| 释义 |
vizier Now Hist.|vɪˈzɪə(r), ˈvɪzjə(r), ˈvɪzɪə(r)|
Forms: α. 6 (pl.) vesiri, 7 vesir, 7–9 vezir; 6–8 visir (8 wizir), 6–9 vizir; 9 vizeer, vuzeer. β. 6 vizeare, 7 -ear, viseire, -ere, visciere, vizeere, 7–9 visier (7 visiar), 7– vizier. γ. 7 viser, vizer, visur.
[ad. Turk. vezīr, a. Arabic wazīr, wezīr, orig. a porter, hence one who bears the burden of government, a minister or lieutenant of a king, f. wazara to carry, carry on. Cf. F. visir, vizir, Sp. visir, Pg. visir, vizir, It. visire. See also alguazil.]
1. In the Turkish empire, Persia, or other Muslim country: A high state official or minister, freq. one invested with vice-regal authority; a governor or viceroy of a province; subsequently esp. the chief minister of the sovereign (see 2).
α1562J. Shute tr. Cambini's Turk. Wars ii. 13 b, The Turcke called vnto him all his consellours called in the Turckishe tonge Vesiri, & all his Bassas. 1614Selden Titles Honor 377 The Vezirs are Counsellors of State. 1662J. Davies tr. Mandelslo's Trav. 12 The Governour of the City hath the quality of Sulthan, and hath under him, not a Calenter, but a Visir or Secretary. 1662― tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 371 The conversation he had with a Persian Visir. 1728Morgan Algiers I. vi. 170 Abou Yezid, his ambitious and too powerful Wizir, or Prime Minister, revolted. 1753Hanway Trav. iii. xxxii. (1762) I. 145 He immediately ordered his vizir to take me up behind him. 1763Scrafton Indostan (1770) 47 The march of Monsur Ally Caun, Visir of the empire, into the province of Bahar. 1815Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) II. 251 This rule was departed from by Shauh Zemaun, who made a Suddozye vizeer. 1841― Hist. Ind. II. 9 His vizir..had been long in one of the highest employments under the calif. 1847Gentl. Mag. March 299/2 The Vuzeer Lall Singh..has been deposed... Unable to select a Vuzeer from among their own number [etc.]. 1909Athenæum 4 Sept. 262/3 It was..the rivalry of jealous vezirs that invited the interference of Nur-ad-din.
β, γ1599,1601[see b. below]. 1613Sir A. Sherley Trav. Persia 47 The place of the Viseire comprehending in it, the office of Chancellor, and high Treasurer. c1618Moryson Itin. iv. (1903) 21 The Visers or Viceroyes residing in Constantinople being 4. of old, were 7 at this tyme. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 28 Nassuf Bashaw, the Visier and Generall to Sultan Schmat. 1696tr. Du Mont's Voy. Levant xiv. 177 The seven Visiers of the Bench brought up the Rear of this Magnificent Troop. 1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4363/1 The Janisaries have depos'd the Grand Seignior, and set his Nephew upon the Throne, who..is to act under the Direction of Four Visiers during his Minority. 1722Ibid. No. 6023/1 The Venetian Bailo has not yet been with the Vizier. 1786Burke Art. agst. W. Hastings Wks. XI. 371 A certain prince called Sujah ul Dowla, Nabob of Oude, and Vizier of the empire. 1819T. Hope Anastasius I. Notes 331 All Pashas, before whom are carried the three horse-tails, have the title of Visier. 1847Mrs. A. Kerr tr. Ranke's Hist. Servia 369 In a great council of Viziers and Ulemas assembled at the house of Scheik-ul-Islam. 1888Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 268/1 The office of vizier, which spread from the Arabs to the Persians, Turks, Mongols, and other Oriental peoples, arose under the first Abbasid caliphs.
transf.1848Thackeray Van. Fair li, His Lordship's vizier and chief confidential servant..Mr. Wenham.
†b. With the title bashaw added or prefixed. (See quot. 1819 in β above). Obs.
1599Dallam in Early Voy. Levant (Hakl. Soc.) 60 Our imbassader Delivered a presente to the Vizeare Basha at his house. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 57 When the counsell hath sitten seauen or eight houres, the Bassa visur maketh true relation to the Prince, of all that hath bene handled. 1648W. L. Newes fr. Turkie 25 A translate of the Imperiall Commandement, directed to the Vizeere-Bassa of Egypt.
c. transf. One holding a position analogous to that of a Muslim vizier; a vicegerent, viceroy, or chief minister.
1709Swift Adv. Relig. Wks. 1755 II. i. 113 The arbitrary will of an unlimited monarch, or his vizier. 1820Shelley Œd. Tyr. ii. ii. 8 Emperors, kings, and priests and lords, Who rule by viziers, sceptres, bank-notes, words. 1869Rawlinson Anc. Hist. 211 Perdiccas' own office [in Macedonia] was that of vizier or prime minister.
2. grand vizier (also formerly chief vizier, great vizier, head vizier, or prime vizier) vizier, the chief minister or administrator of a Muslim ruler, esp. of the Sultan of Turkey.
(a)1597Wrag in Hakluyt Voy. (1599) II. i. 304 At the departure of Sinan Bassa the chiefe Vizir..there was another Bassa appointed in his place. Ibid. 305 This reconciliation with the great Vizir thus made [etc.]. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 44 Aladin..dying, Sahib the head Vezir vsurped the soueraigntie. 1686tr. Chardin's Trav. Persia 16 The High Dignity of Prime Vizier. 1825Arab. Nts. II. 240 The King was at that time in discourse with his prime vizier.
(b)1642Howell For. Trav. (Arb.) 85 Neither the Gran Visiar, or the Emperour Himselfe will question his [i.e. the Mufti's] sentence. c1645― Lett. (1650) I. 70 By the advice of his grand Visier..he intended to erect a new Soldiery in Asia about Damasco. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 63 He hath his chief Minister, who is the Grand Visier; for he hath commonly seven Visiers, whereof the first hath all the Authority and does all. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) IV. 311 When the grand vizir takes the field, the mufti generally makes him such a valuable present. 1802James Milit. Dict. s.v., The Grand Vizir possesses great powers, especially with regard to military affairs. 1848W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y. II. 205 To save Syria, perhaps Constantinople, Mahmoud turns to his grand vizier, Reschid Mehemet. 1881Trotter Visit Crt. Marocco xiii. 191 The Grand Vizier,..together with his colleagues, looked as black as thunder. 1897Whitaker's Alm. 561/1 Morocco, Empire of. Sultan.., Grand Vizier..Minister of For. Affairs.
b. transf.
1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xi. III. 13 They would rather..be subject to an usurper like Oliver,..than to a legitimate King who referred them to a Grand Vizier.
3. attrib. and Comb., as vizier-craft, vizier-slave.
1833Edin. Rev. LVII. 141 Into whatever untried vanities of being Faust and his Vizier-slave may pass. 1880Meredith Tragic Com. vii, He is for kingcraft to match his viziercraft. |