| 释义 |
▪ I. vision, n.|ˈvɪʒən|
Forms: 3–6 visioun, 4 -iun, -iowne, -eoun, vysyoun, 5 vysyoune, 5–6 Sc. wisioun; 4–5 vysione, vysyon, 5 vyssyon, 5–6 vysion; 4– vision (5 uision, visionne), 4–6 visyon (6 Sc. vesyne).
[a. AF. visiun, visioun, OF. vision (= Sp. vision, It. visione), or ad. L. vīsiōn-, vīsio sight, seeing, thing seen, f. vīs-, ppl. stem of vidēre to see.]
1. a. Something which is apparently seen otherwise than by ordinary sight; esp. an appearance of a prophetic or mystical character, or having the nature of a revelation, supernaturally presented to the mind either in sleep or in an abnormal state. beatific vision: see beatific a. b.
In early texts a vision cannot always be clearly separated from avision.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 52 Seint Edward cam al-so aniȝht ase in a visioun To an holi man þat þere was neiȝ. a1300Cursor M. 4454 Als þai lai in þat prisun, A-naght þam mete a visiun. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 65 Who so lokes his life, & redis his vision, What vengeance ordeyned was on Inglond to be don. c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 4369 Þis was þat Iohan saw in a vision Of hym þat semed þe virgyn son. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 113 Þat ȝere byfel þe secounde siȝt and visioun of Daniel, of þe aungel þat delyuerede þe children out of þe ouene. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 98 This prophete.. Be a visioune so hevenly and divyne, Toke a chalice. c1450Mirk's Festial 17 When he had told þe kyng of þys vysion, þe kyng made preche hit ouer all þe reme. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 3 The seruaunt of god Moyses had moost hye reuelacyons & visyons. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 65 Secrete teachers that fayned themselves to see visions, and to have talke with God. 1584Lyly Sappho iv. iii. 56, I haue had many phantastical visions, for euen now slumbring by your beddes side, mee thought I was shadowed with a clowd. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 227 But behold an accident, which I rather thought at the first to haue bene a vision, then (as I found it) reall. 1669Dryden Tyrannick Love i. i, Char. What did the Vision shew? Placid... A Town besieg'd; and on the neighb'ring Plain Lay heaps of visionary Souldiers slain. 1711Addison Spect. No. 159 ⁋8, I then turned again to the Vision which I had been so long contemplating. 1757Gray Bard 107 Visions of glory, spare my aching sight. 1802Leyden Mermaid xxvi, Like one that from a fearful dream Awakes,..Yet fears to find the vision true. a1859De Quincey Dream Fugue Wks. 1897 XIII. 319 On the ocean,..the unknown lady from the dreadful vision, and I myself are floating. 1860Pusey Min. Proph. 80 In the vision, God is understood to have represented things to come, as a picture to the prophet's mind.
b. Without article. (Cf. avision 2.)
13..Seuyn Sages (W.) 3809 Als he lay opon a nyght In a dreme, than thoght him right That he was warned in visiowne [etc.]. a1340Hampole Psalter lxxxviii. 19 When þou sayd þat, þou spak in visyon, þat is, in pryue reuelacioun til prophetis. c1420Lydg. Assembly of Gods 1621 To vndyrstand..the mater of Morpheus hys shewyng As he hath the ledde aboute in vysyon. 1508Kennedie Flyting w. Dunbar 298 Ȝit of new tressone I can tell the tailis, That cumis on nycht in visioun in my sleip. 1671Milton P.R. i. 256 Just Simeon and Prophetic Anna, warn'd By Vision, found thee in the Temple. 1723Pope Let. to Mrs. Cowper 26 Sept., Wks. 1769 IX. 431, I could wish you tried something in the descriptive way on any subject you please, mixed with vision and moral. 1732Waterland Script. Vind. iii. 52 Upon the Foot of this Construction, it is supposed, that Isaiah in prophetic Dream or Vision, heard God speaking to him. 1813Scott Rokeby iii. xix, Not do I boast the art renown'd, Vision and omen to expound. 1856Stanley Sinai & Pal. ii. (1858) 132 Such, not in vision, but in the most certain reality, was that double view of Jerusalem from Mount Olivet.
c. A mental concept of a distinct or vivid kind; an object of mental contemplation, esp. of an attractive or fantastic character; a highly imaginative scheme or anticipation.
