| 释义 |
▪ I. integrate, a.|ˈɪntɪgrət|
[ad. L. integrāt-us, pa. pple. of integrāre: see next.]
1. Made up, as a whole, of separate (integrant) parts, composite; belonging to such a whole; complete, entire, perfect: = integral A. 2, 3.
1485[implied in integrately]. 1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. ii. iv, Exceeding wittie and integrate [said of a joke]. 1697tr. Burgersdicius his Logick i. xiv. 46–7 An Integral Whole is that which has Part out of Part... This Whole termed Mathematical; because Quantity is of Mathematical Consideration: Vulgarly, Integral, more properly Integrate. 1836–7[see integral A. 2]. 1837–8Sir W. Hamilton Logic iii. (1866) III. 51 We may consider Logic either as a universal, or as an integrate whole. 1888J. T. Gulick in Linn. Soc. Jrnl. XX. 249/2 A transition from Integrate Fecundity to Segregate Fecundity usually takes place at a point in the history of evolution intermediate between the formation of an incipient variety and a strongly marked species. 1898Daily News 20 Apr. 5/5 The people of Spain are for the war to keep integrate their possessions in Cuba.
2. Psychol. Of, pertaining to, or designating people with strong eidetic imagery (particularly in the theories of Jaensch).
1930O. Oeser tr. Jaensch's Eidetic Imagery iii. 93 In these individuals functions that later are separate still interpenetrate one another to a high degree and influence each other. That is why we call them ‘integrate’. The integrate type is an earlier one from the evolutionary point of view. Ibid. 105 The integrate and disintegrate types are true fundamental forms of human existence corresponding, in a sense, to the fundamental forms discovered by biology. 1931Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. July 94 When the child is in an integrate state, it should not be forced to behave in a disintegrate manner. 1943H. Read Educ. through Art iv. iv. 81 Younger children and primitive peoples belong to an earlier evolutionary type which Jaensch calls ‘integrate’.
▪ II. integrate, v.|ˈɪntɪgreɪt|
[f. ppl. stem of L. integrāre to make whole, f. integer, integr- whole.]
1. a. trans. To render entire or complete; to make up, compose, constitute (a whole): said of the parts or elements. ? Obs.
1638Chillingw. Relig. Prot. i. ii. §159. 117 The particular doctrines which integrate Christianity. 1654Jer. Taylor Real Pres. 153 Matter and form are substances, and those that integrate all physical and compound substances: but till yesterday it was never heard that accidents could. a1716South Twelve Serm. (1744) II. 294 Did men consider..how many such good actions are required to integrate and perfect a legal righteousness.
b. To complete or perfect (what is imperfect) by the addition of the necessary parts.
1675R. Burthogge Causa Dei 125 Vertues..that Integrate the Humane Nature, without which it would be Lame, Imperfect, Defective. 1822–56De Quincey Confess. (1862) 58 The fragmentary contribution of one being integrated by the fragmentary contributions of others. 1858Gladstone Homer III. 297 The two sets of Phœnician reports are in this way oddly brought to integrate one another.
2. a. To put or bring together (parts or elements) so as to form one whole; to combine into a whole. (Sometimes with allusion to 3.)
1802Edin. Rev. I. 214 Time performs the office of integrating the infinitesimal parts of which this progression is made up. 1840J. H. Green Vital Dynam. 103 Tending to integrate all into one comprehensive whole. 1861J. G. Sheppard Fall Rome i. 36 This immense variety of ‘peoples, nations, and languages’ which Rome had integrated into a coherent whole.
b. To bring (racially or culturally differentiated peoples) into equal membership of a society or system; to cease to segregate (racially). Also intr., to become integrated. (See integration 1 c.)
