| 释义 |
▪ I. amend, v.|əˈmɛnd|
Also 3–4 amendie, -y, 3–6 amende.
[a. OFr. amende-r:—L. ēmendā-re to free from fault, correct, improve, f. ē = ex out + mend-um, mend-a fault. The change from e- to a- took place very early, being found in Pr. and It. as well as OFr. Already in 14th c. aphetized to mend.]
1. To free (a person) from faults, correct, reform, turn from wrong, convert.
†a. trans. Obs.
c1220Prov. Alfred in Rel. Ant. I. 188 Þuru þis lore & genteleri, he amendit huge companie. 1297R. Glouc. 73 Þo pope..twei holy men hym sende..hys soule for to amende. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. iii. 185 A sermun he made For to a-Mende meires. 1480Caxton Chron. Engl. iii. (1520) 22/2 Lud governed well the lande..and amended yll folk. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. iii. 76 God amend vs, God amend, we are much out o' th' way. 1704–5Penn in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. IX. 375 Till those unworthy people..are amended.
†b. refl. Obs.
1297R. Glouc. 350 Þat hii..Repenty mowe, & þer of hem amendy. c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 1569 God..at þe last on þam will sende Veng[e]aunce, bot if þai þam here amende. c1360E.E.P. (1862) 131 Ȝif þou art in synne i-bounde, Amende þe. 1481Caxton Myrr. iii. x. 154 Yet for al that they amende them not. 1535Coverdale Matt. iii. 1 Amende youre selues the kyngdome of heuen is at honde.
c. intr. To reform oneself, abandon one's faults or evil ways.
c1300Lay-Folks Mass-Bk. B. (1375) 238, I trow..of my synnes, forgyfnes If I wil mende. c1400Apol. for Loll. 15 Wan þe synnar wil not dewli obey ne a mend. 1535Coverdale Jon. iii. Argt., They amende, and God is mercifull to them. 1655H. Vaughan Silex Scint. i. (1858) 83 If here One Sinner doth amend Strait there is Joy. 1727De Foe Apparitions x. 192 It gives advice to amend and reform. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. II. iii. iv. 172 The bad Editors promise to amend, but do not.
2. trans. To free (a thing) from faults, correct (what is faulty), rectify. arch.
c12807 Sins in E.E.P. (1862) 18 Ȝoure sinful lif to amendie to-dai ic wol ȝow teche. 1393Gower Conf. III. 226 The wrongfull lawes ben amended. Ibid. 241 Her olde sinnes to amende. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 128, I may wele correcte and amende my thoughtis. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. i. 180 You must needes learne, Lord, to amend this fault. 1611Bible Jer. vii. 3 Amend your wayes, and your doings. 1757Burke Abridgm. Eng. Hist. Wks. X. 525 Made him swear to amend his civil government. 1879Froude Cæsar iii. 29 A few things had gone wrong, but these had been amended.
b. esp. Of errors in the text of a book or document: To emendate.
1483Caxton Cato 3 [I] beseche alle suche that fynde faute or errour that..they correcte and amende hit. 1611Bible Pref. 9 To goe ouer that which hee had done, and to amend it where he saw cause. 1747Warburton Pref. Shaks. (T.) Amending the corrupted text. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v. Amendment, In cases of wrong returns..that the returns be amended by the returning officer.
3. Law. To correct (an error committed in legal process), or rectify (a legal document). Also absol.
1429Act 8 Hen. VI, xv. (Pulton 1632) The Iustices may in certaine cases amend defaults in Records. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. 409 They might..have excused themselves from amending in criminal, and especially in capital, cases. 1809Tomlins Law Dict. I. G ij a/2 But a mandamus may not be amended after return.
4. To make professed improvements in (a measure before Parliament); formally, to alter in detail, though practically it may be to alter its principle, so as to thwart it. (See amendment 1 d.)
1777Burke Aff. Amer. Wks. III. 136 During its progress through the house of commons, it has been amended. 1879McCarthy Own Time II. xxiii. 176 There was no reason why the Government should not have amended their bill.
5. To repair or make good (what is broken or damaged); to restore. arch. Commonly replaced by the aphet. form mend.
c1230Ancr. R. 420 Seouweð, and amendeð chirche cloðes. c1305E.E.P. (1862) 44 Þe toun also of wynchestre? he amendede ynouȝ. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. iv. 65 Wyndowes..ich wolle a-menden & glase. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 338/1 Amendynge & cloutynge poure mennes shoes. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. cxxviii, How an hye way sholde be amended. c1575Still Gamm. Gurton's Needle i. ii. 14 Dame Gurton these breeches amended. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vii. xliv. (1632) 418 They fell to amending their shippes. 1721Perry Daggenh. Breach 130 Repair and amend all the said Walls. 1875H. E. Manning Mission H. Ghost xii. 324 Until the machine is either amended or destroyed.