1592Timme Ten Eng. Lepers E iv, In the sayde hypocriticall Pharisei then, we see a certaine phantasticall vision, shewing that in forme which it hath not in trueth. 1668Temple Wks. (1720) II. 60, I wish some of his Visions may not give it another Face than what it ought..to receive from the true present State of the Spanish Affairs. 1784Cowper Task i. 451 Upon the ship's tall side he stands, possess'd With visions prompted by intense desire. 1809Campbell Gert. Wyom. iii. 5 And, in the visions of romantic youth, What years of endless bliss are yet to flow. 1855Poultry Chron. II. 582/2 Visions of success floated before me all day. 1872Yeats Growth Comm. 212 The Dutch were not excited by those visions of American gold and silver which had inflamed the imagination of the Spaniards. 1876Gladstone Glean. (1879) II. 314 The splendid visions which his fancy shaped had taken possession of his mind.
d. A person seen in a dream or trance.
1611Bible Wisd. xvii. 4 Sadde visions appeared vnto them with heauie countenances. 1667Milton P.L. viii. 367 The vision bright, As with a smile more brightn'd, thus repli'd. 1697Dryden æneid vii. 139 A more than mortal sound Invades his ears; and thus the vision spoke. 1727De Foe Syst. Magic i. iv. (1840) 105 Ali..failed not to ask the vision how he should obtain his promised assistance in the like cases of difficulty. 1817Scott Harold vi. xi, And thou, for so the Vision said, Must in thy Lord's repentance aid.
e. transf. A person, scene, etc., of unusual beauty. (Cf. dream n.2 3 b.)
1823Scott Quentin D. xii, Dost thou think it makes thee fit to be the husband of that beautiful vision? 1896Westm. Gaz. 30 Apr. 2/1 The big dining room is..a vision of walnut and mahogany. 1901Daily Chron. 29 June 8/3 One girl was a remarkable vision in a creamy white cloth Empire coat.
2. a. The action or fact of seeing or contemplating something not actually present to the eye; mystical or supernatural insight or foresight.
1382Wyclif 1 Sam. iii. 1 In tho dais was noon opyn visioun. c1420Chron. Vilod. 2512 Þe same nyȝt þat seynt Dunstone to Salesbury come, He saw by vysione alle þat he saw here, & myche more. c1491Chast. Goddes Chyld. D iv a, The seconde kynde of vysion is callid Spyrytual vysion or Imagynatyf. Ibid. D iv b, In y⊇ thirde vision yt is callid Intellectual. 1560Bible (Genev.) Isaiah xxviii. 7 Thei faile in vision: thei stomble in iudgement. 1594Hooker Eccles. Pol. i. xi. 82 The first..beginning here with a weake apprehension of things not sene, endeth with the intuitiue vision of God in the world to come. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies vii. xxiii. 567 It may be, that what the laborer reported, had happened vnto him by imaginary vision. 1657J. Watt Vind. Ch. Eng. 153 Ministers..neither have vision to foretell, nor power to confer, blessing. 1676Dryden Aurengzebe i. i, If Love be Vision, mine has all the Fire Which in first Dreams, young Prophets does inspire. a1745Swift Th. on Var. Subj. Wks. 1745 VIII. 273 Vision is the art of seeing things invisible. 1836Macgillivray Trav. Humboldt i. 18 That truths faithfully extracted from the book of nature are alone calculated to enlarge the sphere of mental vision. 1871Farrar Witn. Hist. iii. 97 It needed, let us say, the divine vision of a Peter, and the inspired eloquence of a Paul, to burst the intolerable yoke. 1899W. R. Inge Chr. Mysticism i. 14 Ecstasy or vision begins when thought ceases, to our consciousness, to proceed from ourselves.
b. Ability to conceive what might be attempted or achieved, esp. in the realm of politics; statesmanlike foresight.
[1904Chesterton Napoleon of Notting Hill ii. iii. 107, I fight for your royal vision, for the great dream you dreamt of the League of the Free Cities.] 1926Fowler Mod. Eng. Usage 695/2 Vision, in the sense of statesman⁓like foresight or political sagacity, is enjoying a noticeable vogue. 1960M. Spark Ballad Peckham Rye v. 86 ‘How do you find Weedin?’ ‘Totally,’ Dougal said, ‘lacking in vision. It is his fatal flaw. Otherwise quite sane.’ 1965A. J. P. Taylor Eng. Hist. 1914–45 xvi. 593 Truman, the new president, had none of Roosevelt's vision as international leader. 1973E. F. Schumacher Small is Beautiful i. 243 A lack of vision on the part of the socialists themselves. 1982D. Fraser Alanbrooke ix. 217 Churchill had enormous vision. He could and often did impressively surpass his supporters in his imaginative span.
