| 释义 |
amino- Chem.,|ˈæmɪnəʊ, əˈmaɪnəʊ, əˈmiːnəʊ|
combining form of amine, used spec. in names of compounds containing the group NH2 combined with a non-acid radical (thus distinguished from amido-, which in strict use denotes those with an acid radical). Also used without hyphen as a quasi-adj. Examples: amin(o-)aˈcetic acid = glycine; amino-acid, one of an important class of organic compounds represented by the general formula NH2·R·COOH, in which R is an aliphatic radical, having both basic and acidic properties; aminobenˈzoic acid, a crystalline acid, NH2·C6H4·COOH, of which the name of the ortho-compound is anthranilic acid; aminoˈphenol, one of a group of aromatic compounds of the type NH2·C6H4OH, used as components of certain dyes; aminoˈphyllin(e), a compound of theophylline and ethylenediamine, used as a diuretic and cardiotonic; aminoplastic, a plastic or synthetic resin derived from certain amino (or amido) compounds; also attrib. or adj. and in the shortened form ˈaminoplast; also amino resin; amiˈnopterin [shortened from amino-pteroyl-glutamic + -in], also called 4-aminopteroyl glutamic acid, a yellow crystalline compound used in the treatment of some kinds of leukæmia, as an insecticide, etc.
1887A. M. Brown Anim. Alkaloids 85 The modes of syntheses of glycocolle or aminacetic acid and cyanide. 1898Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXIV. 845/2 Glycocine (amino-acetic acid), as the chief amino-acid of sugar-cane. 1901Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXX. i. 190 The acidity of an amino-acid depends on the electrochemical character of the groups near to the amino-nitrogen atom. 1904Ibid. LXXXVI. i. 664 Electrolytic preparation of p-Aminophenol and its derivatives. Ibid. 806 p-Aminobenzoic acid may be acetylated by heating its sodium salt with glacial acetic acid. 1904Goodchild & Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 15/2 Benzene is C6H6; the compound C6H5NH2 is amino-benzene, commonly called aniline. Ibid., Amino compounds have the group NH2 replaced by OH when acted on by nitrous acids. 1906Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Ind. XXV. 585/1 Manufacture of Aminophenols. 1910Encycl. Brit. III. 756/2 Ortho-amino-benzoic acid, C6H4 . NH2 . COOH (anthranilic acid), is closely related to indigo. Ibid. V. 305/1 By the reduction of nitro-phenols, the corresponding aminophenols are obtained, and of these, the meta- and para- derivatives are the most important. 1910Practitioner June 823 Practically all proteins are broken down by hydrolysis into the various amino-acids, out of which they were originally formed. 1934Chem. Abstr. 7364 Action of theophylline-ethylenediamine (aminophyllin, metaphyllin) varied considerably. 1936Mod. Plastics Oct. 312/1 Aminoplast, general term for synthetic resins from amino or amido compounds. 1938Brit. Plastics IX. 387 Amino-Plastics..Increased attention [has been] given to amino- and other plastics. 1940Brit Jrnl. Exper. Path. XXI. 89, p-amino-benzoic acid has high activity in antagonizing sulphanilamide inhibition... There is strong circumstantial evidence that the yeast factor may be p-aminobenzoic acid. 1940Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XLVI. 60 ‘Kaurit’ synthetic resin glue was used, a glue which is based on aminoplastics. 1945New Biol. I. 16 Another 1·5 per cent [of a potato] consists in the main of amino acids. 1948Lancet 2 Oct. 540/1 Aminopterin is a folic-acid antagonist. 1953Sci. News. XXIX. 70 As a result of the protein breakdown there is a great increase in the amino-acid content of the cheese. 1955Sci. News Let. 14 May 313/3 Chemicals like colchicine and aminopterin prevent cell division. Ibid. 28 May 345/2 She was given penicillin, digoxin for the heart, sedatives, morphine, aminophylline and streptomycin. 1958Times Rev. Industry Feb. 77/2 Aminoplastic resins..showed a 20 per cent. increase on last year. 1958Times 5 July 10/7 A number of o-amino-phenols are now known to induce cancer in the bladder. 1958Oxford Mail 7 Oct. 1/1 The Pope's personal physician at one time administered aminophyllin and eupaperin when the signs of circulatory trouble in the brain set in. 1959Chambers's Encycl. III. 361/1 The amino-acids, such as amino-acetic acid or glycine, CH2(NH2).COOH, are amphoteric substances, being both acidic and basic; they are of particular interest in biochemistry as the final products of the hydrolysis of proteins, such as egg-white, haemoglobin, collagen, and keratins. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xii. 233 The characteristic functional group of primary amines, {b1}NH2, is called ‘amino-’; similarly, the simplest group characteristic of a tertiary amine, (CH3)2N{b1}, is known as ‘dimethylamino-’. Ibid. xxii. 446 A poly-functional derivative [of the aromatic amines], p-aminobenzoic acid, is widely distributed in nature in small amounts, and is an essential dietary factor for many bacteria and higher animals.
▸ aminobutyric acid n. Biochem. each of three crystalline, isomeric amino acids that are amino derivatives of butyric acid having the formula C4H9NO2; cf. gamma-aminobutyric acid n. at gamma n. Additions.
[1880Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 38 541 A deliquescent mass of crystals of β-amidobutyric acid, CHMe(NH2)·CH2·COOH, is obtained.] 1900Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 78 i 557 When pyrrolidone is boiled with alkalis, concentrated hydrochloric acid, or barium hydroxide, it is converted into γ-*aminobutyric acid. 1962U. Dardenne & G. Kirsten in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism 416 Aminobutyric acid, a component of ophthalmic acid,..and methionine occur in a higher concentration in lenses of older animals. 1983Current Affairs Bull. Dec. 19/1 More likely it [sc. hydrogen cyanide gas] would be used for food by certain bacteria, resulting in the formation of relatively harmless compounds such as carbon dioxide and various organic acids—for example, amino butyric acid. |