†b. fig. Obs. rare.
c1399Pol. Poems II. 10 So stant the werre, and pes is noght amendid.
†6. trans. To heal or recover (the sick); to cure (a disease). Obs.
c1305St. Lucy 24 in E.E.P. (1862) 102 To þe tumbe of seint Agace: hire moder lyf to amende. c1386Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 460 If þat I verraily the cause knewe Of youre disese..I wolde amenden it. 1388Wyclif John iv. 52 He axide of hem the our in which he was amendid. 1483Caxton G. de la Tour F ij b, Whan she was amended of her legges. 1548Coverdale Erasm. Paraphr. Phil. Argt., Epaphroditus was amended of his extreme daungerous sickenesse. 1653Milton Ps. vi. 4 Pity me, Lord..heal and amend me. 1804Abernethy Surg. Observ. 154 Although the sores were not amended.
†b. intr. (through refl.) To recover from illness. Obs.: see mend.
1297R. Glouc. 8 Ac men of France in þilke vuel me syþ sone a mende. 1393Gower Conf. III. 316 She began somdele amende. 1610Shakes. Temp. v. i. 115 Th' affliction of my minde amends. 1611Bible John iv. 52 The houre when he began to amend.
7. To bring into a better state, better, improve (anything implicitly imperfect).
a. trans.
1384Chaucer Anel. & Arc. 84 In her ne myght no thing be amendid. 1496Dives & Paup. (W. de Worde) vii. x. 289/2 Yf the seller be moche harmed by the sellynge, & the byer moche amended by the byenge. c1500Merch. & Son in Halliwell Nugæ Poet. 23 Some fayre syens to amende wyth thy degree. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, i. ii. 142 To punish you by the heeles, would amend the attention of your eares. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 554 Sunday-schools..have a tendency to amend the morals and conduct of the rising generation. 1832H. Martineau Ella of Gar. i. 11 Presently, however, his idea of her was amended.
†b. refl. Obs. rare.
1393Gower Conf. I. 16 Eche of hem him self amendeth Of worldes good.
c. intr. (Rare exc. as in 1 c.)
c1530Ld. Berners Arthur Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 2 Thus amended this chylde frome daye to daye & grew so goodly. 1616Surflet & Markh. Countr. Farme 378 Raisins or dried Grapes being wrapped in Figge leaues..amend and become better both in tast and smell.
†d. absol. To improve on. Obs. rare.
c1314Guy Warw. 4 The kirtel bicom him swithe wel, To amenden theron was neuer a del.
†8. trans. To better: passing from the idea of ‘improve’ to that of ‘improve upon,’ surpass. Obs.
c1386Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 89 With so heigh reuerence and obeisaunce..That Gawayn with his old curteisye..Ne koude hym nat amende. 1393Gower Conf. III. 363 Of women I sigh foure there, Whose name I herde most commended. By hem the court stode all amended. c1500Merch. & Son in Halliw. Nug. P. 22 He cowde hys gramer wonder wele, hys felows cowde hym not amende.
†9. To make amends, or give satisfaction for an offence.
a. trans. Obs. but see mend.
1297R. Glouc. 391 He wolde to Engelond..amende þat he adde mys do. c1386Chaucer Wife's T. 241 What is my gult?..tel me it, And it schal be amendid. c1400Destr. Troy xxviii. 11217 He is happy, þat a harme hastely amendes. 1513Douglas æneis x. xiv. 61 Be all maner of torment and of pyne, For till amend my offensis. 1622Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 119 If a Factor by errour of account doe wrong vnto a Merchant, hee is to amend and to make good the same. 1635Swan Spec. Mundi (1670) 368 In little medling is much rest; and ‘nothing said is soonest amended.’
†b. absol. To make amends. Obs. rare.
c1314Guy Warw. 203 Gif Ich him haue ought misdo, Amenden Ichil wele therto.
†c. trans. To make amends to a person of the wrong. Obs. rare.
c1380Sir Ferumb. 1917 Amendie hem of þy wronge? of al þyng þou hym hast offent.
▪ II. † aˈmend, ppl. a. Obs.
[contr. of amended, like send for sended.]
Amended.
1482Monk of Evesham (1869) 68 Mekyll thyng was correcte and amende more than yt was wonte to be before. c1560Proud Wife in Laneham's Let. Pref. 115 Therfore, good lorde, let this be a-mende.
▪ III. amend, n.
see amends. |