| 释义 |
ˈwakeman Obs. exc. arch.
Also 5 wak-, wayk-, walkman.
[f. wake n.1 + man. Cf. ON. vǫkumað-r (-mann).]
1. A watchman.
c1200Ormin 3812 All all swa summ þa wakemenn..offdrede wærenn..off þatt enngless sihhþe. a1225Ancr. R. 14 Þe fif wittes, þet witeð þe heorte alse wakemen hwarse heo beoð treowe. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ii. v. (1495) 32 Angels ben called walkmen and wardeyns for they warne men of perylles that maye falle. c1425Seven Sag. (P.) 1443 As thay spoken lowde togyder, The wakmen herde and come thydyr. 1461in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 301 The gaylere and the wakman of the saide citie..shal have the mesuring of salte and corne. 1483Cath. Angl. 406/2 A Waykman, noctivagus, pervigill, pernox, vigil (A.). 1552Inv. Ch. Goods York etc. (Surtees) 59 Churchewardens..wakmene and inhabitantes of the same parishe [Beverley, St. Nicholas]. 1905W. Watson Ballad Semmerwater Poems I. 193 King's tower and queen's bower, And the wakeman on the wall.
2. In the borough of Ripon:
a. In the 15–16th c. the designation of a class of municipal officers, whose duties included attendance on the shrine of St. Wilfrid. (Cf. quot. 1552 in 1, relating to one of the parishes of Beverley.)
b. The title of the chief magistrate of the borough until 1604, when it was exchanged for the title of mayor.
Lists of the ‘wakemen’ of the borough from 1400 to 1604 are extant, giving as a rule one name for each year, and ending with Hugh Ripplaye (see quot. c 1605). It is commonly assumed that the ‘wakeman’ who was chief magistrate was the head of the body of ‘wakemen’ referred to in quots. 1478 and 1511, but there is no evidence of this.
1478Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 259 Et in denariis sol[utis]. ministris villæ Ripon vocatis Wakemen, deservientibus feretro in festo Ascensionis Domini et per iij dies præcedentes, cap. per diem 4d., 16d. 1511Ibid. 177 De 56s. 1d. similiter per ipsum receptis de diversis personis electis in officium lez Wakeman. c1605Acct. Bk. W. Wray in Antiquary XXXII. 213, 1604. Heughe Ripplaye. The laste wakeman and first maior [of Ripon]. 1733Gent Hist. Rippon 139 A List of the Wakemen of Rippon, from the year 1400 (the rest of the Corporation were then called Elders) 'till King James I alter'd their Government, Anno Dom. 1604. 1875Stubbs Const. Hist. III. xxi. 583 The jurisdiction was exercised [at Ripon] by the bailiffs.., and the elective wakeman. |