1948Richmond (Virginia) Times-Dispatch 5 Aug. 1/8 (headline) Democrats ‘integrate’ Negroes for campaign. 1949W. E. Barker in Jrnl. Racial Affairs I. i. 25 In the same way it can be seen that were South Africa to try to integrate her widely differing races, she would only create far greater problems than such a policy could ever solve. 1962Daily Tel. 2 Aug. 10/2 It might be supposed that in doing these things for its people [i.e. of Tristan da Cunha], something had also been done to them: that they had..been ‘integrated’. Not so. They want to go home, with an intensity and unanimity of desire. 1964Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 10 June (1970) 163 A girl who was one of the first students to be integrated at Little Rock was praised by her counselor. 1964L. Nkosi Rhythm of Violence 46 Why don't Indians in this country ever ‘integrate’? 1966New Statesman 22 Apr. 575/1 Those children who came knowing some English integrated well, but, when we threw those who knew none into the maelstrom, they sank... No one was going to integrate without first being able to communicate. 1969Times 30 Apr. 8/3 The Americans intend to make the scheme permanent..but we advised the experiment to see how well they integrate. 1972Nature 24 Mar. 133/1 Old people, sick people and isolated people need access to a telephone if they are to be fully integrated with the rest of society.
3. a. Math. To find or calculate the integral of (a function or equation): see integral B. 4. Also absol. to perform the operation of integration.
to integrate by parts: see integration 2.
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Calculus, Any variable or flowing quantity can be differenced; but, vice versa, any differential cannot be integrated. 1778Playfair in Phil. Trans. LXVIII. 334 To integrate such equations. 1790Wildbore ibid. LXXX. 520 The product of a particle of the body into the square of its distance from such axis, when integrated through the whole body. 1802Woodhouse ibid. XCII. 94 To integrate these differential equations. 1804Ibid. XCIV. 266 Multiply each side by dθ, and integrate. 1831Brewster Nat. Magic xi. (1833) 294 To integrate innumerable equations of finite differences. 1885Watson & Burbury Math. Th. Electr. & Magn. I. 1 Integrating by parts between x = x1 and x = x2.
b. transf. and fig.; spec. to indicate or register the mean value, or the total sum of all the portions or elements, of some physical quantity: see integrating ppl. a. below.
1864Webster, Integrate..2. To indicate the whole; to give the sum or total; as, an integrating anemometer; that is, one that indicates or registers the entire action or motion of the wind in a given time. 1876Trans. Victor. Inst. 24 Integrate a moral phenomenon between limits a and b, your result is a good action. 1881Nature No. 625. 582 We not only integrate through the depth of the atmosphere, but also over the whole surface of the star..This is equivalent to the superposition of innumerable separate spectra.
Hence ˈintegrating vbl. n. and ppl. adj.
integrating spectroscope, a spectroscope in which the slit receives light from all parts of a luminous object and blends it all together to form a single united spectrum: opposed to analysing spectroscope; integrating circuit Electr., a circuit whose output is the integral, with respect to time, of the input; integrating factor Math., an expression by which a differential equation may be multiplied to turn it into an exact equation (and therefore integrable as it stands); integrating meter, a meter which indicates the total amount of one quantity (e.g. electric charge passed) by effectively integrating, with respect to time, another (e.g. electric current).
1654Whitlock Zootomia 555 The Universe, whereof he is an Integrating part. 1859G. Boole Treat. Differential Equations iv. 55 To every differential equation of the form Mdx + Ndy = 0, pertain an infinite number of integrating factors, all of which are included under a single functional expression. 1874L. Stephen Hours in Library (1892) II. vii. 215 There is a continuous series of integrating and disintegrating processes. 1898Daily News 15 Feb. 8/4 All the instruments, with the exception of the integrating spectroscope, were most successful. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXX. 597/1 All the above forms of house meters are called continuously integrating meters, in that the operation of recording or obtaining the time-integral of the current or power is continuous. 1943Gloss. Terms Electr. Engin. (B.S.I.) 75 Integrating frequency meter (master frequency meter), an instrument for integrating the number of cycles through which the supply voltage has passed, and enabling this to be compared with the number through which it would have passed had the frequency been maintained at the prescribed value. 1948L. Jánossy Cosmic Rays ii. 43 Some authors make use of an integrating circuit which allows [one] to read the average counting rate at any instant. 1952E. Molloy Electr. Instruments 37 The induction disc principle is now adopted as the basic pattern for all types of alternating current integrating meters throughout the world. 1961H. J. Reich Functional Circuits & Oscillators iv. 18 Integrating circuits find applications in..electronic instruments and controls,..in analog computers and in circuits for the generation of linearly rising voltages. 1962T. M. Apostol Calculus II. v. 241 A differential equation may have more than one integrating factor. 1973M. Woodhouse Blue Bone iii. 24 The integrating Dekatron counter I was designing. |