| 释义 |
voider|ˈvɔɪdə(r)|
Also 5 woider, 5–7 (9) voyder, 6 -iar, vodyer; 5, 6–7 Sc., voydour, Sc. 5 vyd-, 6 vod-, voidour.
[f. void v. + -er1, or ad. OF. vuideur, vuideor, voideor, etc. (obs. F. videur), f. voider void v. Cf. avoider.]
†1. That which keeps off or away; a screen or defence; a remover or driver away of something.
c1400Destr. Troy 339 Vmbe the sercle of the Citie was sothely a playne,..With lef-sales vppon lofte lustie and faire,..With voiders vnder vines for violent sonnes. c1520Everyman B v, A precious iewell I wyll gyue the Called penaunce, voyder of aduersyte. a1550in Dunbar's Poems (S.T.S.) 329 The sterne of day, voyder of dirknes.
†2. A piece of armour covering an exposed or unprotected place (see quot. 1880). Obs.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 10028 Doublet & quysseux, wiþ poleyns ful riche, Voydes [sic], breche of maille, wyþ paunz non liche. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy iii. 50 [They] did on firste, after her desires, Sabatouns, grevis, cusschewis, & voideris. Ibid. 64 On his armys, rynged nat to wyde, Þer wer woiders frettid in þe maille. c1425J. Hill in Illustr. Anc. State & Chivalry (Roxb.) 5 First behoveth sabatouns, greevis, and cloos qwysseux with voydours of plate or of mayle, and a cloos breche of mayle. [1880Encycl. Brit. XI. 697/1 The voider in defensive armour was a gusset-piece either of plate or of mail, used to cover a void or unprotected space at the elbow or knee joints.]
3. A receptacle into which something is voided or emptied:
a. A tray, basket, or other vessel in which dirty dishes or utensils, fragments of broken food, etc., are placed in clearing the table or during a meal. Also ellipt., the carrying round or use of this (quot. 1659). Obs. exc. dial.
1466in Leland Collect. (1715) VI. 11 In the meane tyme the Sewer geveth a voyder to the Carver, and he doth voyde into it the Trenchers that lyeth under the knyves poynt,..and so cleanseth the table cleane. c1475For to serve a Lord in Babees Bk. (1868) 371 The kerver muste..have a voyder to geder in all the broke brede, trenchours, cromys lying upon the tabill. 1513Douglas æneid i. xi. 58 Eftir the first paws, and that cours neir gane, And voduris and fat trunscheouris away tane, The goblettis greit with mychty wynis in hy Thai fillit. 1594in Archaeol. (1884) XLVIII. 131 Item ij pewter voyders, xs. 1607Heywood Wom. killed w. Kindn. (1617) D 3 b, Enter 3 or 4 seruingmen, one with a Voyder and a woodden Knife to take away. 1620Sir R. Boyle in Lismore Papers (1886) I. 265, I sent my old silver voyder..to be exchandged for a new. 1659Evelyn Char. Eng. 64 Their ceremony at the Table, and to see the formality of the Voider, which our Withdrawing roomes in France are made to prevent. 1703R. Neve City & C. Purchaser 90 The Butler..disposes..his Napkin-press.., Spoons, Knives, Forks, Voider, or Basket, and all other Necessaries appertaining to his Office. 1739‘R. Bull’ tr. Dedekindus' Grobianus 114 See now, the Stripling, with his Voider, waits To bear away the greasy Load of Plates. 1755Gentl. Mag. XXV. 190 Ten waiters..Produce vast voiders, and a load of bread. 1823E. Moor Suffolk Wds., Voider, a pail-like article, of wood or wicker, into which bones, etc. are shelved or thrown, during a meal. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss., Voider, a butler's Tray.
attrib.1610Althorp MS. in Simpkinson Washingtons (1860) App. p. vii, Item voyder knives, whereof one is steele with a case. 1688Holme Armoury iii. xiv. (Roxb.) 16/2 He beareth sable a Voyder Baskett, or a night Baskett Or.
b. fig. or in fig. context.
Very common in the first half of the 17th c.
1609Dekker Gull's Horn-bk. i. 7 Piers ploughman layd the cloth, and Simplicity brought in the voyder. 1615T. Adams Leaven 112 You may as well..set him the voyder of abstinence instead of his table of surfeits. 1655W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. verse 13. vii. (1669) 139/1 Death comes with a Voider to carry away all thy carnal enjoyments.
†c. fig. A receptacle for refuse or rubbish. Obs.
1613Purchas Pilgrimage viii. v. 631 Haply some conceiued indignitie..that our Britannia should make her Virginian lap to bee the voider, for her lewder and more disordered Inhabitants. 1615S. Ward Coal from Altar 79 How are his Sabaoths made the voider and dung-hill for all refuse businesse.
