| 释义 |
‖ viva voce, advb. phr., a., and n.|ˈvaɪvə ˈvəʊsiː, ˈvəʊtʃiː|
Also vivâ voce.
[med.L., lit. ‘by or with the living voice’, f. L. vīvā, abl. sing. fem. of vīvus living, and vōce, abl. sing. of vox voice.
The expression viva vox is employed by classical Latin authors, but the use of the ablative phrase appears to be of later date. Cf. OF. par vives voix (1258 in Du Cange), F. de vive voix.]
A. adv. By word of mouth; in speech; orally. (Freq. in parenthetic use.)
a. As distinct from writing. Also in viva voce or with viva voce.
(a)1581W. Charke in Conf. iv. (1584) B b ij, The Apostles taught viua voce, by liuely voyce. 1594in Cath. Rec. Soc. Publ. V. 243 Confessyd by Thomas Walpoole and by John Ingram (viua voce) That [etc.]. 1611Middleton & Dekker Roaring Girl D.'s Wks. 1873 III. 138 Yes, sir, she's there, viua voce, to deliuer her auricular confession. 1697Collier Ess. Mor. Subj. ii. (1703) 66 Instruction from books, strikes the imagination more faintly than that which is delivered viva voce. 1748J. Lind Lett. Navy ii. (1757) 94 The manner of giving in the evidence in writing privately, and not viva voce in court,..gives room for great partiality. 1797Mrs. Berkeley Poems G. M. Berkeley Pref. p. ccccxxxviii, The good lady has frequently, vivâ voce, said to the Editor, ‘Ah!’ [etc.]. 1802M. Cutler in Life, etc. (1888) II. 102 But I must leave the accounts until I can give it to you viva voce. 1848G. Struthers Orig. Secession Ch. 63 They were now required to answer separately and viva voce to the question. 1861Two Cosmos I. 297 Let's hear ye viva voce now, man!
(b)1621R. Cocks Diary (Hakl. Soc.) II. 174 Whoe all 4 with viva voce accused the said Roan to doe the acte in their sight. 1760Foote Minor i. Wks. 1799 I. 234, I thought it was proper for you to examine him in viva voce.
b. As distinct from silent reading or repetition: = aloud adv. ? Obs.
1665R. Johnson Scholars Guide 7 Read the best Authors by periods, vivâ voce, thereby their stile will be secretly instilled into your minds. 1711Shaftesbury Charac. I. 159 We might peradventure be less noisy and more profitable in Company, if at convenient times we discharg'd some of our articulate Sound, and spoke to ourselves vivâ voce when alone. 1834in J. A. Henderson Ann. Lower Deeside (1892) 221 On the petition being read viva voce the Petitioner was desired, and required, to retire.
B. adj. Conveyed or expressed in speech instead of writing; given or stated by word of mouth; spoken; oral.
a1718Prior ‘Lie, Philo’ 10 Pursue me with Satyr:..But from all vivâ voce Reflection forbear. 1816Singer Hist. Cards 165 This viva-voce testimony of a cotemporary witness places the matter beyond doubt. 1852Latham Ethnol. Brit. Isl. vii. 119 For Lincolnshire he had viva voce information from Cynebert. 1901N. & Q. 9th Ser. VIII. 54 When vivâ voce news and gossip were eagerly sought from fresh arrivals from the country.
b. Of an examination, etc.: Carried on or conducted by speech.
In University use applied to a supplementary oral examination following upon one or other of the ordinary written examinations.
1815Scott Guy M. xxxv, But there are cases in which a viva voce conference [etc.]. 1840Penny Cycl. XVIII. 135/1 The vivâ voce part of each [examination] is carried on in Latin. 1845[Pycroft] Collegian's Guide 265 In that case the vivâ voce examination and a second paper of questions may set all right.
C. n. A viva voce examination. Freq. abbrev. viva n.2
1842Abp. Temple in Mem. (1906) II. 433 When the day for Vivâ Voce came I was in no small fright. 1872H. Kingsley Hornby Mills, etc. II. 52 His papers were simply admirable, and his ‘viva voce’ was as good as he had ever heard. 1888Temple Bar Jan. 29 He was in for the terrible ordeal of a vivâ-voce before the Bishop. |