3. a. The action of seeing with the bodily eye; the exercise of the ordinary faculty of sight, or the faculty itself. Also transf. (quot. 1854).
c1491Chast. Goddes Chyld. D iv a, The fyrst is callyd a corporal vision be cause it is seen outwarde bi bodely eye wittes. c1510More Picus Wks. 20/2 Because that our felicitie is fulfilled in the vision and fruicion of the humanitie of Christ. c1600Shakes. Sonn. cxiii, For it [sc. my eye] no forme deliuers to the heart..Nor his owne vision houlds what it doth catch. 1644Hammond Pract. Catech. i. iii. (1646) 14 Faith here is turned into Vision there. 1676Hale Contempl. i. 71 A means whereby he might be restored..to blessedness and the vision of his Creator. 1704Norris Ideal World ii. iii. 201 Vision in itself is the having or perceiving an idea representatively material in consequence of a certain impression made by light upon that expansion of the optick nerve which is at the bottom of the eye. 1718J. Chamberlayne Relig. Philos. (1730) I. xii. §25 Whether he ever considered the manner how Vision is performed. 1774M. Mackenzie Maritime Surv. 58 The Distance of the Eye and the Thickness of the Lines should, be previous Trial, be suited to distinct Vision. 1832Brewster Nat. Magic iii. 48 Even the vision of natural objects presents to us insurmountable difficulties. 1854― More Worlds xi. 180 The globular nebulæ of Sir W. Herschel have disappeared as globes under the sharp vision of Lord Rosse's telescope. 1879G. C. Harlan Eyesight iii. 31 To understand anything of the physiology of vision, it is necessary to have a general idea of the way in which images of objects are formed by refracting surfaces.
b. An instance of seeing; a look.
1855Bain Senses & Int. ii. ii. §11 With the blind the case is different;..their visions of the surfaces of all things are visions of touch. a1861T. Woolner My Beautiful Lady, Tolling Bell ix, Our visions met, when pityingly she flung Her passionate arms about me.
†4. A visage or vizard. Obs. rare.
In both instances perh. a misprint for visor.
1563Homilies ii. Excess of Apparel Ggg iiij b, As thoughe a wyse, and a christian husband, should delyte to see his wife in such paynted, and florished visions [1623 visages], which common harlots mostly do vse. a1701Sedley Tyrant of Crete v. ii, Methinks, till this day the times had Likewise a vision on, and look'd not with A true face before.
5. A thing actually seen; an object of sight.
1611Shakes. Wint. T. i. ii. 270 Ha' not you seene Camillo? (But that's past doubt: you haue,..For to a Vision so apparant, Rumor Cannot be mute.)
6. The visual part of a television broadcast, television images collectively; the transmission or reproduction of such images; also, the signal corresponding to them.
1910H. N. Casson Hist. Telephone ix. 287 Some future Carty..may transmit vision as well as speech. 1930Moseley & Chapple Television i. 9 On 9th February, 1928, the public were startled to learn that the Atlantic had been spanned by vision. 1934J. H. Reyner Television x. 109 The radio transmission of sound or vision is usually accomplished by modulating a high-frequency carrier-wave. 1939Jrnl. Television Soc. III. 8/1 Vision is amplified at an intermediate frequency of 13.2 m.c. (vision carrier). 1955‘J. Christopher’ Year of Comet i. 5 He had followed the usual practice of leaving sound switched on as well as vision. 1959G. Freeman Jack would be Gentleman i. 8 The sound came on a full minute before the vision. 1973E. G. M. Alkin Sound with Vision i. 3 In any entertainment medium in which sound and vision are combined there is a tendency to consider sound as the poor relation.
7. attrib. and Comb.
a. gen., as vision-field, vision-literature, vision machinery, vision-monger, vision poem, vision-world; vision-haunted, vision-seeing, vision-seeking, vision-struck adjs.; vision quest N. Amer., the attempt to achieve a vision traditionally undertaken by mature men of the Plains Indian peoples, usu. through fasting or self-torture; vision splendid, the dream of some glorious imagined time; vision-telephone = videophone s.v. video-.
1880Academy 3 July 7 *Vision-field contraction is illustrated by the case of a patient [etc.].
c1823Mrs. Hemans Valkyriur Song, The Sea-king woke from the troubled sleep Of a *vision-haunted night.
1929T. S. Eliot Dante 67 The Vita Nuova,..a sequence of beautiful poems connected by a curious *vision-literature.
1895A. Nutt Voy. Bran I. x. 250 Early Christian literature likewise supplies similar descriptions without employing the Vision machinery.
1718Entertainer Ded. A iij, The Atheist and the Infidel..are reinforc'd by the Quaker, the *Vision-monger and the Seeker.
1961A. Clarke Later Poems 91 The Aisling, or *Vision poem, in which Ireland was personified, reached its pitch in the eighteenth century.