†d. A tray, basket, or large plate, esp. one of ornamental pattern or design, for holding, carrying, or handing round sweetmeats. Also transf. a quantity or amount carried in this. Obs.
1676Lady A. Fanshawe Mem. (1829) 164 Several times we saw the Feasts of Bulls [at Madrid] and at them we had great voiders of dried sweetmeats brought us upon the King's account. 1677Lond. Gaz. No. 1249/1 And many Voiders of Sweetmeats were thrown among the People. 1686tr. Chardin's Trav. Persia 259 Every one of the Guests were serv'd..with a Voider of Sweet-Meats Dry and Wet,.. the Voiders themselves being of Wood Painted and Gilt. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Voider,..Among Confectioners, a wooden painted Vessel to hold Services of Sweet-meats.
†e. Brick-making. (See quot.) Obs.—1
1683J. Houghton Collect. Lett. Improv. Husb. II. vi. 188 Then we have a Mould or Frame made of Beech, because the Earth will slip easiest from it. This Mould, Frame, or Voyder is made of the thickness of the Brick abovesaid, only half inch deeper.
f. dial. A large basket or receptacle of wickerwork for holding soiled clothes, etc.; a clothesbasket; a wicker basket of any kind.
1707in Boyle Ch. of St. Nicholas, Newcastle 94 Paid for a voider for ye sirplices. 1788W. H. Marshall Yorksh. II. 362 Voider, a kind of open-work basket. 1879Saunterer's Satchel 25 (E.D.D.), I catched a lad running off wi' ahr voider. 1880West Cornwall Gloss. 62 Voyder, a clothes basket; a large basket for holding unmended linen sold by gipsy women.
†4. Sc.
a. An empty barrel, cask, or the like.
1482in Charters (etc.) Edinb. (1871) 168 All the tym vydouris of gudis ventit or temyt in the..toun of Leith. 1603Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 516/1 All the twme voydouris of guidis [etc.].
†b. Packing or wrappers removed from bales or bundles of goods. Obs.
1511Burgh Rec. Edin. (1869) I. 134 It is ordanit be the provest baillies and counsale anent the voydour callit cord and canves..of pakkis of lint [etc.]. Ibid., To deliuer the cords and canves thairof as voidouris.
5. Her. As the name of an ordinary (see quots.).
1562Legh Armory (1597) 70 b, He beareth Tenné, two voyders, Or. This is the rewarde of a Gentlewoman for seruice by her done to the prince or princes, but then the voiders shoulde be of one of the nine furs or doublings. 1610J. Guillim Heraldry ii. vi. (1611) 64 Last of all in our ordinaries, cometh the voider, consisting of one arch line moderately bowing from the corner of the chiefe by degrees towards the nombrile of the escocheon and from thence in like sort declining untill it come unto the sinister base. 1780Edmondson Her. II, Voider, is an ordinary much resembling the flanch, but is not quite so circular towards the centre of the field. 1882Cussans Her. 71 Flasques and Voiders are Flanches which encroach less on the Shield.
6. a. One who or that which voids, clears away, or empties; an emptier. rare.
1589? Lyly Pappe w. Hatchet (1844) 25 We are..in all cases alike, till we haue brought Martin to the ablatiue case, that is, to be taken away with a Bulls Voyder. 1598Florio, Vuotatore, an emptier, a voider. 1607Markham Cavel. iii. (1617) 39 Purgations which are the emptiers and voiders of all superfluous humours.
b. Med. One who passes urine.
1969Radiology XCII. 1178/1 Two of the patients were troubled by fecal retention and soiling and were thus infrequent defecators as well as infrequent voiders. 1974Amer. Jrnl. Roentgenol. CXX. 407/1 We can enlarge the clinical application of these observations to patients with so-called megacystis syndrome..and the ‘infrequent voider’ syndrome.
†7. A servant or attendant who clears the table after a meal. Freq. fig. or in fig. context. Obs.
Often indistinguishable from senses 3 a and b.
1609Dekker Lanth. & Candle Lt. Wks. (Grosart) III. 221 The voider hauing cleered the table, Cardes and Dice..are serued up. 1644Cleveland Char. London Diurnall 6 O brave Oliver! Times voyder, Sub-sizer to the Wormes. 1651― Poems 8 Thou that art able To be a Voider to King Arthurs Table.
†8. pl. Castings, ejections (of worms). Obs.—1
a1683Oldham Wks. (1686) 83 Hither are loads from emptied Channels brought, And Voiders of the Worms from Sextons bought. |