2{ddd}, and so on, and connect transitively the letters of each system. 1940D. E. Littlewood Theory Group Characters iii. 42 In an intransitive group the symbols are divided into transitive sets, the symbols of each set being permuted amongst themselves. 1971Powell & Higman Finite Simple Groups vii. 234 If the union of these is Ω, they form a fixed trio, and if not, the group is intransitive.
Hence inˈtransitively, in an intransitive manner.
a1638Mede Apost. Latter Times ii. i. Wks. (1672) iii. 675 It is usually translated intransitively, with reference to the persons expressed in the former verse. 1656Jeanes Fuln. Christ 32 Saith Eckard, the divine properties are communicated to the humanity, not transitively, but intransitively. 1762Lowth Eng. Gram. (1838) 49 note, The difference between Verbs absolutely neuter and intransitively active is not always clear. 1884New Eng. Dict. Introd. 19. |