1922R. Benedict in Amer. Anthropol. XXIV. 3 Three patterns of wide distribution are sometimes taken to characterize the *vision quest of the Plains. 1966D. Aberle Peyote Relig. among Navaho xx. 340 Anthropologists have been impressed by the similarities between peyotism and the Plains vision quest. 1971E. Shorris Death of Great Spirit iv. 40 He is a Uwipi, a medicine man and practitioner of the traditional vision quest, and there is not a Sioux Indian within two hundred miles of Pine Ridge who does not regard him with a certain amount of awe.
1827Pusey Let. in Liddon Life (1893) I. vi. 131 A half-distracted, visionary and *vision-seeing mystic.
1922W. B. Yeats Trembling of Veil ii. xiv. 129 Politics, for a *vision-seeking man, can be but half achievement.
1807Wordsworth Poems II. 151 The youth, who..still is Nature's priest, And by the *vision splendid Is on his way attended. 1895A. B. Paterson Man from Snowy River (1896) 21 And he sees the vision splendid of the sunlit plains extended, And at night the wond'rous glory of the everlasting stars. 1959X. Herbert Seven Emus x. 110 Such was his acting that he took in his audience along with himself, made them share his optimism, his vision splendid. 1972I. Moffitt U-Jack Soc. xii. 199, I sat obediently and listened, and Sir Philip spread his vision splendid of electricity extended—with nuclear power.
1708Shaftesbury Charac. (1711) I. 50 Whether the matter of Apparition be true or false, the Symptoms are the same..in the Person who is *Vision-struck.
1966Guardian 22 Dec. 3/3 The Post Office is exploring the possibility of..a *vision-telephone for calls between individuals. 1969New Scientist 16 Oct. 146/3 Big industrial concerns might..find vision telephones helpful for conferences between executives.
1915D. H. Lawrence Rainbow xi. 267 In the *vision-world He spoke of Jerusalem, something that did not exist in the everyday world.
b. In sense 6; spec. vision-mixer, a person whose job is to switch from one camera to another in television broadcasting or recording; so vision-mixing vbl. n.
1935Illustr. London News 23 Feb. 307/1 (in figure) Vision control [of a television receiver]. 1937Discovery Nov. 330/1 The incoming vision signal..carries the time⁓sequence of light-and-shade in the original image. 1938Times 7 Jan. 13/6 Behind him is the key-man, the vision-mixer. 1951I. Asimov Stars like Dust (1958) i. 7 He jabbed at the vision control and the small screen was alive with light. 1953Amos & Birkinshaw Television Engin. I. i. 17 The composite signal obtained by combining a picture with a synchronising signal is known as a vision [1957: video] signal. 1956B.B.C. Handbk. 1957 59 This unit..has its own VHF sound and vision transmitters. 1960Daily Tel. 17 June 13/4 The present [television] centre runs more than 100 vision and 400 sound circuits. 1961G. Millerson Technique Television Production xvi. 296 The television director is his own editor. He may himself carry out the mechanical operation of the video switching console (vision mixing desk), or have..a switcher (vision mixer), follow his instructions. 1972D. Lees Zodiac 30 Zodiac's director, vision mixers, audio⁓men and camera men were obviously tops. 1979Zarach & Morris Television Princ. & Pract. ii. 8 The signal from the camera, together with the synchronising pulses.., modulate the vision carrier. 1982A. Road Dr. Who 45/2 To the director's..right [in the gallery] are the vision mixer, the producer..and..the technical manager.
▪ II. vision, v.|ˈvɪʒən|
[f. prec.]
1. trans. To show as in a vision; to display to the eye or mind. Also with out.
1594Nashe Unfort. Trav. Wks. (Grosart) V. 129 Euen as the age of goates is knowen by the knots on their hornes, so think the anger of God apparently visioned or showne vnto thee in the knitting of my browes. 1802H. Martin Helen of Glenross III. 254 Should I return and behold the tomb you have affectingly visioned. 1887Rider Haggard She 192 Mankind asks ever of the skies to vision out what lies behind them.
b. To call up a vision of.
1902Academy 25 Jan. 100/1 Those eyes, that hair, vision up Spanish princes.
2. To see as in a vision; to bring before the eye of the mind. Also with forth.
1795Southey Joan of Arc viii. 135 We in the morning eyed the pleasant fields Vision'd before. 1816J. Wilson City of Plague ii. i. 63, I too am his brother, though his face Was only vision'd sweetly in my soul. 1856Ruskin Mod. Paint. III. iv. iv. §5 That we may be able to vision forth the ministry of angels beside us. 1876Meredith Beauch. Career xxxiii, Gentlemen of an unpractised imaginative capacity cannot vision for themselves exactly what they would.
3. intr. To take a view; to look.
1898Meredith Odes Fr. Hist. 6 Up that midway We vision for new ground. |