| 释义 |
vivarium|vaɪˈvɛərɪəm, vɪ-|
Pl. vivaria, also -iums.
[L. vīvārium enclosure for live game, warren, fish-pond, etc., neut. sing. of vīvārius, f. vīvus alive, living.]
1. A place where living animals, esp. fish, are maintained or preserved for food; a fish-pond or fish-pool; = vivary 2. Also fig.
1600Holland Livy 1389 Whereupon it commeth, that those places or parkes which are set out and appointed for feeding of Deere, we use to call Vivaria. 1653Jer. Taylor Serm. for Year i. xxvi. 328 The face of the Sea is our Traffique, and the bowels of the Sea is our Vivarium, a place for fish to feed us. 1845Gosse Ocean ii. (1849) 80 In some of the Hebrides, there are large pools for the preservation of sea-fishes, hollowed out of the solid rock... Great numbers of cod-fishes are kept in these vivaria. 1888D. Beveridge Between Ochils & Forth v. 80 The dry hollow..in former days served the monks as a vivarium, or fish-pool.
2. a. A place or enclosure, a piece of ground or stretch of water, specially adapted or prepared for the keeping of living animals under their normal conditions, either as objects of interest or for the purpose of scientific study; freq. in later use, an aquarium; = vivary 1.
1684tr. Combes' Versailles, &c. 87 In the Vivarium are seen many kinds of Animals which have been caused to be brought from Forein Countries. a1700Evelyn Diary 17 Nov. 1644, There is also adjoining to it a vivarium for estriges, peacocks, swanns, cranes, &c. 1853Athenæum 28 May, The new Fish house..has received the somewhat curious title of the ‘Marine Vivarium’. 1853Guide Zool. Gard., Aquatic Vivarium. 1880A. R. Wallace Isl. Life xiv. 297 Forming a kind of natural museum or vivarium in which ancient types..had been saved from..destruction. 1900L. Huxley Life Huxley I. xii. 155 The bay was calm and suitable both for the dredge and for keeping up a vivarium.
b. A glass bowl, case, etc., in which fish or other aquatic animals are kept, esp. for purposes of scientific study; = vivary 1 b. Now usu. = terrarium.
1853Geo. Eliot Let. 13 June (1954) II. 103, I was at the Zoological gardens..and saw..the marine queerities in the Vivarium. 1855Zoologist XIII. 4849 Those who would view vivariums merely as interesting subjects for their drawing-room windows. 1856Geo. Eliot in Cross Life (1885) I. 396 We set out for Ilfracombe with our hamper of glass jars, which we meant for our sea-side vivarium. 1858H. N. Humphreys Butterfly Vivarium i. 2, I am about to describe a novel kind of Vivarium, by means of which another and very distinct class of animal life—that of the ‘world of insects’—may be made to exhibit its wonders. 1890Duke of Argyll in Mem. xlv. (1906) II. 464 Your old vivarium is still standing in its old place. 1914W. P. Westell Boys' Bk. Pets xvi. 217 Another type of vivarium may be constructed on similar lines to the rectangular aquarium, only making it a few inches deeper. 1978Nature 19 Oct. 646/2 Lizards were housed in vivaria in a constant temperature room. |