| 释义 |
instiˈtutionalize, v.
[f. as institutionalist + -ize.]
a. trans. To render institutional; to convert into or treat as an institution. Freq. as ppl. a.
1865R. H. Hutton in Pall Mall G. 20 Feb. 1 He moralizes finance and commerce, and..institutionalizes ethics and faith. 1893Age (Melbourne) 25 Nov., The Japanese, who institutionalise the social evil, could hardly agree with the Puritans. 1935B. Malinowski in M. Black Importance of Lang. (1962) 80, I have defined magic as the institutionalized expression of verbal optimism. 1952W. J. H. Sprott Social Psychol. ix. 187 In some simple societies it [sc. homosexuality]..is institutionalized;..those showing a persistent preference for their own sex are given a special position. 1959Daily Tel. 3 Apr. 10/2 Only a firm and institutionalised American commitment to Western Europe could achieve this end. 1962W. Nowottny Lang. Poets Use viii. 200 It means that the tears of the saviour have been metamorphosed into an institutionalized church. 1966Listener 17 Nov. 749/3 That it should issue from a highly institutionalized company should not surprise us. 1971A. Quinton in A. Bullock 20th Cent. 261/2 Marxism, institutionalized in the Communist world, has developed in a direction precisely opposite to the one he hoped for.
b. To house, train, or bring up in an institution; to subject (a person) to institutional life. In pass., to show signs of the influence of institutional life.
1905J. Burns in Daily Chron. 1 Dec. 4/4 He has been ‘institutionalised’, and I never yet knew the average man survive that pauperising ordeal. 1924Glasgow Herald 24 May 9 The day of the institutionalised boy or girl is past. 1949M. Mead Male & Female x. 204 Our techniques for diagnosing or institutionalizing the criminally insane are inadequate. 1959B. Wootton Social Sci. & Social Path. iii. 119 In which either a parent had been permanently institutionalized or the child concerned had been sent to live with relatives. 1969Daily Tel. 3 May 21/8 Because he was hopelessly institutionalised he was unable to look after himself when free. 1970G. F. Newman Sir, You Bastard v. 150 Sneed's doctor was sympathetic to his views, and thought the best plan was to put the child in an institution and have another. He offered to go and see Angie and help Sneed to institutionalize the infant. 1971Oxford Times 15 Oct. 1/9 [He] had been in approved schools, prison and mental hospitals for much of his life and had become ‘institutionalised’.
c. Linguistics. Usu. in pa. pple. or as ppl. a.: recognized or accepted by the speech community.
1949J. R. Firth in Trans. Philol. Soc. 1948 128 It is especially helpful that there are things called English words and Arabic words..; indeed, English words and Classical Arabic words are firmly institutionalized. 1961Y. Olsson Syntax Eng. Verb ii. 24 Punctuation..and spacing..mark off units which are institutionalized, that is to say, recognized by the speech community. 1962Listener 27 Sept. 467/2 Both in grammar and vocabulary Pidgin has deeply engrained distinctive features which are quite institutionalized, as we say. |