| 释义 |
Wallace|ˈwɒləs|
The name of Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), British naturalist, used attrib. or in the possessive to designate concepts originated by him or related to his work, as Wallace effect, the evolution of reproductive isolation between sympatric species; Wallace('s) line, a hypothetical boundary proposed by Wallace in 1858 as separating the Oriental and the Australasian biogeographical regions.
1966V. Grant in Amer. Naturalist C. 99 It seems fitting and desirable to designate the process of selection for reproductive isolation as the Wallace effect. 1981Amer. Jrnl. Bot. LXVIII. 1247/2 The sympatric origin of isolating mechanisms, the Wallace effect, postulates that those individuals in sympatric populations of the incipient species when crossed with members of the other species waste gametes in so doing, due to sterility or inviability of their progeny.
1868T. H. Huxley in Proc. Zool. Soc. 313 Passing south of India and Indo-Malaisia [sic], but north of the Nicobar islands, the boundary in question would coincide with what may be called ‘Wallace's line’, between the Indian and the Papuan divisions of the Malay archipelago. 1911Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 435 For fresh-water fishes Wallace's Line is..of fundamental importance. 1957P. J. Darlington Zoogeography vii. 469 A small fraction of the Oriental mammal fauna extends for a considerable distance across Wallace's Line. 1958A. J. Toynbee East to West xv. 44 Nor am I talking here of ‘the Wallace line’ between the gum trees and marsupial mammals of Australasia and the standard flora and fauna of the rest of the world. 1982New Scientist 3 June 653/1 Examination of the fauna..on Bali and the adjacent islands led him to define the ‘Wallace Line’—the division between the Oriental fauna to the west and the Australasian forms to the east and north. |