| 释义 |
inland, n., a., and adv.|ˈɪnlənd, ˈɪnlænd|
[f. in adv. 12 d + land n.1]
A. n.
1. The inner part of an estate, feudal manor, or farm.
†a. In OE. and feudal tenure, the land around the mansion occupied by the owner or cultivated for his use, not held by any tenant (cf. demesne 3).
b. Sc. Land cultivated as infield: = infield land; see infield.
904in Earle Land Charters (1888) 161 All ðæt inn lond beliᵹeð an dic utane. c1000Laws of Edgar ii. c. 1 æᵹðer ᵹe of þeᵹenes in-lande ᵹe of ᵹeneat-lande. 1235–52Rentalia Glaston. (Som. Rec. Soc.) 134 Idem Persona habet de la Inland iiijor acras terre. 1437in Kennett Par. Antiq. (1818) II. 324 [Thomas Billyngdon quitted..all right to any common in the pasture or] ‘inlandys’ [of the said Edmund]. 1473Acta Audit. (1839) 24 He sall haue..vj acris of corne land of Inland, and ij acris of medow at þe side. 1818Hallam Mid. Ages (1872) II. 373 note, The house and inland; all, in short, that is surrounded and bounded by a hedge or fence.
2. sing. and pl. The interior part of a country, the parts remote from the sea or the borders. † Formerly, also, the inlying districts near the capital and centres of population, as opposed to the remote or outlying wild parts; in Scotch use, also, the mainland as distinct from the outlying isles; = in-country.
1573Satir. Poems Reform. xlii. 158 To God thay ar als deir As ony in the inland heir. Ibid. 173 That as weill thay of Mynnie Gof..As..the burghis and Inlandis men. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, i. ii. 142 They of those Marches..Shall be a Wall sufficient to defend Our in-land from the pilfering Borderers. 1605Verstegan Dec. Intell. ii. (1628) 39 marg., Sea costs more of old time inhabited then the inlands. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. iv. §25 Those Flemmings..were now by the King..remoued into Wales..to disburden his In-land of such guests. 1651Wittie tr. Primrose's Pop. Err. iv. xxxviii. 362 Others that have travailed through the inland of India, doe make no mention of any such creature. 1667Milton P.L. x. 423 The rest were all Farr to the in land retir'd, about the walls Of Pandæmonium. 1749F. Smith Voy. Disc. II. 236 The Inland appears to consist of a brown barren Rock. 1842Lytton Zanoni iv. viii, The rich inlands of the island. 1913L. V. Kelly Range Men 71 Canny men and good traders, built posts in the great inland. 1934A. Russell Tramp-Royal in Wild Austral. iii. 29 The camel..will long continue to be in many parts, the great utility animal of the Inland. 1941I. L. Idriess Great Boomerang xxxi. 235 New cities, new industries, and a great, far-spread population in our inland, where population is needed so urgently. 1969‘A. Garve’ Boomerang ii. 39 Our inland is still very empty country, and a lot of it isn't easily accessible. 1973Nation Rev. (Melbourne) 31 Aug. (Suppl.) 1/1 He enjoys studying the unique wildlife of the inland, and..the people who live and work there.
B. adj. (attrib. use of the n.: hence formerly sometimes hyphened to the following word).
1. a. Of or pertaining to the interior part of a country or region; remote from the sea or the border.
inland ice (sheet), the ice which forms a permanent cover or ice-cap over most of Greenland; the region over which this ice extends. Hence, more widely, any mass of ice of comparable extent and thickness underlain by rock; inland sea, (a) a large body of salt water, entirely or nearly severed from the ocean: applied also to large lakes; (b) (see quot. 1891).
