| 释义 |
‖ régime, regime|reɪˈʒiːm|
[F., ad. L. regimen regimen.]
1. = regimen 2.
1776Earl Carlisle Let. 13 Sept. in Jesse Selwyn & Contemp. (1844) III. 157 Regime is better than physic. 1908A. Bennett Old Wives' Tale i. iii. 45 She was a shrivelled little woman, capable of sitting twelve hours a day in a bedroom and thriving on the régime. 1943Ann. Allergy I. 33 Others in whom the psychic element is important are nevertheless improved by a hygienic régime or by symptomatic medication. 1973Daily Tel. 13 Feb. 16 This is not a diet to enter upon without medical prescription... To embark on this régime without due regard to the consequences may delay diagnosis of other disorders.
2. a. A manner, method, or system of rule or government; a system or institution having widespread influence or prevalence. Now freq. applied disparagingly to a particular government or administration.
1792[see b]. 1805Edin. Rev. VI. 471 The short sentence about the regime of the Roman provinces affords two instances of inadvertence. 1833Chalmers Const. Man i. vi. (1834) I. 250 These first and second principles of natural justice, whatever violence may have been done to them at the overthrow of a former regime [etc.]. 1848Mill Pol. Econ. iii. xvi. §1 Under the regime of competition, things are..exchanged for each other at such values [etc.]. 1898Bodley France I. Introd. 32 Under previous parliamentary regimes this evil was not patent. 1955Times 2 May 8/3 But none of us is prepared, either, to bolster up the aging régime of Chiang Kai-shek. Ibid. 11/5 Only King Saud and the régime in the Yemen (which recently survived in undiminished medieval splendour an abortive coup d'État) remain patently faithful to Egypt. 1973Guardian 16 Apr. 1/6 The Smith regime in Rhodesia.
b. spec. in phr. the ancient, or old, regime (tr. F. l'ancien régime), the system of government in France before the Revolution of 1789. Also transf., the old system or style of things.
1792Gouv. Morris in Sparks Life & Writ. (1832) II. 195 Some are for absolute monarchy, some for the ancient regime. 1808Sir J. Moore in Jas. Moore Narr. Campaign (1809) 76 They have acted with all the imbecility of an old established weak government of the old regime. 1816W. Scott in Q. Rev. XIV. 192 A crime against sentiment which no author, of moderate prudence, would have hazarded under the old régime. 1825Jefferson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 104 The Aristocracy was cemented by a common principle, of preserving the ancient regime, or whatever should be nearest to it. 1842Geo. Eliot Let. 30 Aug. (1954) I. 144 There ought to be..a few spectral clingers to the memory of the old régime in the era of political regeneration. 1884Harper's Mag. Mar. 554/2 The habits of the last century in respect to decorum were just receding... The old régime was dying. 1912F. A. Talbot Moving Pictures xii. 136 Under the old régime darkness prevailed from one end of the programme to the other, save, perhaps, during a short interval. 1971R. Bendix in A. Bullock 20th Cent. xv. 352/2 Their overthrow of an ‘old regime’ fulfils the first task of their [sc. revolutionary movements'] ideological mission. 1976J. B. Hilton Gamekeeper's Gallows xv. 159 ‘Take her back home again tomorrow.’.. The old regime was over.
3. Physical Geogr.
a. The condition of a watercourse with regard to changes that may be occurring in its form or bed and the possibility of an equilibrium in which there is neither erosion nor deposition; = regimen 5.
[1779P. L. G. Du Buat Principes d'Hydraulique i. iv. 73 Ainsi, par le terme régime, nous entendons proprement la vitesse du courant, comparée à la résistance du terrain qui forme le lit.] 1856Min. Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers XV. 241 The case of the River Clyde, at Glasgow, should be carefully examined, when considering any measure for the régime of the Thames. Ibid. 242 To regulate the low-water régime, by removing the shoals below London Bridge. 1895Ibid. CXIX. 282 Observations were made at thirty sites... Each was known by long local experience to have been in a state of permanent regime, the canal having been flowing for years on its self-silted bed. 1925F. Reeves Notes & Data Rly. Engin. 30 One frequently sees the results of this absence of accurate knowledge of the régime of the stream in washaways, bridges of unnecessary size, etc. 1927Min. Proc. Inst. Civil Engin. CCXXIII. 268 The conditions of great rivers in unstable regime, presenting every kind of irregularity of flow. 1957New Scientist 26 Dec. 30/3 The regime theory of canals was originally developed in India..and stemmed from field observations of the self-adjusting character of these artificial alluvial canals. Ibid., From the regime viewpoint the behaviour of a river is visualised as fluctuation about equilibrium or ‘regime’ dimensions. 1965A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. (ed. 2) xviii. 543 The whole régime of sandbanks and inner channels eventually reaches an all-over width that meets the requirements of all but the very greatest floods.
b. The condition of a body of water with regard to the rates at which water enters and leaves it.
1874Chem. News 27 Feb. 101/2 (heading) Pluvial régime of the torrid zone in the basin of the Atlantic Ocean. 1933Geogr. Jrnl. LXXXII. 174 While some writers have thought the régime of the lake (the balance between gains and losses) to depend almost entirely on the precipitation on and evaporation from the lake-surface, Mr. Gillman finds that the mean inflow from tributary basins is by no means negligible. Ibid., Theeuws held that the old régime of the lake was changed once and for all by the débâcle of about 1875.
4. The set of conditions under which a system occurs or is maintained.
1890Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1889 502 We should expect that, after the change of loads has been frequently repeated so that a cyclic régime is established, the wire will, for any value of load between the two extremes, be longer during unloading than during loading. 1920A. Fage Airscrews in Theory & Exper. xii. 176 The study of the working régime of a helicopter. 1942Electronic Engin. XIV. 665/3 It has been found that the duration of this low voltage régime may be increased to..20–30 microseconds by connecting an additional condenser directly between anode and cathode. 1957J. K. Charlesworth Quaternary Era II. xlviii. 1410 Pluvial conditions over vast areas of the world..were replaced by a régime of desiccation. 1971Sci. Amer. Sept. 118/1 Without altering the horticultural regime of keeping 90 percent of the land fallow the Tsembaga's 1,000 best acres might have supported a population of 200 or more per square mile. 1978Nature 29 June 752/1 Anemones were..maintained in circulating seawater at 10°C for 6 months before experimentation in a 12-h light and 12-h darkness regime.
▸ regime change n. replacement of one governing administration by another; (in later use also euphem.) removal of a hostile foreign government, esp. by military force.
1925Los Angeles Times 1 Aug. 8/4 (headline) *Regime change effort denied. 1965World Politics 17 239 Those NATO designs..would be severely compromised by regime changes in individual nations which shifted their foreign policies in a neutralist direction. 1987Washington Post 20 Feb. a27/6 In mid-August last year, the president signed a National Security Decision Directive stating that he still sought a ‘regime change’ in Libya, and directed the CIA to conduct a campaign of ‘disinformation’. 2002Sun (Baltimore) 18 Aug. a1/3 Iraq's use of gas in that conflict is repeatedly mentioned..as justification for ‘regime change’ in Iraq. |