| 释义 |
▪ I. vomit, n.|ˈvɒmɪt|
Forms: 4–5 vomyt (5 womyt, vomyght), 5–6 vomyte, 5–7 vomite, 6 vomitte, 6– vomit (6 womit), 7–8 vomitt; 4–6 vomet, 5 -ete, -ette, 6 womeit, 7 vomett.
[a. AF. vomit, -ite, OF. vomite (= It., Sp., Pg. vomito), or ad. L. vomit-us, f. vomĕre: see next.]
1. The act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth:
a. With a and pl.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 85 Duke Edrik,..feynynge a vomet or brakynge, seide þat he was seek. c1400Destr. Troy 13545 The salt water sadly sanke in my wombe, Þat I voidet with vomettes by vertu of goddes. 1484Caxton Curial 3 b, We ete so gredyly..that otherwhyle we caste it up agayn and make vomytes. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 194 b, For very feblenes of nature caused by purgacious and vomites he dyed. 1579Langham Gard. Health 437 Nvx vomica..causeth a strong vomite. 1601B. Jonson Poetaster v. iii, I haue pills about me Would giue him a light vomit. 1681Rycaut tr. Gracian's Critick 123 It gave them immediately such a Vomit, that they speued forth most vile Corruption. 1707Floyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 158 They soon grow old, they have..Phrensies, choleric Vomits, and Fluxes. 1740Cheyne Regimen p. v, Vomits drive forcibly out of the upper part of the chyliferous Tube..its noxious contents. 1794T. Taylor Pausanias' Descr. Greece III. 172 He afterwards threw it up by a vomit. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 901 Vomiting in perityphlitis..may occur repeatedly, or there may be only an initial vomit.
fig.1411–2Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 272 Vnwise is he þat besy þoght ne dredeþ. In whom þat he his mortel venym schedeþ, But if a vomyt after folwe blyue, At þe port of despeir he may arryue. a1635Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 55 Others..stirred up the dregs of those rude humours, which by time..he sought to repose, or to give them all a vomit.
b. Without article.
c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1898 Hym gayneth neither for to gete his lif, Vomyt vpward, ne dounward laxatif. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 247 Vomyte purgyth the stomake of ill humours aboue, as a medecyne laxatyfe benethe. c1440Promp. Parv. 512/1 Vomyte, or evomyte, brakynge, vomitus. 1528Paynell Salerne's Regim. D iij, He shulde eate no maner of meates without his stomake be net, and purged of all yl humours by vomet. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 293 They remedy that surfecte by vomyte whiche they prouoke by eatynge of antes. 1564Harding Answ. Jewel 46 When the deacon had forced her to receiue a litle of the cuppe, the yeax and vomite followed. a1610Healey Cebes (1636) 135 Which purgeth out all their ingulphed evils, as by vomit or ejection. c1610Women Saints 40 As often as she eate of the..meate, she by vomite cast it vp againe. 1694Salmon Bate's Dispens. (1713) 331/2 It is said to be Diaphoretick, and gently to provoke Vomit.
†c. With the, in specific use. Obs.—1
a1585Montgomerie Flyting 318 The weam-eill, the wild⁓fire, the vomit and the vees.
d. (See quot.)
1898Morris Austral Eng. 20/1 Barcoo Vomit, a sickness occurring in inhabitants..of the interior of Australia. It is characterized by painless attacks of vomiting.
2. a. Matter ejected from the stomach by vomiting; = spew n. 1.
c1390Wycliffite Bible 2 Pet. ii. 22 An hound turned aȝen to his woom [v.rr. vomyt, womyt]. c1440Gesta Rom. lxiv. 278 (Harl. MS.), He may be likenide to an hound þat turnith aȝen to his vomyt. 1535Coverdale Isaiah xxviii. 8 All tables are so ful of vomyte and fylthynes, yt no place is clene. 1578H. Wotton Courtlie Controv. 205 The Image of Bacchus with fat red cheekes, begrimed wyth vomets. 1631R. Bolton Comf. Affl. Consc. (1635) 307 As a loathsome vomit is to the stomacke of him that casts it out so are luke-warme Professours to the Lord Jesus. 1643Trapp Comm. Gen. vi. 11 The vomit of a dog. 1820Shelley Œdipus i. 353 Here The Gadfly's venom..Is mingled with the vomit of the Leech. 1876J. S. Bristowe Th. & Pract. Med. (1878) 655 The character of the vomit depends on circumstances. Generally, however, it comprises mucus..and bile. 1882Ballantine Exper. Barrister's Life II. 10 A physician.. who was present when the vomit was analysed.
b. black vomit, a blackish matter, resembling coffee grounds and due to hæmorrhage, vomited in severer cases of yellow fever; also, the disease of yellow fever itself.
