| 释义 |
inhibit, v.|ɪnˈhɪbɪt|
Forms: 5–6 inhybyte, (6 inibbit), 6– inhibit. pa. pple. inhibited; also 5–6 inhibit(e.
[f. L. inhibit-, ppl. stem of inhibēre to hold in, restrain, hinder, prevent, f. in- (in-2) + habēre to hold. Cf. OF. inhibir (later inhiber), Sp. inhibir, It. inibire (Florio inhibire).]
1. trans. To forbid, prohibit, interdict (a person): esp. as a term of Ecclesiastical Law or practice.
†a. to do something. Also, rarely, with that. (Sometimes with negative in the subord. clause.)
1460J. Capgrave Chron. 164 In the same time were the Jewis inhibite, that thei schul no more lend no silver to no Christen man. 1533Bellenden Livy v. (1822) 397 The maisteris inhibitis the servandis to have ony cumpany with uncouth men. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. III. 1215/2 Strictlie inhibiting them, that not one of them should once on paine of death looke ouer the wals or rampires. 1600Holland Livy xlii. xxv. 1129 By expresse words he was inhibited to beare armes without his own frontiers. a1670Hacket Abp. Williams ii. (1692) 157 By the same Canon law that forbids clergymen to sentence, they..are more strictly inhibited to give no testimony in causes of blood.
b. from doing something; † from a thing.
c1540Pilgr. T. 424 in Thynne's Animadv. (1865) App. i. 89 Thes be the prophesys that we shold trust vnto, & not in false lyes that we be inhibyt fro. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. iii. iii. §5 The said Peckam inhibited all from selling victuals to him or his family. 1747Carte Hist. Eng. I. 502 Anselm..had inhibited by letters all the bishops of England from assisting at his consecration. 1749Fielding Tom Jones Wks. 1775 II. 238 Partridge was inhibited from that topic which would at first have suggested itself. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xx. IV. 499 A clause was..inserted which inhibited the Bank from advancing money to the Crown without authority from Parliament. 1873R. Phillimore Eccl. Law II. 1345 In the Bishops triennial, as also in regal and metropolitical, visitations, all inferior jurisdictions respectively are inhibited from exercising jurisdiction, during such visitation.
†c. To forbid a person a thing. Obs.
1599Sandys Europæ Spec. (1632) 108 They..inhibite their partie the reading of Protestant-bookes, and repaire to their Churches. 1641Vind. Smectymnuus xv. 189 Wicked or scandalous livers among them, who were to be inhibited their assemblies. a1648Ld. Herbert Hen. VIII (1683) 13 A Statute..which did inhibit our men other Traffick towards Denmark and Iseland.
d. without const.: esp. to forbid (an ecclesiastic) to exercise clerical functions.
1531Latimer Serm. & Rem. (Parker Soc.) 324 He did never inhibit me in my life. 1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 6 The minister here onely inhibited directly. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts, N.T. 62 Forbid them not; there is no reason to inhibit them that are well affected to us. 1867Morning Star 19 Sept. 3 Let him [the Archbishop of Canterbury] inhibit the bishop.
2. a. To forbid, prohibit (a thing, action, or practice). Now rare.
1494Fabyan Chron. vii. 596 Whan yt wepyn was inhybyted theym, then they toke stonys and plummettes of lede. 1555R. Taylor in Coverdale Lett. Mart. (1564) 175 By S. Paules doctrine, it is the doctrine of deuilles to inhibite matrimony. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 225 The Inquisitors have inhibited and taken from them all bookes written on that Theame. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 135 By the novel Constitutions, Burial may not be inhibited or deny'd to any one. 1761–2Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) III. xxxvii. 175 She published a proclamation, by which she inhibited all preaching without a special license. 1821Lamb Elia Ser. i. My first Play, At school all play-going was inhibited.
†b. with the object expressed by a clause or infinitive phrase (sometimes negative). Obs.
1562Winȝet Cert. Tractates i. Wks. 1888 I. 4 The godlye wysedome of thi Maiestie hes be ane edict inhibit ony questioun..to be mouit in this action. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. III. 1184/1 Another proclamation..inhibiting, that from thensefoorth no plaies nor interludes should be exercised, till Alhallowes tide. 1612Brerewood Lang. & Relig. xi. 103 Philosophy..is inhibited to be taught in their universities. 1632Lithgow Trav. iv. 149 The Turkes..have inhibited that any Christian shall come neare to it.
3. To restrain, check, hinder, prevent, stop. † Also with inf. compl. (obs.).
1535Coverdale Ezra v. 5 They were not inhibyte, tyll the matter was brought before Darius, and tyll there came a wrytinge therof agayne. 1601Holland Pliny I. 11 The Planets..are both inhibited by the..Trine aspect of the sun, to hold on a straight and direct course. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 47 Coldnesse constipating the pores of the skin, whence the regresse of vapours is inhibited. 1691Ray Creation ii. (1692) 131 That external Sphincter inhibits a too great dilatation of the Gullet. 1816T. L. Peacock Headlong Hall ii, The use of animal food retards, though it cannot materially inhibit, the perfectibility of the species. 1876Foster Phys. i. iii. (1879) 120 The reflex actions of the spinal cord may, by appropriate means, be inhibited.
4. Psychol. (See inhibition 4.) Extended from sense 3.
1876W. James Coll. Ess. & Rev. (1920) 30 A representation arises in a mind, but..it is inhibited by another which confronts it. 1943C. R. Griffith Princ. Syst. Psychol. xvi. 596 A strong connection between two elements a and b inhibits the formation of connections between a and some other element c or d. 1957Partridge English gone Wrong i. 22 Inhibition and the adjective inhibited and the verb inhibit properly denote the restraint that one psychical activity (for instance, thought) imposes upon another (as it might be fear) and also, derivatively, any psychical impediment to the free workings of body or mind or of both; it is this latter sense which has become debased to mean—as if that were a deplorable thing—the dictates of a decent self-restraint and the promptings of a natural modesty.
Hence inˈhibited ppl. a.; inˈhibitedness; inˈhibiting vbl. n. and ppl. a. (esp. Psychol.).
1601Shakes. All's Well i. i. 157 Selfe-loue, which is the most inhibited sinne in the Cannon. 1607Hieron Wks. I. 327 Touching..the inhibiting or forbidding part, the substance of it is contained in this clause, ‘let not sinne reigne in your mortall body’. 1608Willet Hexapla Exod. 76 There are two other kinds of inhibiting. 1823Scott Peveril x, The Dobby's Walk was within the inhibited domains of the hall. 1861W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. 446/1 Personal creditors..will be entirely excluded in competition with the inhibiting creditor. 1942A. L. Rowse Cornish Childhood ii. 44 Because of his reserve, his essential inhibitedness. 1961J. A. Brussel Layman's Guide Psychiatry viii. 80 This is best accomplished by removing or modifying the inhibiting factors which have blocked the individual's personality development. 1963A. Heron Towards Quaker View of Sex i. 7 This still repressive and inhibited outlook towards sex. 1967Hilgard & Atkinson Introd. Psychol. (ed. 4) xxii. 556/1 With neurotics who are too inhibited to discuss their feelings spontaneously, more directive methods are usually necessary. 1969E. Mirel in P. Solomon Handbk. Psychiatry xxxii. 389 The ‘pathologically shy’ children who manifest passivity, inhibited initiative and motor action. |