1557in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) III. lix. 447 Whereunto the said inland-men may be induced, seeing the other go forth to adventure their lives for their defence. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. vi. 10 This wide Inland sea, that hight..the Idle lake. 1601Holland Pliny I. 50 The Firth of Gades..whereas the Atlanticke Ocean breaking in, is spred into the Inland and Mediterranean seas. 1652–62Heylin Cosmogr. iv. (1682) 54 All the In-land Towns in this large Estate. 1670Eachard Cont. Clergy 47 Although such a sermon may possibly do some good in a coast-town, yet..in an inland-parish, it will do no more than Syriack or Arabick. 1673Temple Obs. United Prov. iv. 134 The Mariners or Schippers, who supply their Ships and Inland-Boats. 1792Gouv. Morris in Sparks Life & Writ. (1832) III. 37 Companies for the improvement of our inland navigation. [1853H. Rink in Jrnl. R. Geogr. Soc. XXIII. 149 Let us call the group of peninsulas and islands..the out⁓skirts of the land [sc. Greenland], and the compact continent to the E. the inland. ] Ibid. 151 The exclusive origin of the icebergs from the inland ice, through the icy friths, has been mentioned. 1871A. B. Mitford Tales Old Japan I. 173 Shikoku, one of the southern islands separated from the chief island of Japan by the beautiful ‘Inland Sea’. 1876W. E. Griffis Mikado's Empire i. v. 55 The ‘Inland Sea’ (Séto Uchi) is a name which has been given by foreigners, and adopted by the Japanese, who until modern times had no special name for it as a whole. 1879McCarthy Own Times II. xxv. 221 A few generations ago Russia was literally an inland state. 1880Encycl. Brit. XI. 166/2 The Danes divide Greenland into two physical divisions—the ‘outskirts’ and the ‘inland ice’. The first comprises the coast-lying land, the latter the interior. 1891Chamberlain & Mason Handbk. Travellers Japan (ed. 3) 357/2 The Inland Sea is the name given to the water space lying between the Main Island on the North and the islands of Shikoku and Kyūshū on the South. 1895Jrnl. Geol. III. 244 During the climax of the glacial period, when the Scandinavian ‘inland-ice’ invaded the low grounds of middle Europe, those low grounds supported an Arctic-alpine flora. 1898Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. LIV. 200 In addition to these ‘inland ice-sheets’ there are in Spitsbergen glaciers of the ordinary Alpine type. 1953G. Williamson Changing Greenland xiv. 167 Six-sevenths of Greenland's 840,000 square miles is locked in the implacable embrace of the Inland Ice. Ibid. xx. 254 Before leaving Disko Bay, tourists may..make an excursion to the fringe of the Inland Ice. 1958G. B. Sansom Hist. Japan to 1334 xiv. 300 Before him lay the Inland Sea route to the Straits of Shimonoseki. 1966T. Armstrong et al. Illustr. Gloss. Snow & Ice 27 Inland ice sheet, an ice sheet of considerable thickness and more than about 50,000 square km in area, resting on rock. 1969M. Smeeton Misty Islands ii. 19 We entered the Inland Sea through the Hayasui Seto. 1973Nature 5 Oct. 251/2 Although the strong echo from the upper surface of the ice [in Antarctica] shows little variation in strength, the normal bottom echo from inland ice..shows strong fading along the flight line.
†b. Having the refinement characteristic of the inlying districts of a country. Obs.
1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iii. ii. 363 An olde religious Vnckle of mine..who was in his youth an inland man, one that knew Courtship too well.
2. Carried on or operating within the limits of a country. Opposed to foreign, as in inland trade, inland bill of exchange.
inland duty, a duty on inland trade or inland transactions, as the excise and stamp duties. inland revenue, the part of the national revenue consisting of taxes and inland duties.
1546St. Papers Hen. VIII, XI. 75 They cannot spare the corne of the innelonde growthe to be caryed out, for feare of a famyne in thiese partyes. 1682J. Scarlett Exchanges 15 The Bill must be paid in the same Sort & Species of Monyes, that the Remitter paid to the Drawer for the Value..these are usually Inland Bills. a1745Swift (J.), A pamphlet printed in England for a general excise or inland duty. 1745De Foe's Eng. Tradesman (1841) I. Introd. 3 Our complete Tradesman ought to understand all the inland trade of England. 1849Freese Comm. Class-bk. 23 Bills of exchange are either Inland bills, or Foreign bills. Inland bills of exchange, are those which are drawn from one place in a country on another place in the same country, in both of which the same kinds of monies are current..or, drawn by one person on another person in the same place. 1849Act 12 & 13 Vict. c. 1 §1 From and after the passing of this Act the several Persons..now being Commissioners of Excise and Commissioners of Stamps and Taxes respectively shall..become and be One Consolidated Board of Commissioners, and be called ‘The Commissioners of Inland Revenue’. 1895Whitaker's Almanack 164 Inland Revenue Offices, Somerset House. Ibid. 165 The Government Laboratory (Inland Revenue Branch). Mod. An illicit distillery discovered by the inland revenue officers.
C. adv. In or towards the interior or heart of a country, as opposed (a) to the coast or border, (b) to wild outlying districts.
1600Shakes. A.Y.L. ii. vii. 96 Yet am I in-land bred, And know some nourture. 1784Cook 3rd Voy. iii. xiii. II. 260 The snow on the rising grounds was thinner spread; and farther inland, there was no appearance of any. 1803–6Wordsw. Intimations ix, In a season of calm weather, Though inland far we be, Our Souls have sight of that immortal sea. 1855Kingsley Heroes i. iv. (1868) 48 Perseus feared to go inland, but flew along the shore above the sea. |