| 释义 |
amine Chem.
(ˈæmaɪn, əˈmaɪn; the latter always in comb)
[f. ammonia) + -ine.]
Generic name of the compound ammonias, in which one or more of the three hydrogen atoms in ammonia, NH3, are exchanged for alcohol or other positive radicals, as methyl, ethyl, phenyl, or for a metal, as potassium, platinum, zinc.
They are distinguished as Monamines, Diamines, Triamines, according to the number of ammonia molecules represented in the molecule of the compound; each of which may be primary, secondary, or tertiary, according as 1/3, 2/3, or the whole of the hydrogen is replaced. The nature of the replacing radical or element is shown by prefixing its name, as in primary amines, Methylamine, Ethylamine, Phenylamine, Platinamine, Potassamine, Zincamine; or, in secondary and tertiary amines, in the case of two or three replacements by the same radical, Di-ethylamine, Tri-potassamine, or by different radicals as Methyl-ethylamine, Di-methyl-ethylamine (NH3, in which 2 atoms of H are replaced by methyl, and 1 by ethyl), Methyl-ethyl-amylamine (containing one atom each of methyl, ethyl, and amyl, in union with the nitrogen of the original ammonia). Primary amines were originally included under amides in the earlier sense; they may be represented as derived from the paraffins by substitution of amidogen, NH2, for hydrogen, or from the alcohols by substitution of amidogen for hydroxyl.
1863Watts Dict. Chem. (1872) I. 169 Ammonias in which 1 or more atoms of hydrogen are replaced by base-radicles. This division we call ‘amines.’ 1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. 146 It is a true amine. 1879Syd. Soc. Lex. s.v., The amines are basic compounds, capable of uniting with acids and forming salts..The lower members of the group are gases, the higher oily liquids. |