| 释义 |
regulation|rɛgjʊˈleɪʃən|
[f. regulate v.]
1. a. The act of regulating, or the state of being regulated. Also, an instance of this.
1672Earl of Essex in E. Papers (Camden) I. 27 Till I had them I would not venture one step in y⊇ regulation of Corporacions. 1676G. Towerson Decalogue 501 The whole duty of man..as concerns the regulation of our manners. 1765Blackstone Comm. I. xviii. 459 The advancement and regulation of manufactures and commerce. 1785Burke Nabob of Arcot's Debts Wks. IV. 199 For the interiour regulation of India, a minute knowledge of India is requisite. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. viii. II. 334 From the records of the Privy Council it appears that the number of regulations, as they were called, exceeded two hundred. 1885C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts Ser. iv. 316/2 Regulation is effected by raising the pendulum bob to make the clock go faster.
b. Biol. The property whereby a living organism can adapt the form of its body to accommodate for changes made or damage done to it, and whereby, in the normal course of development, the nature and growth of the various parts are so inter-related as to produce an integrated whole. Also attrib. [a. G. regulation (H. Driesch 1898, in Ergebnisse d. Anat.zund Entwickelungsgeschichte VIII. 718).]
1902Archiv für Entwicklungsmech. der Organismen XV. 187 The term regulation is employed here in the sense given by Driesch as including not only the actual regeneration of organs but any other changes, e.g., changes in the general form or outline and proportions of the body which may accompany or follow the replacement of lost parts. 1928J. S. Huxley Essays Pop. Sci. 261 For Haldane, regulation places organisms in a different category from any non-living systems: for Driesch, it demands the intervention of vitalistic ‘forces’ such as his hypothetical entelechy. Ibid. 280 Once the tissues of the organism have become differentiated and it is capable of function, extraordinary powers of regeneration and regulation are developed. 1948New Biol. V. 121 When the two cells resulting from the first cleavage division of a newt's egg are separated, at least one and often both form a complete though half-size individual. And conversely, two two-celled embryo newts can be fused to form a single large individual. This phenomenon of regulation, the adjustment of the entire developmental mechanism to disturbances of this sort, is a characteristic of the early stages of development of many kinds of animals. 1970Ambrose & Easty Cell Biol. xiii. 422 Eggs of this type, which have the capacity to redevelop normally after a disturbance, are known as regulation eggs.
2. A rule prescribed for the management of some matter, or for the regulating of conduct; a governing precept or direction; a standing rule.
a1715Burnet Own Time iii. (1724) I. 462 And then several regulations were made, chiefly the famed ones at Clarendon. 1765Blackstone Comm. I. vii. 263 The nature of foreign trade, it's privileges, regulations, and restrictions. 1774Kames Sketches ii. x. (1807) II. 319, I heartily approve every regulation that tends to prevent idleness. 1788(title) A Collection of Regulations, Orders, and Instructions formed and issued for the use of the Army. 1809–10Coleridge Friend (1865) 122 The regulations dictated by prudence..have passed away. 1870Dickens E. Drood ii, It's against regulations for me to call at night.
3. Electr. The degree to which the output (or some other property) of an apparatus remains the same when the load varies, expressed as the percentage change in the former for a given change in the latter.
1899Franklin & Williamson Elem. Alternating Currents x. 129 A transformer of which the secondary e.m.f. falls off but little with increase of current is said to have good regulation. 1900M. A. Oudin Standard Polyphase Apparatus & Systems iii. 42 A certain three-phase unitooth machine of large output gave a regulation of 61/4 per cent, from full load to 10 per cent of the load. 1947Proc. IRE XXXV. 444/2 The operations can be performed to any desired degree of precision, providing power supplies of excellent regulation and circuit components of high precision are used. 1975Physics Bull. June 247/2 (Advt.), The 227 output is dependable, too. Excellent regulation of 0·005%, stability to 0·01% and low noise combine to assume high output resolution. 1977Design Engin. July 81/1 Output regulation is specified as less than 0·1% for max to min load and for {pm}10% line voltage.
4. attrib.
a. That is prescribed by, or in accordance with, a regulation or regulations; such as is required or insisted on under some regulation; hence, regular, usual, ordinary, common.
1836–9Dickens Sk. Boz, Parish iii, The regulation cap to which the Miss Willises invariably restricted the..tastes of female servants in general. 1838― O. Twist xviii, The regulation mode of cutting the hair. 1848Thackeray Bk. Snobs xxix, He can't afford more than his regulation chargers. 1865Morley Mod. Charac. 168 Conversation is, as a rule, reduced to a regulation level of decorous flatness.
b. regulation district, etc. (see quots. 1845). regulation movement (see regulator 1 c). regulation roll, one of the rolls of the Court of Session, containing a list of those cases in which no appearance has been made for the defender.
1825Act 6 Geo. IV, c. 120 §29 All the Actions above enumerated, originating in the Court of Session, shall be first enrolled in..the Regulation Roll. 1845Stocqueler Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 121 The presidency of Bengal is divided into sixteen provinces, in seven of which..certain regulations prevail... These former are called regulation districts. Ibid. 123 Surat [etc.]..constitute the regulation collectorates; Scinde, Sattarah,..comprise the non-regulation divisions. 1867A. Gregg Hist. Old Cheraws 130 Such, however, was not the history of the Regulation Movement on the Pedee.
Hence reguˈlationist n., one who advocates regulation in some matter. Also as adj.
1886Pall Mall G. 2 July 13/2 Several cases where the Regulationist party in America had been circumvented. |