1749Phil. Trans. XLVI. 137 The black Vomit was not known at Cartagena..until the Years 1729 and 1730. c1793Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XI. 146/2 The Yellow Fever..is the same with that called, from one of its worst symptoms, the black vomit. 1833Cycl. Pract. Med. II. 295 A fever, with yellow skin and black vomit in some of the cases, appeared among a party of forty men. 1876J. S. Bristowe Th. & Pract. Med. (1878) 199 On the third or fourth day, or later, the vomited matters..begin to contain blood..and they soon assume..a coffee-ground character, constituting the so-called ‘black vomit’. 1883Century Mag. July 427/1 Hands sent aboard..left on the next day, believing they had detected ‘black vomit’ in her hospital.
attrib.1833Cycl. Pract. Med. II. 265 A black-vomit epidemic. Ibid., The black-vomit fever of the West Indies.
c. (See quots.)
1886Fagge's Princ. & Pract. Med. II. 808/1 Coffee-ground vomit in cancer of stomach. 1895Funk's Stand. Dict., Bilious vomit, bile forced back into the stomach and ejected with vomited matter.
3. a. fig. (Chiefly in allusion to Prov. xxvi. 11 and 2 Pet. ii. 22.)
(a)1575Gascoigne Glasse Govt. Argt., Wks. 1910 II. 5 The eldest (turning to their vomit) take their cariage with them, and travaile the worlde. 1579J. Northbrooke Dicing (1843) 80 Turne no more to the puddle and vomit of your filthye, ydle life. 1601F. Godwin Bps. of Eng. 7 They likewise returned to the filthie vomite of their abominable idolatrie. 1642Milton Apol. Smect. Wks. 1851 III. 290 Now that ye have started back from the purity of Scripture..to the old vomit of your traditions. 1677W. Hubbard Narrative 14 Returning back to his old vomit, he was at last prevailed with to forsake Philip. 1706Stevens Span. Dict. i, Bolver al vomito, to return to the vomit, to relapse into sin.
(b)a1583Polwart Flyting 564 in Montgomerie's Poems (S.T.S. 1910) 170 The loun man lik his womeit, and deny His schameles sawis. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, i. iii. 99 Now thou would'st eate thy dead vomit vp, And howl'st to finde it. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. i. iv, Dog! I will make thee eate thy vomit up. 1655Vaughan Silex Scint. i. Misery 20, I..Feed on those vomits of my heart.
b. Applied with contemptuous force to persons or things of a vile, loathsome, or disgusting character.
1610B. Jonson Alch. i. i, Out you dog-leach, The vomit of all prisons. 1650T. Vaughan Anthroposophia To Rdr., It is not the primitive Trueth of the Creation.., but a certaine preternaturall upstart, a vomit of Aristotle. 1880L. Wallace Ben-Hur 531 The vomit of Jerusalem is coming. 1889J. Dickie Words Faith, Hope & L. (1892) 272 Jesus speaks of him as a vomit, which He will have to spue out.
c. transf. Substance cast out by discharge or eruption.
1695Blackmore Pr. Arth. iii. 65 The lab'ring Mounts Belch drossy Vomit out. 1914Blackw. Mag. Oct. 473/1 Four companies..had to be detailed to capture it under cover of a mountain battery's vomit.
4. A powder, draught, or other medicine which causes vomiting; an emetic.
Freq. from c 1600 to c 1800.
a1400Stockholm Med. MS. ii. 51 in Anglia XVIII. 309 Ȝif þou of vomites wylt hawe bote. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 18 Laxatiues & vometis ben nedeful to hem, þat han olde rotid woundis. 1522More De quat. Noviss. Wks. 100 Fain wold we haue some medicins, as purgacions & vomites, to pul down & auoid yt we cram in to much. 1580J. Hester tr. Fioravanti's Disc. Chirurg. 37 The first thing that I gaue him was a vomitte that purged the stomacke. 1605Timme Quersit. i. xiii. 53 The extraction whereof maketh a very good and gentle vomit. 1664Wood Life (O.H.S.) II. 19 A vomitt that I took of Mr. Alport, 1s. 6d. 1712Swift Jrnl. to Stella 18 Sept., I have taken a vomit to-day, and hope I shall be better. 1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Emetic, The great practice of the antient Egyptian physicians consisted in glysters, vomits, and abstinence. 1785J. Trusler Mod. Times II. 161, I told the scoundrel to make up a vomit, and he has made up a purge. 1803Beddoes Hygeia ix. 155 The state of the stomach had been changed by absorbents, vomits or bitters. 1822–7Good Study Med. (1829) I. 452 He saw from thirty to fifty gall-stones voided after taking only an oil vomit. 1860Mayne Expos. Lex. 1337/2 Vomit, common term for an emetic draught or powder.
