| 释义 |
▪ I. interdict, n.|ˈɪntədɪkt|
Forms: α. 3 entredit, 4 enterdite. β. 5 interdite. γ. 5 interdicte, 7– interdict.
[ME. a. OF. entredit (13th c. in Hatz.–Darm.), in 14th c. intredit, mod.F. interdit, ad. L. interdictum (from interdictus, pa. pple. of interdīcĕre to interdict) to which the Eng. word was conformed in 16th c. The order in which the senses have been adopted in Eng. is the reverse of that in which they orig. arose.]
1. gen. An authoritative prohibition; an act of forbidding peremptorily.
a1626Bacon (J.), Among his other fundamental laws, he did ordain the interdicts and prohibitions touching entrance of strangers. 1671Milton P.R. ii. 369 These are not Fruits forbidden, no interdict Defends the touching of these viands pure. 1824W. Irving T. Trav. I. 217, I put a positive interdict on my rooms being exhibited. 1841Myers Cath. Th. iii. xii. 46 Irrepressible instincts and interdicts of the Conscience and the Reason.
2. Law.
a. Roman Law. A provisional decree of the prætor, in a dispute of private persons relating to possession, commanding or (more usually) forbidding something to be done.
1611Florio, Interdittione..Also an iniunction made by the Magistrate, an interdict. 1652Needham tr. Selden's Mare Cl. 87 Ulpian saith, against that man who hath cast a Dam or Pile into the Sea, an Interdict is allowed him who perhaps may bee endamaged thereby. 1681Stair Inst. Law Scotl. iv. xxvi. §1 These actions [possessory] are like the interdict in the Roman law, uti possidetis. 1880Muirhead Gaius iv. §140 They are called decrees when he orders something to be done, as when he commands that something shall be produced or restored; interdicts, when he prohibits something to be done.
b. Sc. Law. ‘An order of the Court of Session, or of an inferior court, pronounced, on cause shown, for stopping any act or proceedings complained of as illegal or wrongful’ (Bell Dict. Law Scotl.); corresponding to an injunction in English Law.
1810Act 50 Geo. III, c. 112 §41 Bills of suspension and interdict shall with respect to caution remain as at present. 1876Act 39 & 40 Vict. c. 70 §31 An interim interdict, although appealed against, shall be binding till recalled.
3. R.C. Ch. An authoritative sentence debarring a particular place or person (esp. the former) from ecclesiastical functions and privileges.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 10297 Þou hast nou..þe pope bisout Þat he relesi þe entredit. Ibid. 10393 Drede in eche half was vpe þis king Ion Of mansinge & entredit, & al so of is fon. 1390Gower Conf. I. 259 This pope..Hath sent the bulle of his sentence With cursinge and enterdite. 1481Caxton Reynard xxviii. (Arb.) 70, I shall..sende there an Inderdicte that noman shal rede ne syngen ne crystene chyldren ne burye the deede ne receyue sacramente. 1682Burnet Rights Princes v. 177 He requires them to put the whole Kingdom under an Interdict. 1769Robertson Chas. V (1796) III. xii. 423 Those Bulls and Interdicts..made the greatest Princes tremble. 1815Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) I. 265 He..stopped the usual call to prayers, and suspended all the ceremonies of religion, as if the country were under an interdict. 1885Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) s.v., Interdicts are divided into local, personal, and mixed. In the first kind a place is interdicted, so that no divine office may be celebrated or heard in it, either by the inhabitants or by strangers. By the second kind persons are interdicted, so as to be debarred from using the sacraments or exercising the functions prohibited, in whatever place they may be. By the mixed kind both place and persons are directly interdicted—e.g. a city and its inhabitants.
4. attrib. and Comb.
1875Poste Gaius iv. (ed. 2) 642 The mortgagor had by a legal fiction usucapion-possession, the mortgagee had interdict-possession. 1884Pall Mall G. 16 Feb. 7/2 One of the Glendale men who was imprisoned in connection with the well-known interdict case. 1898S. Evans Holy Graal 28 The Interdict difficulty had pressed hardly on former legations against the heretics.
▪ II. interdict, v.|ɪntəˈdɪkt|
Forms: α. 3–4 entredite, 4–6 enterdite, -dyte, (4–5 entir-, entyr-). β. 5–7 interdyte, 6 intredite, interdite. γ. 6– interdict.
[ME. entredite-n, f. entredit interdict n., after OF. entredire, pa. pple. entredit, ad. L. interdīcere, interdict-um to interpose by speech, forbid by decree, f. inter between + dīcĕre to say, speak; subseq. conformed, first in prefix, and finally in stem, to the L. ppl. stem interdict-. As in the n., the specific ecclesiastical sense was the earliest in Eng. use.]
1. trans. To declare authoritatively against the doing of (an action) or the use of (a thing); to forbid, prohibit; to debar or preclude by or as by a command.
