| 释义 |
instead, advb. phr.|ɪnˈstɛd|
Forms: 3 ine stude; 3–4 in stude, 4 in stud, in (yn) sted, 4–5 in stede, in stid, in stide, 6 in steede, Sc. in steid, (in stayd), 6–7 in steed, in steade, in stead; insteed(e, 7 insted, 7– instead.
[The two words in stead = ‘in place’, rarely written as one word before 1620, but seldom separately after c 1640, exc. when separated by a possessive pronoun or possessive case, as in my stead, in Duke William's stead. Most frequently followed by of, in the prepositional phrase in stead of, instead of (= Fr. au lieu de); formerly also in the stead of, which is still used dialectally, e.g. in the southern counties of Scotland. See stead n.
Of 16 instances of the phrase occurring in the 1623 Folio of Shakespeare, 6 are printed conjunctly; but not one of these so occurs in the earlier quartos. The only instance of the conjunct spelling before 1620 is that in 3 Hen. VI, ii. vi. 54, where the True Tragedy of 1595 has ‘Insteed of that’, and 1619 ‘Instead of that’. In all other instances, the earlier reading is in steed, or in stead. Thus in 1 Hen. IV, v. iii. 8 the 1623 Folio has ‘insted of thee’, but the Qo. of 1598 ‘in steed of thee’, and the 6 Qos. 1599–1632 ‘in stead of thee’.]
1. Phrase. instead of, † in stead of: In place of, in lieu of, in room of; for, in substitution for.
(α) separately. (Also in the stead of (obs. or dial.). For in his stead, in his friend's stead, and the like, see stead n.)
(In quot. 1557 of is omitted before the inf.)
a1225Ancr. R. 22 Siggeð a last, ine stude of Benedicamus, ‘Requiescant in pace’. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 4358 Is dragon arerd of golde As in stude of is baner. a1300Cursor M. 1139 In sted o þi noþer sede, Ne sal þe groue bot þorne and wede. c1449Pecock Repr. i. iv. (MS.) 8 b, Hise newe sacramentis wiþ whiche he chargid þe peple of cristen, in stide of..oold sacramentis. 1485Caxton Paris & V. 53 That he be recommaunded as your son in stede of me. 1551Robinson tr. More's Utop. ii. i. (1895) 122 The chykens, assone as they be come owte of the shell, followe men and women in steade of the hennes. 1557North tr. Gueuara's Diall Pr. 231 a/1 In stede to healpe hym to dye well, [he] putteth hym in vayne hope of long lyfe. 1584R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. x. viii. (1886) 148 Either fat, or oile in steed thereof. 1611Bible Transl. Pref. 3 Catholicon the drugge, that it is in stead of all purges. 1639Fuller Holy War i. 2 Pella..which served them in stead of a little Zoar. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 407/2 Q..is a Letter of small use, and put only in stead of C. [1718Freethinker No. 56 ⁋8 In the Stead of the Sanction was Established the famous Concordat.]
(β) As one word.
1595Shakes. True Trag. Rich. Dk. Yorke C iv b, Insteed of that [3 Hen. VI. ii. vi. 54, In steade whereof], let this supplie the roome. 1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. 101 The translation leadeth the schollar as by the hand, or insteed of his Master. 1634W. Tirwhyt tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. I.) 42 Thinke you not they made vse of their hands insteede of feete. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. i. ii. §10 Preserved in their Temples, which were instead of Libraries to them. 1709Steele Tatler No. 18 ⁋1 It was written, This is the Beer, instead of, This is the Bear. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. iii, Instead of money he gave promises. 1852Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 182 We went on the Saturday instead of the Friday. 1892Gardiner Stud. Hist. Eng. 6 They burned instead of burying their dead.
b. Instead of may also be used elliptically before a preposition, adverb, adjective, or phrase.
1834Sir H. Taylor Autobiog. (1885) I. 194 People..called upon to conform to my taste, instead of to read something which is conformable to theirs. 1865R. W. Dale Jew. Temp. Notes (1877) 303 The Law was to be written on the hearts of men instead of on tables of stone. Mod. I found the patient worse instead of better. You should be out instead of in, on such a fine day. I found it on the floor instead of in the drawer.
2. Without of: In its stead, in stead or in place of the thing mentioned; as a substitute.
1667Milton P.L. xii. 54 To rase Quite out thir Native Language, and instead To sow a jangling noise of words unknown. 1821Shelley Dirge for Year i, Come and sigh, come and weep! Merry hours, smile instead. 1836J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (1837) III. iii. 39 When we look for evidence of his faith..we discover instead a deadness to all considerations. 1866Ruskin Eth. Dust. 17 The money which the English habitually spend in cutting diamonds..if it were applied to cutting rocks instead [etc.]. |