fig.1589Nashe Pasquill & Marf. 20 Martin..poysoned her [sc. Divinity] with a vomit which he ministred vnto her, to make her cast vppe her dignities and promotions. 1643Trapp Comm. Gen. vi. 13 The earth..is burdened with them, and cryes to me for a vomit to spue them out.
5. The hood or cover of a vomiting boiler.
1880J. Dunbar Practical Paperm. (1881) 19 [Rags] boiled with steam..for 10 hours in stationary boilers without vomit. 1885Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 220/1 [The] hot liquid..is dispersed all over the boiler by striking against a hood E at the top. This is technically known as the ‘vomit’.
6. Comb., as vomit-green adj.; vomit bag = sick-bag s.v. sick a. 12.
1975D. Lodge Changing Places i. 42 The passengers swallow to relieve the pressure on their eardrums, close their eyes, finger their passports and vomit-bags. 1978D. Murphy Place Apart i. 6 The sleazy plastic Lounge Bar had a vomit-green carpet.
▪ II. vomit, v.|ˈvɒmɪt|
Forms: 5–6 vomyte, 6–7 vomite, 6 vomyt, -itte, womit, 6– vomit; 6 vomete, womet.
[a. L. vomit-, ppl. stem of vomĕre (whence It. vomire, F. vomir: see vome v.), or ad. L. vomit-āre (whence It. vomitare, Sp., Pg., and Pr. vomitar, obs. F. vomiter), frequentative of vomĕre to vomit. Cf. evomit v.]
1. intr. To bring up and eject the contents of the stomach by the mouth; to cast or throw up; = spew v. 1.
1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 245 If a man haue nede to vomyte, lete hit be done atte myde-day. 1529More Suppl. Soulys Wks. 322/1 Then shall ye sometime see..al their bodye shiuer for paine, and yet shall neuer vomete at all. 1553Eden Treat. New Ind. (Arb.) 16 Some..are prouoked to vomitte, euen as they were tossed on the sea. 1592Kyd Murder J. Brewen ⁋5 Immediatlie after he began to vomet exceedingly. c1643Ld. Herbert Autobiog. (1824) 127 Sir Herbert Croft..met him upon the water vomiting all the way. 1675E. Wilson Spadacr. Dunelm. 79 In case the Stomach be fowl, and the Patient..be apt to Vomit. 1722De Foe Plague (1754) 67 The young Lady complained she was not well; in a Quarter of an Hour more she vomited. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VII. 294 The belly was always greatly swollen, when the animal began to vomit. 1804Abernethy Surg. Obs. 231 She complained..of extreme sickness, which produced frequent efforts to vomit. 1872Darwin Emotions xi. 259 The monkeys in the Zoological Gardens often vomit whilst in perfect health.
2. a. trans. To bring up and discharge (swallowed food or drink) through the mouth; to cast out (a matter or substance) in this way; = spew v. 2. Also fig.
1560Bible (Geneva) Prov. xxiii. 8 Thou shalt vomit thy morsels that thou has eaten. 1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Vomitus, Matter of diuers colours vomited. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. iii. i. 232 My bowels cannot hide her woes, But like a drunkard must I vomit them. 1611― Cymb. i. vi. 45 Sluttery..Should make desire vomit emptinesse, Not so allur'd to feed. 1804Med. Jrnl. XII. 149 His stomach became uneasy, and he vomited a small portion of the last dose. 1845Encycl. Metrop. VII. 552/1 The matters vomited are merely the contents of the stomach, half digested. 1898J. Hutchinson in Arch. Surg. IX. 109 A lady vomited the contents of a very large swelling which had formed.
b. Freq. with advs., as forth, out, up.