1502Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) ii. xv. 123 All foule thoughtes & carnalle desyres to us ben interdyted and defended. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 68 As well bycause the Gospell interditeth it, as also bycause reason reclaimeth agaynst it. 1592Nobody & Someb. in Simpson Sch. Shaks. (1878) I. 329 What traitrous hand dares interdict our way? 1631Gouge God's Arrows iii. §94. 359 Clement 8. had sent..two Bulls, to interdict all claime or title to the Crown of England. 1725Pope Odyss. xix. 250 Firm wisdom interdicts the soft'ning tear. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India III. 461 All proceedings against the Rawal were..positively interdicted. 1865Livingstone Zambesi Pref. 8 The Portuguese interdict all foreign commerce.
2. To restrain (a person) by authority from the doing or use of something; to forbid to do something; to debar or preclude from something. (With the legal instances cf. interdiction 3 and interdict n. 2.) Const. from, † of, † to do something; also with double obj. (a person a thing).
c1575Balfour's Practicks (1754) 186 Ony persoun may..be interdictit fra alienation, dispositioun, or making of ony takkis of ony his landis and heritage, bot be expresse consent and assent of certane of his kinnismen and freindis, quhome he pleisis to name. 1575–85Abp. Sandys Serm. (Parker Soc.) 204 Who..will exclude thee out of his kingdom, interdict thee his tabernacle. 1581Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1597) c. 118 That the person, at quhais instance the vther is interdited or inhibite produce the said interdiction and inhibition..to the Clerke of the Schire. 1600Holland Livy xxv. 548 They judged him to bee a banished man..and interdicted the use of water and of fire. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxvii. 107 They interdicted that great Court from proceeding any further against them. 1713Steele Englishman No. 9. 57 In Italy..Women are..interdicted the Pleasures of Society and Conversation. 1815Zeluca II. 244 She is interdicted transmitting remembrance to old friends. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. II. ix. 313 The clergy were interdicted from indulging any longer in the polemics of theology. 1876Act 39 & 40 Vict. c. 70 Sch. A, To interdict the defender from [etc.] and to grant interim interdict. 1880Muirhead Gaius i. §128. 49 A person who, on account of crime..has been interdicted fire and water, forfeits his civic privileges.
3. Eccl. To cut off authoritatively from religious offices or privileges; to lay (a place or person) under an interdict: see interdict n. 3.
c1290Beket 1714 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 155 And entre-diten al engelond. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 10184 Þis bissopes.. entreditede al þis lond, & walis al so, Þat noþing of cristendom þer inne nere ido. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋892 The prest scholde be enterdyted that dede such a vilonye to terme of al his lyf. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. vii. (1520) 81 b/1 For the woundynge of a Cardynall he enterdyted all the cyte of Rome. 1530Tindale Pract. Prel. Wks. (Parker Soc.) II. 295 Then was the land interdicted many years. 1556Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 2 That yere the londe was enterdyted. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 147 Alexander not only allows the Conquerors pretensions to the Crown of England, but interdicts all those who should oppose him. 1700Tyrrell Hist. Eng. II. 901 The Legate..Interdicted the University of Oxford. 1885[see interdict n. 3].
Add:4. U.S. Mil. To impede (an enemy force) or interrupt (its lines of communication or supply), esp. by aerial bombardment; transf. to intercept (a prohibited commodity, etc.) or to prevent (its movement). Also absol. Cf. interdiction n. 4.
1951E. F. Gaynor New Mil. & Naval Dict. 135 Interdict, to hinder or prevent the use of a route or area by the enemy, by gunfire and/or chemical agents or bombing. 1966G. A. Carter Some Hist. Notes Air Interdiction Korea 17 Under conditions such as this, it would be virtually impossible to successfully interdict. 1977Washington Post 17 Feb. a30/3 The main thrust of the Rhodesian attacks appeared aimed at interdicting the Rhodesian nationalist guerillas who use staging camps in Mozambique for their operations into Rhodesia. 1984National Jrnl. (U.S.) 18 Feb. 344 The 11-member board was established to advise the President and Congress on requests from foreign countries for help in interdicting the flow of illicit cultural property into the United States. 1987New Yorker 18 May 81/1 There were reports that the largest shipment [of drugs] ever had just been ‘interdicted’.
▪ III. † interˈdict, ppl. a. Obs.
Also 5 -dyte, -dicte.
[ad. L. interdict-us, pa. pple. of interdīcĕre (see prec.); cf. F. interdit, -e.]
Interdicted: construed as pa. pple. of interdict v.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 85 Hit was interdicte [Higden interdictum fuit, Trevisa was forbode]..to kynge Alexander, that he scholde not entre in to Babylon. c1440Promp. Parv. 262/2 Interdyte, interdictus. 1484Caxton Fables of Poge (1889) 6 A place whiche is prophane or Interdicte. a1593Marlowe Faust. 763 Both he and thou shall stand excommunicate, And interdict from church's privilege. |