1541Elyot Image Gov. 23 Yf by chance he espied any of them, he was therwith so greued, that he immediately wolde vomite vp colar. 1565Cooper Thesaurus, Reijcere sanguinem, to vomite out bloudde. a1591H. Smith Wks. (1866) II. 59 Then might the poor be fed with that which he oftentimes..loathsomely vomits forth. 1609Bible (Douay) Jonah ii. 11 The Lord spoke to the fish: and it vomited out Jonas upon the dry land. 1663Cowley Cutter Coleman St. ii. viii, I ha' vomited out..all my entrails. 1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. II. Treat. Orange Trees 43 The Juggler, who..Vomits up so many several sorts of Water, all differing in Colour, Taste, and Smell. 1756M. Calderwood in Coltness Collect. (Maitl. Cl.) 174 You must know it is a mortall sin to vomit up this morsell. 1818–20E. Thompson Cullen's Nosol. Method. (ed. 3) 247 Desire of food in great quantity, which is immediately vomited up. 1845Birch in Classical Museum III. 420 The Jason vomited up by the serpent of the Fleece. 1904Spencer & Gillen North. Tribes Cent. Austral. xiv. 472 The natives say that once some men..became so ill that they vomited forth their livers.
3. fig.
a. To eject, reject, cast out or up, esp. with abhorrence or loathing.
1562Winȝet Wks. (S.T.S.) II. 54 That thai mot..womet out agane fra the ground thai bittir and tribulous seis of errouris. 1582N. T. (Rhem.) Rev. iii. 16 Because thou art..neither cold nor hote, I wil begin to vomite thee out of my mouth. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. v. iii, They faine would cast And vomit him from off their governement. 1636Sir R. Baker Cato Variegatus 94 Praise not too much; lest thou be forc'd in th' end To eate thy words, and vomit up thy friend. a1704T. Brown Dial. Dead, Belgic Hero Wks. 1711 IV. 67 A haughty Tyrant..was obliged to vomit up numberless Provinces and Towns, which he had dishonourably stolen. 1839T. Mitchell Frogs of Aristoph. Introd. p. xcii, A stern admonition, that where such vices are practised, the very earth shall vomit out its inhabitants.
b. To give vent to, belch out, or utter (abusive or objectionable language); = spew v. 2 c. Chiefly with advs. (as forth, out, up) or preps.
1592Breton Pilgr. Paradise Wks. (Grosart) I. 12/2 Vp did start the heade of Gluttonie, Vomiting out theese wordes of villany. 1611B. Jonson Catiline iv. ii, I hope This Senate is more graue, then to giue credit Rashly to all he vomits. 1639S. Du Verger tr. Camus' Admir. Events 270 He..made him vomit out a thousand outragious speaches against the perfidie..of Babilas. 1675Cotton Scoffer Scoft 96 All these abominable names Thou vomits forth so fluently. 1865Parkman Champlain viii. (1875) 289 The Frenchman vomited against him every species of malignant abuse.
absol.1640Sir E. Dering Carmelite iv. (1641) 52 How basely..is unfit for any man to foul his pen with; more unfit for you..so to vomit against your dead Prince.
4. transf.
a. To discharge, to give, send, or throw out (flames, water, etc.) copiously or with force.
1552Huloet, Vomitynge or castynge out water, vndiuomus. 1634Milton Comus 655 He and his curst crew..like the sons of Vulcan, vomit smoke. 1635Quarles Emblems i. xi. (1718) 45 Sol's hot-mouth'd steeds, whose nostrils vomit flame. 1697Dryden æneid v. 894 The silent plague [sc. fire] through the green timber eats, And vomits out a tardy flame by fits. 1748W. Melmoth Fitzosborne Lett. li. (1749) II. 47 Those grotesque heads..which the ingenious architect has represented in the act of vomiting out the rain, which falls through certain pipes. 1820Shelley Prometh. Unb. i. i. 552 Many a million-peopled city Vomits smoke in the bright air. 1851Kingsley Yeast xv, That huge black⁓mouthed sewer, vomiting its pestilential riches across the mud. 1871Palgrave Lyr. Poems 84 The roar Of the dead salt sea that vomits Wrecks of the past ashore.
b. To discharge or emit, to send out or pour forth (persons or things, esp. in numbers) in a manner suggestive of vomiting.
1594Shakes. Rich. III, v. iii. 318 A scum of Brittaines,..Whom their o're-cloyed Country vomits forth To desperate Aduentures. 1819C'tess Spencer in Lady Lyttelton's Corr. viii. (1912) 213 If I find any Englishwoman going home by a diligence,..Mrs. Bishop may be vomitted out at the Black Bear, Piccadilly. 1820Ibid. 222 All such as you see vomited out of the steam-vessel upon Ramsgate or Margate piers. 1834S. E. Brydges Autobiog. I. 108 An incredible quantity of nonsense is vomited from the press. 1850Dickens Dav. Copp. xvii, There was Uriah's blue bag lying down and vomiting papers. 1922Joyce Ulysses 750 If there was a row on you vomit a better face. 1946E. O'Neill Iceman Cometh iii. 182 You'll be saying something soon that will make you vomit your own soul like a drink of nickel rotgut that won't stay down! 1955E. Bowen World of Love x. 185 Bent in two, she vomited laughter; though also, mortified by the exhibition, she let out penitent sobs and moans.
c. To eject or cast out by volcanic action; = spew v. 4 c. Also with advs., as forth, up.
1614Earl Stirling Doomsday ii. lviii, The earth..Doth vomit mountaines, and doth swallow Townes. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 107 A little Rockie Island, which..vomited up incredible Flames. 1713Lond. Gaz. No. 5128/8 Mount Vesuvius had vomited violent Streams of Sulphur. 1770W. Hodson Ded. Temp. Solomon 4 ætna vomits forth her livid Fires. 1794R. J. Sulivan View Nat. I. 76 A mouth of fire is opened in a low place..: that mouth vomits a quantity of burning matters. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. III. iii. iv, Mentz is changing into an explosive crater, vomiting fire, bevomited with fire! 1866Herschel Fam. Lect. Sci. (1867) 33 The opening of a chasm vomiting fire and red-hot stones and ashes. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 218 The fused rocks..which are vomited forth by volcanoes.
5. a. absol. Of emetics: To cause vomiting.
1651French Distill. v. 172 You may have a Liquor in the morning which will vomit. 1681tr. Belon's Myst. Physick Introd. 50 Which Tincture does variously operate, sometimes purging, sometimes (though rarely) vomiting. 1737Bracken Farriery Impr. (1756) I. 284 The Mineral Bezoar will sometimes vomit. 1762Gentl. Mag. 274 It [hemlock] seldom purges, very rarely vomits. 1822–7Good Study Med. (1829) II. 57 Emetic tartar, when introduced into the jugular vein, will vomit in one or two minutes. 1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. iv. 50 When chemistry reveals why Tartar Emetic vomits.
b. trans. To cause (a person) to vomit.
1662R. Mathew Unl. Alch. 3 Yet will it vomit some, purge others, and make others sweat out of measure. 1753N. Torriano Gangr. Sore Throat 34 We gave some Ipecacuanha, which vomited our Patient, and made her discharge several Membranes and Fragments of Eschars. 1756C. Lucas Ess. Waters II. 141 Some having taken this water in a mistake,..it has vomitted and purged them. 1799Underwood Dis. Childhood (ed. 4) I. 21 It is true, vinum antimoniale does not always vomit children. 1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xii. 131 Almost every dose vomited him.
c. Said of the person administering the emetic; or in passive of the patient.
1684tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. viii. 298 We presently proceeded to vomit him: for he was easy to vomit. 1727Swift Further Acc. E. Curll Wks. 1755 III. i. 158, I have taken involuntary purges, I have been vomited. 1756Med. Obs. & Inq. (1776) I. xxi. 271, I proposed..to relieve her, by vomiting her in the most gentle manner. 1790J. C. Smyth in Med. Commun. II. 478 He was vomited with tartar emetic. 1810Byron Let. to Hodgson 3 Oct., The English Consul..forced a physician upon me, and in three days vomited and glystered me to the last gasp. 1841Catlin N. Amer. Ind. lviii. (1844) II. 248 He is vomiting and purging his patients with herbs.
fig.1682Dryden & Lee Dk. Guise iii. ii, I took thee for my Soul's Physician, And dost thou vomit me with this loath'd Piece? 1798Anti-Jacobin No. 10 We'll vomit his purse, And make it the guineas disgorge.
6. intr. To issue, or come out, with force or violence; to rush out, to spout up.
1632Lithgow Trav. ix. 392 It impetuously vomiteth out, in an outragious Torrent. 1844,1904[see vomiting ppl. a.]
Hence ˈvomited ppl. a.
1846Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. II. 393 A case in which urea was detected in the vomited fluid. 1873C. H. Ralfe Phys. Chem. 46 In certain forms of dyspepsia they have been obtained from the vomited matters. |